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Author: Difrine Madara
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 334631152X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Other International Politics Topics, grade: A, Kenyatta University, language: English, abstract: Many scholars consider the Marshall Plan as the most successful foreign policy initiative in the U.S history. In the recent past, the term has been used as a campaign tool for American foreign policy abroad. Since the end of Germany’s Marshall Plan in the 1950s, none of the subsequent economic recovery plans have had similar levels of impact. On June 5, 1947, the secretary of state General George C Marshall suggested that United States provide economic aid to assist Europe in recovering from the devastation of World War II. The Congress appropriated $13.3 billion (more than $100 billion in today's dollars) to be used over four years to reconstruct Europe. This plan is considered successful in Europe, especially in Germany, where it significantly boosted economic growth. Consequently, future administrations adopted similar approaches in an attempt to stimulate economies abroad. The most recent similar plan is the George W Bush reconstruction plan for Iraq. The ‘Marshall Plan’ for Iraq failed to spark similar success like in Germany in the 1950s. Arkes (2015) intimated that the failure of Iraq’s ‘Marshall Plan’ can be attributed to differences in political, economic, and security conditions. In this section, we critically review the Marshall Plan as a model of reconstruction aid by comparing the conditions and outcomes in Germany and Iraq.
Author: Difrine Madara
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 334631152X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 25
Get Book Here
Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Other International Politics Topics, grade: A, Kenyatta University, language: English, abstract: Many scholars consider the Marshall Plan as the most successful foreign policy initiative in the U.S history. In the recent past, the term has been used as a campaign tool for American foreign policy abroad. Since the end of Germany’s Marshall Plan in the 1950s, none of the subsequent economic recovery plans have had similar levels of impact. On June 5, 1947, the secretary of state General George C Marshall suggested that United States provide economic aid to assist Europe in recovering from the devastation of World War II. The Congress appropriated $13.3 billion (more than $100 billion in today's dollars) to be used over four years to reconstruct Europe. This plan is considered successful in Europe, especially in Germany, where it significantly boosted economic growth. Consequently, future administrations adopted similar approaches in an attempt to stimulate economies abroad. The most recent similar plan is the George W Bush reconstruction plan for Iraq. The ‘Marshall Plan’ for Iraq failed to spark similar success like in Germany in the 1950s. Arkes (2015) intimated that the failure of Iraq’s ‘Marshall Plan’ can be attributed to differences in political, economic, and security conditions. In this section, we critically review the Marshall Plan as a model of reconstruction aid by comparing the conditions and outcomes in Germany and Iraq.
Author: James Dobbins
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833034863
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The post-World War II occupations of Germany and Japan set standards for postconflict nation-building that have not since been matched. Only in recent years has the United States has felt the need to participate in similar transformations, but it is now facing one of the most challenging prospects since the 1940s: Iraq. The authors review seven case studies--Germany, Japan, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan--and seek lessons about what worked well and what did not. Then, they examine the Iraq situation in light of these lessons. Success in Iraq will require an extensive commitment of financial, military, and political resources for a long time. The United States cannot afford to contemplate early exit strategies and cannot afford to leave the job half completed.
Author: Kamran Mofid
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134939655
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
The Iran-Iraq War were one of the longest and most devastating uninterrupted wars amongst modern nation states. It produced neither victor nor vanquished and left the regimes in both countries basically intact. However, it is clear that the domestic, regional and international repercussions of the war mean that 'going back' is not an option. Iraq owes too much to regain the lead it formerly held in economic performance and development levels. What then does reconstruction mean? In this book, Kamran Mofid counteracts the scant analysis to date of the economic consequences of the Gulf War by analysing its impact on both economies in terms of oil production, exports, foreign exchange earnings, non-defence foreign trade and agricultural performance. In the final section, Mofid brings together the component parts of the economic cost of the war to assign a dollar value to the devastation.
Author: William Revill Kerr
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080442005
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Tourism Public Policy, and the Strategic Management of Failure.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Author: Hideki Matsunaga
Publisher: Mena Development Report
ISBN: 9781464813900
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Beginning in 2003, diverse and significant actors, both domestic and international, engaged in reconstruction activities in Iraq. The total budget committed to Iraq's reconstruction was unprecedented among postconflict operations mobilized by the international community. Despite the vast sums of money spent, and the implementation of its many projects and programs, the donors and the Iraqi people view the reconstruction efforts in Iraq in a negative light. The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003: Learning from Its Successes and Failures focuses on the period between 2003 and 2014--that is, after the United States+"led invasion and overthrow of the Saddam Hussein regime, and before the sudden rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as Daesh. This book assesses several dimensions of Iraq's reconstruction. First, it considers the response of key international actors, such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the United States, and other bilateral donors--specifically, the European Union, Japan, and the United Kingdom--as well as nongovernmental organizations. Second, it analyzes the process and results of the reconstruction of key sectors (electricity, oil, education, and health), and the interventions geared to institution building and governance reform. Pursuing effective reconstruction within the context of conflict and fragility is a formidable challenge because of the uncertain, fluid, and complex environment. Based on the experience in Iraq, how can the international community support the effectiveness and durability of reconstruction? This book identifies lessons in seven areas and offers four recommendations for international and domestic actors and citizens engaged in reconstruction activities. The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003 is important reading for development practitioners and policy makers who are or will be engaged in reconstruction efforts in fragile and conflict-affected environments.
Author: National Intelligence Council
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
ISBN: 9781646794973
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Author: Eliot A. Cohen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Persian Gulf Region
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Author: National Defense University (U S )
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
On August 24-25, 2010, the National Defense University held a conference titled “Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security?” to explore the economic element of national power. This special collection of selected papers from the conference represents the view of several keynote speakers and participants in six panel discussions. It explores the complexity surrounding this subject and examines the major elements that, interacting as a system, define the economic component of national security.
