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Author: Lori Shefchik Bhaskar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
I provide theory-based causal evidence on the effects of risk-based regulatory inspections, modeled after the PCAOB's, on auditor behavior in a multi-client setting where clients with relatively higher misstatement risk (“higher-risk” clients) have a higher risk of being inspected than clients with relatively lower misstatement risk (“lower-risk” clients). I predict and find inspections increase auditor effort, but only for higher-risk clients. Inspections impair auditors' decision performance for lower-risk clients relative to a regime without inspections and relative to higher-risk clients within an inspections regime, ceteris paribus. Theory-based process model results show inspections increase auditors' perceived inspection risks, which increase auditor effort for higher-risk clients, but also increase auditors' task-related anxiety resulting in decreased decision performance for lower-risk clients. Notwithstanding the previously-identified benefits, this study identifies potential unintended consequences of riskbased regulatory inspections.
Author: Lori Shefchik Bhaskar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
I provide theory-based causal evidence on the effects of risk-based regulatory inspections, modeled after the PCAOB's, on auditor behavior in a multi-client setting where clients with relatively higher misstatement risk (“higher-risk” clients) have a higher risk of being inspected than clients with relatively lower misstatement risk (“lower-risk” clients). I predict and find inspections increase auditor effort, but only for higher-risk clients. Inspections impair auditors' decision performance for lower-risk clients relative to a regime without inspections and relative to higher-risk clients within an inspections regime, ceteris paribus. Theory-based process model results show inspections increase auditors' perceived inspection risks, which increase auditor effort for higher-risk clients, but also increase auditors' task-related anxiety resulting in decreased decision performance for lower-risk clients. Notwithstanding the previously-identified benefits, this study identifies potential unintended consequences of riskbased regulatory inspections.
Author: Martha Lawrence
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814252
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
Over the past decade, China has built 25,000 km of dedicated highspeed railway—more than the rest of the world combined. What can we learn from this remarkable experience? China’s High-Speed Rail Development examines the Chinese experience to draw lessons for countries considering investing in high-speed rail. The report scrutinizes the planning and delivery mechanisms that enabled the rapid construction of the high-speed rail system. It highlights the role of long-term planning, consistent plan execution, and a joint venture structure that ensures active participation of provincial and local governments in project planning and financing. Traffic on China’s high-speed trains has grown to 1.7 billion passengers a year. The study examines the characteristics of the markets for which high-speed rail is competitive in China. It discusses the pricing and service design considerations that go into making high-speed rail services competitive with other modes and factors such as good urban connectivity that make the service attractive to customers. One of the most remarkable aspects of the Chinese experience is the rapid pace of high-quality construction. The report looks at the role of strong capacity development within and cooperation among China Railway Corporation, rail manufacturers, universities, research institutions, laboratories, and engineering centers that allowed for rapid technological advancement and localization of technology. It describes the project delivery structures and incentives for delivering quality and timely results. Finally, the report analyzes the financial and economic sustainability of the investment in high-speed rail. It finds that a developing country can price high-speed rail services affordably and still achieve financial viability, but this requires very high passenger density. Economic viability similarly depends on high passenger density.
Author: Daniel Pulido
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 146481273X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 845
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Book Description
Cities across the globe are looking to develop affordable, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible transportation solutions that can meet the accessibility needs of expanding metropolitan populations and support future economic and urban development. When appropriately planned and properly implemented as part of a larger public transportation network, urban rail systems can provide rapid mobility and vital access to city centers from surrounding districts. High-performing urban rail services, when carefully approached as development projects, can help enhance quality of life by giving citizens access to employment opportunities, essential services, urban amenities, and neighboring communities. The purpose of this Handbook is to synthesize and disseminate knowledge to inform the planning, implementation, and operations of urban rail projects with a view towards: -- Emphasizing the need for early studies and project planning; -- Making projects more sustainable (economically, socially, and environmentally); -- Improving socioeconomic returns and access to opportunities for users; -- Maximizing the value of private participation, where appropriate; and -- Building capacity within project implementing and managing institutions This Handbook provides experiential advice to tackle the technical, institutional, and financial challenges faced by decision makers considering urban rail projects. It brings together the expertise of World Bank staff and the input of numerous specialists to synthesize international 'good practices' and recommendations that are independent of commercial, financial political, or other interests. The material presented is intended as an honest-broker guide to maximize the impact and manage the challenges of urban rail systems in cities in both developed and developing countries. Rather than identify a single approach, this Handbook acknowledges the complexities and context necessary when approaching an urban rail development by helping to prepare decision makers to ask the right questions, consider the key issues, perform the necessary studies, apply adequate tools, and learn from international good practice all at the right time in the project development process.
Author: Ken Skorseth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gravel roads
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.
Author: United States. Federal Railroad Administration. Office of Safety
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Railroad accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309258243
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 695
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Book Description
TCRP report 155 provides guidelines and descriptions for the design of various common types of light rail transit (LRT) track. The track structure types include ballasted track, direct fixation ("ballastless") track, and embedded track. The report considers the characteristics and interfaces of vehicle wheels and rail, tracks and wheel gauges, rail sections, alignments, speeds, and track moduli. The report includes chapters on vehicles, alignment, track structures, track components, special track work, aerial structures/bridges, corrosion control, noise and vibration, signals, traction power, and the integration of LRT track into urban streets.
Author: United States. Department of Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Freight cars
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Interborough Rapid Transit Company
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Local transit
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author: Federal Highway Administration
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Tunnels represent a significant financial investment with challenging design, construction, and operational issues. Tunnels that are not adequately maintained usually require more costly and extensive repairs. To help safeguard tunnel users and to ensure reliable levels of service, the FHWA developed the National Tunnel Inspection Standards (NTIS), the Tunnel Operations Maintenance Inspection and Evaluation (TOMIE) Manual, and the Specifications for National Tunnel Inventory (SNTI). In accordance with the NTIS, this Manual describes methods for improving the safety and performance of roadway tunnel operation, maintenance, inspection, and evaluation programs.
Author: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roads
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
