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Author: Bryce Dutcher
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339054704
Category : Amines
Languages : en
Pages : 171
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Book Description
Strong evidence exists suggesting that anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have been contributing to global climate change. Because of this, it becomes imperative to mitigate anthropogenic CO2. Unfortunately, the best available current technology for CO2 capture, amine scrubbing, is a costly operation due to the energy required for regeneration of the amine. Solid Na2CO3 is considered a potential alternative to amine scrubbing due to its low heat of reaction, but it is not commercially viable due to its low reaction rates for both CO2 sorption and desorption. In order to increase the reaction rate, this project studied nanoporous FeOOH and TiO(OH)2 as supporting materials for Na2CO3. Because regeneration of the sorbent is the most energy-intensive step when using Na2CO3 for CO2 sorption, this project focused on the decomposition of NaHCO3, which is equivalent to CO2 desorption. FeOOH and TiO(OH)2 are shown to be thermally stable with and without the presence of NaHCO3 at temperatures necessary for sorption and regeneration, up to about 200°C. More significantly, it is observed that these supports not only increase the surface area of NaHCO3, but they also have a catalytic effect on the decomposition of NaHCO3. For example, the rate constant for the decomposition of NaHCO3 at 120 °C is increased from 0.02 min-1 without a support to 0.46 min-1 with 50 wt.% FeOOH and 0.39 min-1 with 50 wt.% TiO(OH)2. The activation energy is reduced from 80 kJ/mol without a support to 44 kJ/mol with 50 wt.% FeOOH and to 35 kJ/mol with 50 wt.% TiO(OH)2. This increase in reaction rate could translate into a substantial decrease in the cost of using Na2CO3 for CO2 capture. Amine-functionalized sorbents, like solid Na2CO3, have potentially lower energy requirements than aqueous amines due to the absence of bulk water, and they retain many of the advantages of aqueous amines such as high reaction rates and high CO2 capacity. Here, the structure and stability of a recently developed amine functionalized silica sorbent is investigated.
Author: Bryce Dutcher
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339054704
Category : Amines
Languages : en
Pages : 171
Get Book Here
Book Description
Strong evidence exists suggesting that anthropogenic emissions of CO2 have been contributing to global climate change. Because of this, it becomes imperative to mitigate anthropogenic CO2. Unfortunately, the best available current technology for CO2 capture, amine scrubbing, is a costly operation due to the energy required for regeneration of the amine. Solid Na2CO3 is considered a potential alternative to amine scrubbing due to its low heat of reaction, but it is not commercially viable due to its low reaction rates for both CO2 sorption and desorption. In order to increase the reaction rate, this project studied nanoporous FeOOH and TiO(OH)2 as supporting materials for Na2CO3. Because regeneration of the sorbent is the most energy-intensive step when using Na2CO3 for CO2 sorption, this project focused on the decomposition of NaHCO3, which is equivalent to CO2 desorption. FeOOH and TiO(OH)2 are shown to be thermally stable with and without the presence of NaHCO3 at temperatures necessary for sorption and regeneration, up to about 200°C. More significantly, it is observed that these supports not only increase the surface area of NaHCO3, but they also have a catalytic effect on the decomposition of NaHCO3. For example, the rate constant for the decomposition of NaHCO3 at 120 °C is increased from 0.02 min-1 without a support to 0.46 min-1 with 50 wt.% FeOOH and 0.39 min-1 with 50 wt.% TiO(OH)2. The activation energy is reduced from 80 kJ/mol without a support to 44 kJ/mol with 50 wt.% FeOOH and to 35 kJ/mol with 50 wt.% TiO(OH)2. This increase in reaction rate could translate into a substantial decrease in the cost of using Na2CO3 for CO2 capture. Amine-functionalized sorbents, like solid Na2CO3, have potentially lower energy requirements than aqueous amines due to the absence of bulk water, and they retain many of the advantages of aqueous amines such as high reaction rates and high CO2 capacity. Here, the structure and stability of a recently developed amine functionalized silica sorbent is investigated.
