Diseño y desarrollo de membranas líquidas en procesos de separación de ácidos inorgánicos y metales de importancia estratégica PDF Download
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Author: María Muñoz Tapia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Author: María Muñoz Tapia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Author: Gabriel Miguel Cara Flores
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788449038044
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Los lantánidos constituyen un grupo de metales fascinante, con unas propiedades químicas muy similares. Aunque no es posible encontrarlos como constituyentes principales de los productos usados a diario, están detrás de toda la revolución tecnológica de la miniaturización electrónica actual. Debido a la similitud de sus propiedades químicas y de los procesos de formación de sus minerales, la separación de estos elementos ha constituido desde su descubrimiento un gran reto. Nuestro trabajo se enfoca en la búsqueda de métodos de separación empleando la extracción líquido-líquido en un soporte polimérico en formato tubular. Se escoge el neodimio como representante de los lantánidos y D2EHPA como agente extractante. Se estudian los parámetros que influyen en la cinética de su extracción empleando una membrana líquida de volumen. Se calculan las constantes de velocidad del transporte de neodimio y holmio a través de la membrana líquida. Se estudia la influencia del pH de la disolución cargada, la concentración inicial de metal y la presencia de una sustancia tampón en la disolución cargada que luego serán aplicados en las diversas configuraciones de membrana líquida estudiados. Se desarrolla un modulo de vidrio y PVDF con una membrana líquida soportada en una fibra hueca. Se emplea para conseguir la concentración de neodimio y en la separación de éste del holmio. Se analizan las características hidrodinámicas del sistema para maximizar el transporte empleando la permeabilidad como parámetro de seguimiento del transporte del metal. Se encuentra que para la misma velocidad lineal el transporte se ve más favorecido cuando el metal se transporta desde el interior hacia el exterior de la fibra hueca. Se observa que en las condiciones estudiadas el neodimio efectivamente se transporta mientras que el holmio se queda retenido en la membrana líquida. Con los parámetros anteriores se desarrolla un módulo concentrador en línea para determinar cantidades reducidas de neodimio en un sistema FIA. Se emplea el mismo lado de la membrana líquida soportada para la realización de los fenómenos de extracción y reextracción. Se alcanzan límites de detección del orden de 100 veces los límites atribuibles al sistema de determinación por sí solo. Es posible determinar neodimio en presencia de lantánidos pesados y algunos elementos como calcio, níquel, zinc, cobre y magnesio que también son extraidos habitualmente con D2EHPA. No es posible hacerlo cuando se trata de lantánidos del grupo de los ligeros y de hierro que presentan una interferencia muy elevada. Para poder evaluar la concentración de metal en las disoluciones acuosas, se emplearon dos métodos de análisis. Por una parte un sistema FIA con un método colorimétrico con ArsenazoIII que permite el análisis de muestras con un pH muy diferente entre ellas, gracias al uso de un canal neutralizador con un tampón. Por otra un sistema HPLC con una columna modificada dinámicamente con 01S y utilizando una fase reversa con HIBA, que permite el análisis de todos los elementos lantánidos en muestras que los contienen a todos ellos. Se aplica al análisis de muestras reales de mineral de bastnasita. Se desarrolla un módulo de vidrio con una membrana líquida de volumen, contenida en una fibra hueca, que permite la concentración y separación en continuo de tierras raras empleando D2EHPA como extractante. Se produce la recuperación efectiva en un alto grado de eficacia de neodimio incluso con tiempos cortos de contacto. En las condiciones estudiadas no es posible la separación de los diferentes lantánidos.
Author: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., an AECOM Company
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071508775
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1610
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Book Description
An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues. Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features: In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool • Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251091870
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity. In 2002, the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was introduced, which in addition to acute toxicity also provides classification of chemicals according to their chronic health hazards and environmental hazards.
Author: IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1900222787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Author: Mogens Henze
Publisher: IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Author: Peter Hall
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9780631199434
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
Cities of Tomorrow is a critical history of planning in theory and practice in the twentieth century, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Trenchant, perceptive, global in coverage, this book is an unrivalled account of its crucial subject. The third edition of Cities of Tomorrow is comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new literature published since its original appearance, and to view the 1990s in historical perspective. This is the definitive edition, reviewing the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth century.
Author: Mark V. Hughes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sewage
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author: Juan M. Lema
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780407866
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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Book Description
This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.
Author: P. Lambropoulos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642702007
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
The chapters of this volume represent the invited papers delivered at the 3rd International Conference on Multiphoton Processes (ICOMP III) held in Iraklion, Crete, Greece, September 5-11, 1984. The invited papers at a conference like ICOMP cannot possibly cover the whole field which has grown to immense proportions in recent years, overlapping with such diverse areas as atomic and molecular spectroscopy, plasma physics, nonlinear optics, quantum optics, etc. We believe these contributions represent that part of the research activity which has been attracting the most interest in the past year or so, as well as reviews of some of the more established topics. Even within this scope, and given the confines imposed by the fi nite duration of a conference, important and timely topics are inevitably left out. But then, there will be ICOMP IV. The collection of articles in this volume, combined with extensive ref erences to related work given by the authors, should provide an introduc tion to the major problems of the field and its state of the art. The chapters have been arranged according to thematic proximity, beginning with atoms, and continuing on with molecules and surfaces. This classi fication, however, would not cover all the subject matter even within the limited scope of the conference and of this volume.
