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Author: Katherine Marie Bovee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Abstract: Increasingly stringent government regulations and the rising price of oil are causing automotive manufactures to develop vehicles capable of obtaining higher fuel economies and lower emissions. To achieve these goals, automotive manufactures have been developing hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that use both electricity and petroleum based fuels as their power sources. The additional power the vehicle receives from the high voltage batteries and the electric machines allow automotive manufacturers to downsize the engine inside of the vehicle. Vehicles with smaller engines are able to obtain a higher overall fuel economy because the smaller engine is able to operate at its more efficient high load operating points more frequently.
Author: Katherine Marie Bovee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Abstract: Increasingly stringent government regulations and the rising price of oil are causing automotive manufactures to develop vehicles capable of obtaining higher fuel economies and lower emissions. To achieve these goals, automotive manufactures have been developing hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that use both electricity and petroleum based fuels as their power sources. The additional power the vehicle receives from the high voltage batteries and the electric machines allow automotive manufacturers to downsize the engine inside of the vehicle. Vehicles with smaller engines are able to obtain a higher overall fuel economy because the smaller engine is able to operate at its more efficient high load operating points more frequently.
Author: Mehrdad Ehsani
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429998244
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
"This book is an introduction to automotive technology, with specic reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. It could serve electrical engineers who need to know more about automobiles or automotive engineers who need to know about electrical propulsion systems. For example, this reviewer, who is a specialist in electric machinery, could use this book to better understand the automobiles for which the reviewer is designing electric drive motors. An automotive engineer, on the other hand, might use it to better understand the nature of motors and electric storage systems for application in automobiles, trucks or motorcycles. The early chapters of the book are accessible to technically literate people who need to know something about cars. While the rst chapter is historical in nature, the second chapter is a good introduction to automobiles, including dynamics of propulsion and braking. The third chapter discusses, in some detail, spark ignition and compression ignition (Diesel) engines. The fourth chapter discusses the nature of transmission systems.” —James Kirtley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA “The third edition covers extensive topics in modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented. Featured with design of various vehicle drivetrains, as well as a multi-objective optimization software, it is an estimable work to meet the needs of automotive industry.” —Haiyan Henry Zhang, Purdue University, USA “The extensive combined experience of the authors have produced an extensive volume covering a broad range but detailed topics on the principles, design and architectures of Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a well-structured, clear and concise manner. The volume offers a complete overview of technologies, their selection, integration & control, as well as an interesting Technical Overview of the Toyota Prius. The technical chapters are complemented with example problems and user guides to assist the reader in practical calculations through the use of common scientic computing packages. It will be of interest mainly to research postgraduates working in this eld as well as established academic researchers, industrial R&D engineers and allied professionals.” —Christopher Donaghy-Sparg, Durham University, United Kingdom The book deals with the fundamentals, theoretical bases, and design methodologies of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The design methodology is described in mathematical terms, step-by-step, and the topics are approached from the overall drive train system, not just individual components. Furthermore, in explaining the design methodology of each drive train, design examples are presented with simulation results. All the chapters have been updated, and two new chapters on Mild Hybrids and Optimal Sizing and Dimensioning and Control are also included • Chapters updated throughout the text. • New homework problems, solutions, and examples. • Includes two new chapters. • Features accompanying MATLABTM software.
Author: Joeri Van Mierlo
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039214535
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. This book is based on the Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences on “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)”. This collection of research articles includes topics such as novel propulsion systems, emerging power electronics and their control algorithms, emerging electric machines and control techniques, energy storage systems, including BMS, and efficient energy management strategies for hybrid propulsion, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technologies, and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems.