Author: Wei-Yin Chen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781441979926
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2130
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Book Description
There is a mounting consensus that human behavior is changing the global climate and its consequence could be catastrophic. Reducing the 24 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions from stationary and mobile sources is a gigantic task involving both technological challenges and monumental financial and societal costs. The pursuit of sustainable energy resources, environment, and economy has become a complex issue of global scale that affects the daily life of every citizen of the world. The present mitigation activities range from energy conservation, carbon-neutral energy conversions, carbon advanced combustion process that produce no greenhouse gases and that enable carbon capture and sequestion, to other advanced technologies. From its causes and impacts to its solutions, the issues surrounding climate change involve multidisciplinary science and technology. This handbook will provide a single source of this information. The book will be divided into the following sections: Scientific Evidence of Climate Change and Societal Issues, Impacts of Climate Change, Energy Conservation, Alternative Energies, Advanced Combustion, Advanced Technologies, and Education and Outreach.
Author: De-en Jiang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119091179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Covers a wide range of advanced materials and technologies for CO2 capture As a frontier research area, carbon capture has been a major driving force behind many materials technologies. This book highlights the current state-of-the-art in materials for carbon capture, providing a comprehensive understanding of separations ranging from solid sorbents to liquid sorbents and membranes. Filled with diverse and unconventional topics throughout, it seeks to inspire students, as well as experts, to go beyond the novel materials highlighted and develop new materials with enhanced separations properties. Edited by leading authorities in the field, Materials for Carbon Capture offers in-depth chapters covering: CO2 Capture and Separation of Metal-Organic Frameworks; Porous Carbon Materials: Designed Synthesis and CO2 Capture; Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture; and Virtual Screening of Materials for Carbon Capture. Other chapters look at Ultrathin Membranes for Gas Separation; Polymeric Membranes; Carbon Membranes for CO2 Separation; and Composite Materials for Carbon Captures. The book finishes with sections on Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers for Carbon Capture and Ionic Liquids for Chemisorption of CO2 and Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes. A comprehensive overview and survey of the present status of materials and technologies for carbon capture Covers materials synthesis, gas separations, membrane fabrication, and CO2 removal to highlight recent progress in the materials and chemistry aspects of carbon capture Allows the reader to better understand the challenges and opportunities in carbon capture Edited by leading experts working on materials and membranes for carbon separation and capture Materials for Carbon Capture is an excellent book for advanced students of chemistry, materials science, chemical and energy engineering, and early career scientists who are interested in carbon capture. It will also be of great benefit to researchers in academia, national labs, research institutes, and industry working in the field of gas separations and carbon capture.
Author: Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128227583
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 574
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Book Description
Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints. - Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations - Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies - Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture
Author: Dursun Can Ozcan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Author: Shin-ichi Nakao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030188582
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
This book summarises the advanced CO2 capture technologies that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially those from large-scale sources, such as power-generation and steel-making plants. Focusing on the fundamental chemistry and chemical processes, as well as advanced technologies, including absorption and adsorption, it also discusses other aspects of the major CO2 capture methods: membrane separation; the basic chemistry and process for CO2 capture; the development of materials and processes; and practical applications, based on the authors’ R&D experience. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for researchers, teachers and students interested in CO2 problems, providing essential information on how to capture CO2 from various types of gases efficiently. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as it discusses the performance of the latest technologies applied in large-scale emission sources.
