Disintegration of Girdled Western Hemlock and Grand Fir (Classic Reprint) PDF Download
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Author: Austin Edward Helmers
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780260412942
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Excerpt from Disintegration of Girdled Western Hemlock and Grand Fir The occurrence of overmature defective trees is responsible for some of the most difficult management problems in the western white pine type. Grand fir and'western hemlock in particular are highly susceptible to Woodarotting fungi. In addition, because of their shade tolerance, they often inhibit or prevent establishment and growth of the more desirable but less shade-tolerant species such as western white pine. Hence, many of the management practices for the white pine type provide for the re moval of trees of undesirable form, condition, or species. Girdling is one method of removing such trees. This method was exten sively used by the U. S. Forest Service between 1915 and 1930 on timber sales in the western white pine type. Although girdling lowhvalue trees 'was discontinued as a stand improvement measure after 1930 because of the high fire hazard of the resulting snags (figure there were reasons to consider the method worthy of further study. For example, it is a com paratively cheap and effective'way to destroy an occasional large tree, such as a wolf tree which is suppressing desirable reproduction. Tests 2/ 1tere made, accordingly, to determine the effect of girdling on cone pro duction, mortality, rate of disintegration of trees, end.damage to repro duction. Results of these studies are described in this report. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Austin Edward Helmers
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780260412942
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Excerpt from Disintegration of Girdled Western Hemlock and Grand Fir The occurrence of overmature defective trees is responsible for some of the most difficult management problems in the western white pine type. Grand fir and'western hemlock in particular are highly susceptible to Woodarotting fungi. In addition, because of their shade tolerance, they often inhibit or prevent establishment and growth of the more desirable but less shade-tolerant species such as western white pine. Hence, many of the management practices for the white pine type provide for the re moval of trees of undesirable form, condition, or species. Girdling is one method of removing such trees. This method was exten sively used by the U. S. Forest Service between 1915 and 1930 on timber sales in the western white pine type. Although girdling lowhvalue trees 'was discontinued as a stand improvement measure after 1930 because of the high fire hazard of the resulting snags (figure there were reasons to consider the method worthy of further study. For example, it is a com paratively cheap and effective'way to destroy an occasional large tree, such as a wolf tree which is suppressing desirable reproduction. Tests 2/ 1tere made, accordingly, to determine the effect of girdling on cone pro duction, mortality, rate of disintegration of trees, end.damage to repro duction. Results of these studies are described in this report. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Austin Edward Helmers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Austin E (Austin Edward) 1 Helmers
Publisher: Hassell Street Press
ISBN: 9781014327307
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Edward Tyson Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Author: K. W. Seidel
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781390499674
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Excerpt from Natural Reproduction of Grand Fir and Mountain Hemlock After Shelterwood Cutting in Central Oregon Recognizing that shade - tolerant Species found in the fir - hemlock type might regenerate better after partial cutting, the Deschutes National Forest began using the shelterwood method in 1971. This paper reports the natural regeneration of grand fir (abies grandis (dougl.) Lindl. And mountain hemlock (tsuga mertensiana (bong.) Carr.) following a good seed year in response to variations in density of the residual stand. 2. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Edward T. Allen
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781334554674
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Excerpt from The Western Hemlock The distribution of the species indicates clearly its chief require ments to be a cool and moist climate. Western Washington and Oregon, where it reaches its best development, are divided into three longitudinal belts, each with distinct characteristics of soil and climate. The western strip, between the Pacific Ocean and the Coast Range (which becomes the Olympic Mountains in the north), has a fertile, usually clayey soil and an annual rainfall of from 70 to 100 inches. This strip contains a large proportion of Hemlock, in mixture with Spruce, Cedar, and Red Fir. (see Frontispiece.) Between the Coast Range and the foot of the Cascades lies a belt which, protected from the moist sea winds, is comparatively dry. In Washington the soil is glacial drift, consisting chie y of gravels; in Oregon it forms the rich agricultural lands along the Willamette and other rivers. In this belt there is little Hemlock, the growth being nearly pure Red Fir, with Cedar on the low ground, and some Pine. On ascending the west slopes of the Cascades the change is again distinctly marked. The soil is of either volcanic or sedimentary origin, and the increasing altitude causes con densation of the moisture which escapes the Coast Range and is carried eastward over the central valley. Here the Hemlock again appears and, at an altitude of from to feet, reaches its best develop ment, and is most free from insect attacks and from disease. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."
Author: Edward Tyson Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Western hemlock
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Book Description
Author: William M. Ciesla
Publisher: Fao
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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The objective of this paper is to provide a global review of the non-wood uses of conifers. For the purposes of this paper, conifers are defined as trees and shrubs of the botanical orders Coniferales, Taxales and Ginkgoales (Rushforth 1987). Although some services are briefly mentioned, the focus of this paper is on products which conifers provide species, which are important sources of non-wood forest products, and places where these products are harvested. With the exception of essential oils, which can be obtained from several parts of the tree, the products described are organized by the part of the tree from which they are obtained (e.g. foliage, bark and roots, resin, seeds and cones). Where possible, data on levels of production and international trade are presented. Problems associated with the sustainable management of these products and compatibility or conflicts with other land uses are also presented. Both contemporary and historical or traditional uses of non-wood products from conifers are discussed.
Author: James M. Vose
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466572752
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Forest land managers face the challenges of preparing their forests for the impacts of climate change. However, climate change adds a new dimension to the task of developing and testing science-based management options to deal with the effects of stressors on forest ecosystems in the southern United States. The large spatial scale and complex interactions make traditional experimental approaches difficult. Yet, the current progression of climate change science offers new insights from recent syntheses, models, and experiments, providing enough information to start planning now for a future that will likely include an increase in disturbances and rapid changes in forest conditions. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Management Options: A Guide for Natural Resource Managers in Southern Forest Ecosystems provides a comprehensive analysis of forest management options to guide natural resource management in the face of future climate change. Topics include potential climate change impacts on wildfire, insects, diseases, and invasives, and how these in turn might affect the values of southern forests that include timber, fiber, and carbon; water quality and quantity; species and habitats; and recreation. The book also considers southern forest carbon sequestration, vulnerability to biological threats, and migration of native tree populations due to climate change. This book utilizes the most relevant science and brings together science experts and land managers from various disciplines and regions throughout the south to combine science, models, and on-the-ground experience to develop management options. Providing a link between current management actions and future management options that would anticipate a changing climate, the authors hope to ensure a broader range of options for managing southern forests and protecting their values in the future.
Author: Henry H. Gibson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Timber
Languages : en
Pages : 734
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Book Description
