Diffusion MRI Analysis Techniques Inspired by the Preterm Infant Brain PDF Download
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Author: Brian Gregory Booth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a powerful imaging modality that allows us to non-invasively examine the organization and integrity of fibrous tissue, particularly the brain's white matter. The result of a dMRI scan is a 3D image where each voxel contains a model that describes the local diffusion pattern of water molecules. The complicated nature and high dimensionality of these voxel-wise models make dMRI analysis especially challenging. The challenges increase when we look at dMRI scans from infants born prematurely. The smaller brain size for these infants, and the still-emerging brain structures these infants possess, increase the challenges involved in processing, analyzing, and interpreting dMRI scans. This thesis introduces four computational contributions in the area of dMRI analysis that attempt to address challenges exacerbated when imaging the preterm infant brain. Specifically, these four contributions are: (a) the first information content estimators for unaltered dMRI data, including a mutual information estimator for image registration; (b) a novel dMRI segmentation algorithm based on a cross-sectional piecewise constant image model; (c) the first global, closed-form probabilistic tractography algorithm, one where tracts compete for space in the brain; and (d) STEAM: the first patient-specific statistical abnormality mapping technique. In these four contributions, we model the dMRI data more accurately in order to improve the accuracy of dMRI analysis techniques, particularly in the presence of the small brain sizes and still-emerging brain structures seen in preterm infant dMRI. We further make the source code for these contributions publicly available to aid in the reproducibility of our research.
Author: Brian Gregory Booth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a powerful imaging modality that allows us to non-invasively examine the organization and integrity of fibrous tissue, particularly the brain's white matter. The result of a dMRI scan is a 3D image where each voxel contains a model that describes the local diffusion pattern of water molecules. The complicated nature and high dimensionality of these voxel-wise models make dMRI analysis especially challenging. The challenges increase when we look at dMRI scans from infants born prematurely. The smaller brain size for these infants, and the still-emerging brain structures these infants possess, increase the challenges involved in processing, analyzing, and interpreting dMRI scans. This thesis introduces four computational contributions in the area of dMRI analysis that attempt to address challenges exacerbated when imaging the preterm infant brain. Specifically, these four contributions are: (a) the first information content estimators for unaltered dMRI data, including a mutual information estimator for image registration; (b) a novel dMRI segmentation algorithm based on a cross-sectional piecewise constant image model; (c) the first global, closed-form probabilistic tractography algorithm, one where tracts compete for space in the brain; and (d) STEAM: the first patient-specific statistical abnormality mapping technique. In these four contributions, we model the dMRI data more accurately in order to improve the accuracy of dMRI analysis techniques, particularly in the presence of the small brain sizes and still-emerging brain structures seen in preterm infant dMRI. We further make the source code for these contributions publicly available to aid in the reproducibility of our research.
Author: Susumu Mori
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123984076
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images and tractography results, the design of experiments, and the types of application studies that can be undertaken. Diffusion MRI is a very active field of research, and theories and techniques are constantly evolving. To make sense of this constantly shifting landscape, there is a need for a textbook that explains the concepts behind how these techniques work in a way that is easy and intuitive to understand—Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. Extensive use of illustrations to explain the concepts of diffusion tensor imaging and related methods Easy to understand, even without a background in physics Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design, and applications Up-to-date information on more recent higher-order models, which are increasingly being used for clinical applications
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Background and AimsPrematurity is often accompanied by neurodevelopmental impairments since occurs when brain is maturing rapidly and hence vulnerable to environmental stressors.Music can trigger neural substrates later implied in cognitive-socio-emotional functions and thus modulate neural networks affected by prematurity.We aimed to study the impact of a music intervention on structural brain development of premature infants.MethodsMRI with DTI sequence was performed in 15 full-term newborns and 30 preterm infants at term age: 15 exposed to music (PTM) during NICU stay and 15 without music exposition (PTC). A region of interest (ROI) method and u2028seed-based tractography analysis were used to derive white matter (WM) DTI measures. Additionally, amygdala segmentation was performed in T2-weighted images of the same subjects.ResultsConsidering the average of all 20 ROIs, mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower and mean diffusivity (MD) significantly higher in PTC vs full-term newborns, while these measures were not significantly different between full-term vs PTM. PTM evidenced a significantly higher FA in u201cecu201d ROI vs PTC.Tractography analysis of uncinate fasciculus evidenced a significantly higher FA in PTM vs PTC. FA in acoustic radiations was higher in PTM vs PTC and in interhemispheric auditory callosal fibers, FA was significantly lower and MD significantly higher in PTC vs full-term newborns, while these measures were not significantly different between full-term vs PTM.Regarding amygdala segmentation, PTC presented a significantly lower amygdala volume vs Full-term, whereas PTM a significantly higher amygdala volume vs PTC.ConclusionOverall, microstructural maturity was decreased in preterm at term vs full-term infants. Preterm exposed to music evidenced and improved WM maturation, namely in emotional processing neural pathways.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030910159X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 791
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Book Description
The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.
