Distance Perception in Driver-side Convex Rearview Mirrors: Objects in Mirror are More Complicated Than They Appear PDF Download
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Author: Michael J. Flannagan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Convex rearview mirrors are currently prohibited in the U.S. as original equipment on passenger cars except for the exterior, passenger-side position. One of the primary reasons for this restriction is a concern that convex mirrors may cause drivers to overestimate the distances to following vehicles and therefore make unsafe maneuvers. There is a considerable amount of empirical evidence that convex mirrors do cause overestimation, but the effect is not theoretically well understood. No currently available model successfully predicts the magnitude of the distance overestimation. However, plausible theoretical considerations can be used to generate a previously untested prediction that, even if only qualitatively accurate, would be of practical significance: Eye-to-mirror distance should have a substantial effect on the magnitude of overestimation caused by convex mirrors. Specifically, longer eye-to-mirror distances (as are typical for passenger-side mirrors) should lead to more overestimation than shorter distances (as are typical for driver-side mirrors). This prediction was tested in a field experiment in which flat and convex mirrors were used on a car in both the driver-side and passenger-side exterior rearview mirror positions. Longer eye-to-mirror distance did lead to greater overestimation, although—as in previous studies—in both mirror positions the degree of overestimation was less than predicted by quantitative modeling. These results suggest that, to the extent that overestimation of distances to following vehicles is a concern for the use of convex rearview mirrors, that concern is lessstrong for the driver-side exterior position (which is relatively near to the driver’s eyes) than for passenger-side exterior position (which is relatively far from the driver’s eyes).
Author: Michael J. Flannagan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Convex rearview mirrors are currently prohibited in the U.S. as original equipment on passenger cars except for the exterior, passenger-side position. One of the primary reasons for this restriction is a concern that convex mirrors may cause drivers to overestimate the distances to following vehicles and therefore make unsafe maneuvers. There is a considerable amount of empirical evidence that convex mirrors do cause overestimation, but the effect is not theoretically well understood. No currently available model successfully predicts the magnitude of the distance overestimation. However, plausible theoretical considerations can be used to generate a previously untested prediction that, even if only qualitatively accurate, would be of practical significance: Eye-to-mirror distance should have a substantial effect on the magnitude of overestimation caused by convex mirrors. Specifically, longer eye-to-mirror distances (as are typical for passenger-side mirrors) should lead to more overestimation than shorter distances (as are typical for driver-side mirrors). This prediction was tested in a field experiment in which flat and convex mirrors were used on a car in both the driver-side and passenger-side exterior rearview mirror positions. Longer eye-to-mirror distance did lead to greater overestimation, although—as in previous studies—in both mirror positions the degree of overestimation was less than predicted by quantitative modeling. These results suggest that, to the extent that overestimation of distances to following vehicles is a concern for the use of convex rearview mirrors, that concern is lessstrong for the driver-side exterior position (which is relatively near to the driver’s eyes) than for passenger-side exterior position (which is relatively far from the driver’s eyes).
Author: Tom Vanderbilt
Publisher: Vintage Canada
ISBN: 0307373177
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
Driving is a fact of life. We are all spending more and more time on the road, and traffic is an issue we face everyday. This book will make you think about it in a whole new light. We have always had a passion for cars and driving. Now Traffic offers us an exceptionally rich understanding of that passion. Vanderbilt explains why traffic jams form, outlines the unintended consequences of our attempts to engineer safety and even identifies the most common mistakes drivers make in parking lots. Based on exhaustive research and interviews with driving experts and traffic officials around the globe, Traffic gets under the hood of the quotidian activity of driving to uncover the surprisingly complex web of physical, psychological and technical factors that explain how traffic works.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lawyers
Languages : en
Pages : 1596
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Author: Alexander P. de Vos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1308
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Author: Michael J. Flannagan, Michael Sivak, Eric C. Taube
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Author: Michael J. Flannagan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
The effects of image size on perceived distance have been of concern for convex rearview mirrors as well as camera-based rear vision systems. We suggest that the importance of image size is limited to cases—such as current rearview mirrors—in which the field of view is small. With larger, richer fields of view it is likely that other distance cues will dominate image size, thereby substantially diminishing the concern that distortions of size will result in distortions of distance perception. We report results from an experiment performed in a driving simulator, with static simulated rearward images, in which subjects were asked to make judgments about the distance to a rearward vehicle. The images showed a field of view substantially wider than provided by any of the individual rearview mirrors in current systems. The field of view was 38 degrees wide and was presented on displays that were either 16.7 or 8.5 degrees wide, thus minifying images by factors of 0.44 or 0.22. In contrast to previous studies of convex mirrors and camera-based rear vision systems, judgments about distance were not affected by image size, suggesting that distance cues other than size were available to subjects as they made their judgments. Further testing is needed to better understand the nature of the distance cues that drivers are able to use in camera-based rear vision systems, but these results suggest that, at least under some conditions, image size is not critical for reliable perception of distance.
Author: Michael J. Flannagan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
This study examined drivers’ perceptions of distance to a rearward vehicle while using a camera-based rear vision system in actual driving conditions. Participants drove an instrumented car equipped with conventional rearview mirrors and with a camera rear vision system. Using various configurations of these rear vision systems, they observed the approach of an overtaking car and indicated the last moment at which it would be safe to initiate a lane-change maneuver in front of it. Their judgments were strongly affected by the type of display used to observe the overtaking car. The longest distances were obtained with the camera-based display at unit magnification. Distances were substantially shorter with the conventional mirror and with the camera-based display at 0.5 magnification. These results are consistent with results from an earlierstudy conducted under static conditions.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Labor and Public Welfare
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