Author: Rui Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The powertrain design and control strategies for three representative hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV/PHEVs), a plug-in hybrid passenger car, a plug-in hybrid race car, and a hybrid electric mining truck, have been investigated through the system modeling, simulation and design optimization. First, the pre-transmission gen-set couple Plug-in Series-Parallel Multi-Regime (SPMR) powertrain architecture was selected for PHEV passenger car. Rule-based load following control schemes based on engine optimal control strategy and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) were used for the operation control of the passenger car PHEV powertrain. Secondly, the rear wheel drive (RWD) post-transmission parallel through road powertrain architecture was selected for race car PHEV. A high level supervisory control system and ECMS control strategy have been developed and implemented through the race car's on-board embedded controller using dSPACE MicroAutobox II. In addition, longitudinal adaptive traction control has been added to the vehicle controller for improved drivability and acceleration performance. At last, the feasibility and benefits of powertrain hybridization for heavy-duty mining truck have been investigated, and three hybrid powertrain architectures, series, parallel and diesel-electric, with weight adjusting propulsion system have been modeled and studied. The research explored the common and distinct characteristics of hybrid electric propulsion system technology for different vehicular applications, and formed the foundation for further research and development.
Author: Teresa Donateo
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535132970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
This book on hybrid electric vehicles brings out six chapters on some of the research activities through the wide range of current issues on hybrid electric vehicles. The first section deals with two interesting applications of HEVs, namely, urban buses and heavy duty working machines. The second one groups papers related to the optimization of the electricity flows in a hybrid electric vehicle, starting from the optimization of recharge in PHEVs through advance storage systems, new motor technologies, and integrated starter-alternator technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the technologies used in HEVs is beyond the aim of the book. However, the content of this volume can be useful to scientists and students to broaden their knowledge of technologies and application of hybrid electric vehicles.
Author: Guilin Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mechanical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
The EcoCAR3 project is a four-year competition sponsored by General Motors and the U.S. Department of Energy challenging 16 universities teams to reengineer a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro to be a performance plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A pre-transmission (P2) without clutch parallel architecture was chosen by Wayne State University EcoCAR3 team in Year 3. The parallel PHEV architecture was modeled by using MATLAB, Simulink and Stateflow for the MIL and SIL environment which was used to test different control strategies. To efficiently distribute the power between engine and electric motor and assess component and system statuses, a hybrid supervisory controller was developed to safely control the interactions between powertrain components. The thesis details the development of hybrid supervisory controller with emphasis on energy management strategy, a fault diagnosis strategy for safety critical system is also presented in the thesis. A rule-based control strategy is developed to efficiently control hybrid powertrain components in four different operating modes. An optimization based control strategy is then developed to find appropriate torque split between engine and electric motor to reduce the energy consumption in the charge sustaining mode, compared to rule-based control strategy, the optimization based controller effectively reduce the energy consumption on simulated drive cycles.
Author: Bo Gu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hybrid electric vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Abstract: As crude oil price rises, the advantages of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) are more and more attractive to the automotive industry and customers. The work of this thesis is aimed toward the Ohio State University's objective as a participant in the Challenge X competition. During the first year of this three-year project, the vehicle architecture is carefully chosen. Vehicle modeling, simulation and control algorithm designs are partially completed. This thesis covers work completed in the second year -- further improving the supervisory control strategy and its application in a microcontroller system. In the first two chapters, HEV technologies and designs are reviewed. Advantages of HEV are outlined and how such advantages can be achieved is explained. The Challenge X architecture is then introduced. Current control algorithms for HEV are reviewed. In Chapter 3, a quasi-static model of HEV is introduced. In the quasi-static model, the dynamics of the powertrain are not considered. Instead, most of components of the powertrain are simplified as maps. Such approach provides acceptable approximation of vehicle for designing the supervisory control algorithms for energy management, and for further optimization. Novel energy management algorithms are introduced in Chapters 4 and 5. A 3-way Equivalent (fuel) Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS), a P1 State-of-Charge management algorithm and an adaptive version of ECMS based on driving pattern recognition are introduced. ECMS provides real-time near-optimal energy management decisions by minimizing the "equivalent" fuel consumption, which is a combination of the actual fuel consumption and electrical energy use. An equivalence factor converts electrical power consumption into fuel consumption, based on the average efficiency of the battery in discharge/recharge and the efficiencies of electric motors and other devices. A driving pattern recognition method is used to obtain better estimation of the equivalence factor. Eighteen