Author: John Bruer
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1439118744
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
Most parents today have accepted the message that the first three years of a baby's life determine whether or not the child will grow into a successful, thinking person. But is this powerful warning true? Do all the doors shut if baby's brain doesn't get just the right amount of stimulation during the first three years of life? Have discoveries from the new brain science really proved that parents are wholly responsible for their child's intellectual successes and failures alike? Are parents losing the "brain wars"? No, argues national expert John Bruer. In The Myth of the First Three Years he offers parents new hope by debunking our most popular beliefs about the all-or-nothing effects of early experience on a child's brain and development. Challenging the prevailing myth -- heralded by the national media, Head Start, and the White House -- that the most crucial brain development occurs between birth and age three, Bruer explains why relying on the zero to three standard threatens a child's mental and emotional well-being far more than missing a few sessions of toddler gymnastics. Too many parents, educators, and government funding agencies, he says, see these years as our main opportunity to shape a child's future. Bruer agrees that valid scientific studies do support the existence of critical periods in brain development, but he painstakingly shows that these same brain studies prove that learning and cognitive development occur throughout childhood and, indeed, one's entire life. Making hard science comprehensible for all readers, Bruer marshals the neurological and psychological evidence to show that children and adults have been hardwired for lifelong learning. Parents have been sold a bill of goods that is highly destructive because it overemphasizes infant and toddler nurturing to the detriment of long-term parental and educational responsibilities. The Myth of the First Three Years is a bold and controversial book because it urges parents and decision-makers alike to consider and debate for themselves the evidence for lifelong learning opportunities. But more than anything, this book spreads a message of hope: while there are no quick fixes, conscientious parents and committed educators can make a difference in every child's life, from infancy through childhood, and beyond.
Author: Michael E. Sughrue
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128136340
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
New Techniques for Management of 'Inoperable' Gliomas radically challenges the assumption that certain gliomas cannot be removed with modern techniques, contesting stereotypical thinking and establishing new paradigms in the field. Gliomas are primary brain tumors which are often fatal. Recent data has demonstrated that despite the fact that surgery cannot cure gliomas, patient survival is substantially improved by removing as much of the tumor as possible. This fact has raised the imperative that neurologists try to improve techniques to bring surgical resection to as many patients as possible. This book brings new insights and technologies to the forefront, giving hope to patients. Provides the first comprehensive book to discuss techniques for removing gliomas that are traditionally deemed ‘inoperable’ Presents a great reference tool that challenges stereotypical thinking by offering techniques by innovative surgeons Includes chapters that are organized by different glioma types and surgery/techniques
Author: Heidi Johansen-Berg
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124055095
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 627
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Book Description
Diffusion MRI remains the most comprehensive reference for understanding this rapidly evolving and powerful technology and is an essential handbook for designing, analyzing, and interpreting diffusion MR experiments. Diffusion imaging provides a unique window on human brain anatomy. This non-invasive technique continues to grow in popularity as a way to study brain pathways that could never before be investigated in vivo. This book covers the fundamental theory of diffusion imaging, discusses its most promising applications to basic and clinical neuroscience, and introduces cutting-edge methodological developments that will shape the field in coming years. Written by leading experts in the field, it places the exciting new results emerging from diffusion imaging in the context of classical anatomical techniques to show where diffusion studies might offer unique insights and where potential limitations lie. Fully revised and updated edition of the first comprehensive reference on a powerful technique in brain imaging Covers all aspects of a diffusion MRI study from acquisition through analysis to interpretation, and from fundamental theory to cutting-edge developments New chapters covering connectomics, advanced diffusion acquisition, artifact removal, and applications to the neonatal brain Provides practical advice on running an experiment Includes discussion of applications in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, and basic neuroscience Full color throughout
Author: A. James Barkovich
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1451153864
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 3865
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Book Description
The thoroughly updated Fifth Edition of Pediatric Neuroimaging is a highly illustrated text-reference that describes and illustrates the full range of pediatric disorders diagnosable by modern neuroimaging. Covering the diagnosis of brain, spinal, and head and neck disorders in the pediatric patient, the text is rooted in the principle that the proper interpretation of studies requires the acquisition of high-quality images and an understanding of the basic concepts of neuroembryology, normal development, and pathophysiology. Much coverage is given to the disorders seen in everyday practice. The emphasis is on CT and MRI, which are the optimal imaging modalities in children. The first two chapters describe useful imaging techniques in this patient population and the imaging manifestations of normal development, to distinguish that from manifestations of disease. The final ten chapters of the book are divided by groups of diseases, with numerous drawings and images that illuminate the underlying pathologic and embryologic/genetic bases of each disorder. The goal is provide a basic approach to groups of diseases, then offer detailed information about the clinical manifestations, underlying biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics and/or pathology of specific disorders. The book incorporates the essential concepts for obtaining good images and understanding normal development, which helps the reader to distinguish normal developmental changes from disease
Author: Kenichi Oishi
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123820820
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
MRI Atlas of Human White Matter presents an atlas to the human brain on the basis of T 1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. A general background on magnetic resonance imaging is provided, as well as the basics of diffusion tensor imaging. An overview of the principles and limitations in using this methodology in fiber tracking is included. This book describes the core white-matter structures, as well as the superficial white matter, the deep gray matter, and the cortex. It also presents a three-dimensional reconstruction and atlas of the brain white-matter tracts. The Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates, which are the most widely used, are adopted in this book as the primary coordinate system. The Talairach coordinate system is used as the secondary coordinate system. Based on magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, the book offers a full segmentation of 220 white-matter and gray-matter structures with boundaries. Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to function Full segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, and connectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlases
Author: Yvonne Ruth Burns
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781875401130
Category : Child development
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