Author: Paul Webley
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789811018626
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive work to focus exclusively on the use of adsorbents and adsorption processes to capture and recover carbon dioxide from a large variety of process and waste streams. The book also serves as an essential point of entry for researchers new to the field as well as a reference source for more experienced researchers. The topic of carbon dioxide capture is of great importance in the push to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate global warming. The book compiles the available data gathered on adsorbents to date and shows how adsorbents can be and already are used in various processes. Carbon dioxide capture by adsorption is also one of the key focus items in carbon capture and storage. The full range of adsorption processes and the most recent advances in the field are covered.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
An innovative, low-cost, and low-energy-consuming carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technology was developed, based on CO2adsorption on a high-capacity and durable carbon sorbent. This report describes the (1) performance of the concept on a bench-scale system; (2) results of parametric tests to determine the optimum operating conditions; (3) results of the testing with a flue gas from coal-fired boilers; and (4) evaluation of the technical and economic viability of the technology. The process uses a falling bed of carbon sorbent microbeads to separate the flue gas into two streams: a CO2 -lean flue gas stream from which> 90% of the CP2 is removed and a pure stream of CO2 that is ready for compression and sequestration. The carbo sorbent microbeads have several unique properties such as high CO2 capacity, low heat of adsorption and desorption (25 to 28 kJ/mole), mechanically robust, and rapid adsorption and desorption rates. The capture of CO2 from the flue gas is performed at near ambient temperatures in whic the sorbent microbeads flow down by gravity counter-current with the up-flow of the flue gas. The adsorbed CO2 is stripped by heating the CO2-loaded sorbent to - 100°C, in contact with low-pressure ( - 5 psig) steam in a section at the bottom of the adsorber. The regenerated sorben is dehydrated of adsorbed moisture, cooled, and lifted back to the adsorber. The CO2 from the desorber is essentially pure and can be dehydrated, compressed, and transported to a sequestration site. Bench-scale tests using a simulated flue gas showed that the integrated system can be operated to provide> 90% CO2 capture from a 15% CO2 stream in the adsorber and produce> 98% CO2 at the outlet of the stripper. Long-term tests (1,000 cycles) showed that the system can be operated reliably without sorbent agglomeration or attrition. The bench-scale reactor was also operated using a flue gas stream from a coal-fired boil at the University of Toledo campus for about 135 h, comprising 7,000 cycles of adsorption and desorption using the desulfurized flue gas that contained only 4.5% v/v CO2. A capture efficiency of 85 to 95% CO2 was achieved under steady-state conditi ons. The CO2 adsorption capacity did not change significantly during the field test, as determined from the CO2 adsorptio isotherms of fresh and used sorbents. The process is also being tested using the flue gas from a PC-fired power plant at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC), Wilsonville, AL. The cost of electricity was calculated for CO2 capture using the carbon sorbent and compared with the no-CO2 capture and CO2 capture with an amine-based system. The increase i the levelized cost of electricity (L-COE) is about 37% for CO2 capture using the carbon sorbent in comparison to 80% for an amine-based system, demonstrating the economic advantage of C capture using the carbon sorbent. The 37% increase in the L-COE corresponds to a cost of capture of $30/ton of CO2, including compression costs, capital cost for the capture system, and increased plant operating and capital costs to make up for reduced plant efficiency. Preliminary sensitivity analyses showed capital costs, pressure drops in the adsorber, and steam requirement for the regenerator are the major variables in determining the cost of CO2 capture. The results indicate that further long-term testing with a flue gas from a pulverized coal fired boiler should be performed to obtain additional data relating to the effects of flue gas contaminants, the ability to reduce pressure drop by using alternate structural packing, and the use of low-cost construction materials.
Author: Yongseung Yun
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535130056
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been considered as a practical way in sequestering the huge anthropogenic CO2 amount with a reasonable cost until a more pragmatic solution appears. The CCS can work as a bridge before fulfilling the no-CO2 era of the future by applying to large-scale CO2 emitting facilities. But CCS appears to lose some passion by the lack of progress in technical developments and in commercial success stories other than EOR. This is the time to go back to basics, starting from finding a solution in small steps. The CCS technology desperately needs far newer ideas and breakthroughs that can overcome earlier attempts through improving, modifying, and switching the known principles. This book tries to give some insight into developing an urgently needed technical breakthrough through the recent advances in CCS research, in addition to the available small steps like soil carbon sequestration. This book provides the fundamental and practical information for researchers and graduate students who want to review the current technical status and to bring in new ideas to the conventional CCS technologies.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309305322
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