standard driving cycles provided by the Environmental Protection Agency are analyzed. Twenty one different cycle-characterizing quantities, such as average, peak and rms velocity, are extracted. Using the ideas of Principal Component Analysis and of statistical clustering, 18 driving cycles are classified into four Representative Driving Patterns (RDP), such as urban and highway. While the vehicle is running, a time window of past driving conditions is analyzed periodically and recognized as one of the four RDPs. Periodically updating the control parameter according to the driving conditions yields more precise estimation of the equivalent fuel consumption cost, thus providing better fuel economy. Besides minimizing the instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption, the battery State of Charge (SOC) is also maintained by using a P1 controller to keep the SOC around a nominal value. Such control algorithm does not require the knowledge of future driving cycles and has a low additional computational burden. Results obtained in this research shows that the driving conditions can be successfully recognized and good performance can be achieved in various driving conditions while sustaining battery Soc within desired limits. chapter 6 focuses on how to convert the control algorithm applied in the simulator into real-time implementation in the microcontroller systems. A set of 6 dimensional maps is generated and stored for real-time application, according to the computation limitation of the microcontroller. Simulation results show that real-time solution based on look-up tables have similar results as those provided by instantaneous calculation. Therefore the microcontroller system version of supervisory control strategy is acceptable for implementation. The contributions of this thesis extend previous research conducted at the OSU center for Automotive Research, and include: the successful implementation of 3-way ECMS control strategy in the challenge x vehicle; the design of the new adaptive-EcMS; and the implementation of supervisory control strategy in the microcontroller systems. A PDF copy of this thesis with color figures is available from the center for Automotive Research, the Ohio State University. It is also available from gu.4Oosu.edu upon request.
Author: Amir Taghavipour
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030003140
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles presents the development of real-time intelligent control systems for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which involves control-oriented modelling, controller design, and performance evaluation. The controllers outlined in the book take advantage of advances in vehicle communications technologies, such as global positioning systems, intelligent transportation systems, geographic information systems, and other on-board sensors, in order to provide look-ahead trip data. The book contains simple and efficient models and fast optimization algorithms for the devised controllers to address the challenge of real-time implementation in the design of complex control systems. Using the look-ahead trip information, the authors of the book propose intelligent optimal model-based control systems to minimize the total energy cost, for both grid-derived electricity and fuel. The multilayer intelligent control system proposed consists of trip planning, an ecological cruise controller, and a route-based energy management system. An algorithm that is designed to take advantage of previewed trip information to optimize battery depletion profiles is presented in the book. Different control strategies are compared and ways in which connecting vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle communication can improve system performance are detailed. Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles is a useful source of information for postgraduate students and researchers in academic institutions participating in automotive research activities. Engineers and designers working in research and development for automotive companies will also find this book of interest. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, possibly at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple 'cold' start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events may have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts. The research is broken down into two (2) distinct phases, involving both analytical and experimental areas. Phase I of the research, addressed in this document, focuses on the design of a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. A suitable control system architecture is created and implemented into a standard vehicle modeling tool (in this case, the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit). Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which leads to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain offers the potential for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain 'torque shaping' algorithms. The analytical work presented here is experimentally validated during Phase 2, the subject of a follow on paper.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple "cold" start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts. The dissertation research focuses on the design of a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. This baseline vehicle supervisory control strategy, developed as a result of this assessment, is implemented and tested on actual hardware in a controlled laboratory environment over a baseline test cycle. Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which lead to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain allows for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain "torque shaping" algorithms that eliminate high engine torque transients during these periods. The results of the dissertation research show that PHEVs do have the potential for substantial reductions in fuel consumption, while remaining environmentally friendly. Tailpipe emissions from a representative PHEV test platform have been reduced to acceptable levels through the development and refinement of vehicle supervisory control methods only. Impacts on fuel consumption are minimal for the emissions reduction techniques that are implemented, while in some cases, substantial fuel consumption reductions are observed.
