Diseño y evaluación de un método para la estimación in situ de parámetros hidrológicos involucrados en los procesos de erosión hídrica PDF Download
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Author: Claudia Beatriz Sanguesa Pool
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
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En este estudio se diseñó y construyó un simulador de lluvia para una parcela de erosión de 2,5 x 1 m, con el objetivo de tener un instrumento que permita medir la pérdida de suelo in situ. El simulador construido consta de 4 aspersores del tipo Spray nozzles (boquillas de aspersión de cono lleno sistema Unijet), ubicados en línea, a 1 m de separación. Los aspersores fueron probados en laboratorio en cuanto a su uniformidad y posteriormente el simulador se probó en terreno con 3 diferentes pendientes: 11%, 21% y 39% (9 parcelas en total). La erosión se midió a través de clavos de erosión y del sedimento transportado por la escorrentía. Los aspersores en línea presentaron una uniformidad de 90%, con una intensidad de 124 mm h-1. Cada simulación duró entre 10 a 60 minutos, dependiendo del volumen de escorrentía generado, siendo decisivo el contenido de humedad inicial del suelo. Los valores de erosión medidos a través del transporte de sedimentos variaron entre 103 y 308 kg ha-1 h-1; mientras que con el método de los clavos de erosión se obtuvieron valores entre 6,3 y 61,0 ton ha-1, lo que muestra que hubo movimiento de las partículas del suelo, pero, la alta rugosidad del terreno disminuyó la capacidad de transporte de sedimentos de la escorrentía. A partir de las simulaciones se estimó el coeficiente de escorrentía, el que presentó un promedio de 0,19 para todas las parcelas, variando entre 0,01 y 0,46. El sitio 2 (21 % de pendiente) obtuvo el mayor valor (0,34). De la misma forma se calculó el número de curva para cada simulación, con un promedio global de 34,5, en que el sitio 1 (11 % de pendiente) tuvo el mayor valor (40,4). El simulador construido es una herramienta de fácil uso y de bajo costo, que permite realizar las repeticiones necesarias, para lograr una mayor representatividad espacial de los valores de pérdida de suelo.
Author: Claudia Beatriz Sanguesa Pool
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages :
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Book Description
En este estudio se diseñó y construyó un simulador de lluvia para una parcela de erosión de 2,5 x 1 m, con el objetivo de tener un instrumento que permita medir la pérdida de suelo in situ. El simulador construido consta de 4 aspersores del tipo Spray nozzles (boquillas de aspersión de cono lleno sistema Unijet), ubicados en línea, a 1 m de separación. Los aspersores fueron probados en laboratorio en cuanto a su uniformidad y posteriormente el simulador se probó en terreno con 3 diferentes pendientes: 11%, 21% y 39% (9 parcelas en total). La erosión se midió a través de clavos de erosión y del sedimento transportado por la escorrentía. Los aspersores en línea presentaron una uniformidad de 90%, con una intensidad de 124 mm h-1. Cada simulación duró entre 10 a 60 minutos, dependiendo del volumen de escorrentía generado, siendo decisivo el contenido de humedad inicial del suelo. Los valores de erosión medidos a través del transporte de sedimentos variaron entre 103 y 308 kg ha-1 h-1; mientras que con el método de los clavos de erosión se obtuvieron valores entre 6,3 y 61,0 ton ha-1, lo que muestra que hubo movimiento de las partículas del suelo, pero, la alta rugosidad del terreno disminuyó la capacidad de transporte de sedimentos de la escorrentía. A partir de las simulaciones se estimó el coeficiente de escorrentía, el que presentó un promedio de 0,19 para todas las parcelas, variando entre 0,01 y 0,46. El sitio 2 (21 % de pendiente) obtuvo el mayor valor (0,34). De la misma forma se calculó el número de curva para cada simulación, con un promedio global de 34,5, en que el sitio 1 (11 % de pendiente) tuvo el mayor valor (40,4). El simulador construido es una herramienta de fácil uso y de bajo costo, que permite realizar las repeticiones necesarias, para lograr una mayor representatividad espacial de los valores de pérdida de suelo.
Author: Commission for Environmental Cooperation (Montréal, Québec). Secretariat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
Author: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., an AECOM Company
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071508775
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1610
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Book Description
An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues. Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features: In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool • Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
Author: Mogens Henze
Publisher: IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Author: Marisol Manzano
Publisher: IGME
ISBN: 9788478405886
Category : Aquifers
Languages : en
Pages : 770
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Author: William McDonough
Publisher: North Point Press
ISBN: 1429973846
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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A manifesto for a radically different philosophy and practice of manufacture and environmentalism "Reduce, reuse, recycle" urge environmentalists; in other words, do more with less in order to minimize damage. But as this provocative, visionary book argues, this approach perpetuates a one-way, "cradle to grave" manufacturing model that dates to the Industrial Revolution and casts off as much as 90 percent of the materials it uses as waste, much of it toxic. Why not challenge the notion that human industry must inevitably damage the natural world? In fact, why not take nature itself as our model? A tree produces thousands of blossoms in order to create another tree, yet we do not consider its abundance wasteful but safe, beautiful, and highly effective; hence, "waste equals food" is the first principle the book sets forth. Products might be designed so that, after their useful life, they provide nourishment for something new-either as "biological nutrients" that safely re-enter the environment or as "technical nutrients" that circulate within closed-loop industrial cycles, without being "downcycled" into low-grade uses (as most "recyclables" now are). Elaborating their principles from experience (re)designing everything from carpeting to corporate campuses, William McDonough and Michael Braungart make an exciting and viable case for change.
Author: Eric Dinerstein
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Approach; Major ecosystem types, major habitat types, and ecoregions of LAC; Conservation status of terretrial ecoregions of LAC; Biological distinctiveness of territorial ecoregions of LAC at different biogeographic scales results; Integrating biological distinctiveness and conservation status; Conservation assessment of mangrove ecosystems.
Author: Richard W. Merritt
Publisher: Kendall Hunt
ISBN: 9780787232412
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 894
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Author: William R. Jordan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521337281
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Although interest in ecological restoration has grown rapidly in recent years, restoration efforts have been highly empirical and have therefore been of only marginal interest to theoretical ecologists concerned with the structure and dynamics of communities. The ability to reassemble a community or ecosystem and to make it function properly actually represents a critical test of ecological understanding in the most fundamental sense. It is this idea of restoration as a technique - and even a paradigm - for ecological studies, leading in turn to improved restoration methods, that is the subject of this book.
Author: Mark V. Hughes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sewage
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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