Design of Efficient and Safe Neural Stimulators PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Design of Efficient and Safe Neural Stimulators PDF full book. Access full book title Design of Efficient and Safe Neural Stimulators by Marijn van Dongen. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Marijn van Dongen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319281313
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book discusses the design of neural stimulator systems which are used for the treatment of a wide variety of brain disorders such as Parkinson’s, depression and tinnitus. Whereas many existing books treating neural stimulation focus on one particular design aspect, such as the electrical design of the stimulator, this book uses a multidisciplinary approach: by combining the fields of neuroscience, electrophysiology and electrical engineering a thorough understanding of the complete neural stimulation chain is created (from the stimulation IC down to the neural cell). This multidisciplinary approach enables readers to gain new insights into stimulator design, while context is provided by presenting innovative design examples.
Author: Marijn van Dongen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319281313
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book discusses the design of neural stimulator systems which are used for the treatment of a wide variety of brain disorders such as Parkinson’s, depression and tinnitus. Whereas many existing books treating neural stimulation focus on one particular design aspect, such as the electrical design of the stimulator, this book uses a multidisciplinary approach: by combining the fields of neuroscience, electrophysiology and electrical engineering a thorough understanding of the complete neural stimulation chain is created (from the stimulation IC down to the neural cell). This multidisciplinary approach enables readers to gain new insights into stimulator design, while context is provided by presenting innovative design examples.
Author: Peng Cong
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100079461X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Get Book Here
Book Description
Implantable devices are a unique area for circuit designers. A comprehensive understanding of design trade-offs at the system level is important to ensure device success. Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices provides knowledge to CMOS circuit designers with limited biomedical background to understand design challenges and trade-offs for implantable devices, especially neural interfacing.Technical topics discussed in the book include: Neural interface Neural sensing amplifiers Electrical stimulation Embedded Signal Analysis Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants Next Generation Neural Interface Electronics
Author: Vikram R. Rao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323985645
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Get Book Here
Book Description
Neurostimulation for Epilepsy: Advances, Applications, and Opportunities comprehensively reviews the diverse array of neurostimulation technologies currently in use and in development for the treatment of epilepsy. The book covers basic mechanisms of neurostimulation, technical characteristics of approved and investigational neurostimulation devices, clinical applications and programming considerations of these devices, and progress toward next-generation device technology. Leading experts in the field provide a contemporary appraisal of neurostimulation in epilepsy, one that highlights recent advances, outlines unanswered questions, and proposes future directions. Neurostimulation for Epilepsy: Advances, Applications, and Opportunities will be of high interest to clinical, basic, and translational researchers seeking to understand leading-edge applications of neurostimulation in epilepsy and to clinicians managing patients with epilepsy who are treated with implanted and external neurostimulation devices. This book will also be of interest to trainees, to physicians in other areas of neurology where neurostimulation is employed, such as Pain and Movement Disorders, and to general medical practitioners, neurobiologists, and engineers. Explains fundamental principles of neurostimulation in accessible terms Details technical characteristics and engineering considerations of neurostimulation devices Describes strengths and limitations of approved and investigational neurostimulation devices Overviews clinical applications of neurostimulation, including device selection and programming Highlights the patient experience with neurostimulation, with an emphasis on quality of life Provides a roadmap for the development of next-generation devices
Author: Fabiola Alonso
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 917685261X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Get Book Here
Book Description
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical therapy for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). A thin electrode is implanted in a predefined area of the brain with the use of stereotactic neurosurgery. In the last few years new DBS electrodes and systems have been developed with possibilities for using more parameters for control of the stimulation volume. In this thesis, simulations using the finite element method (FEM) have been developed and used for investigation of the electric field (EF) extension around different types of DBS lead designs (symmetric, steering) and stimulation modes (voltage, current). The electrode surrounding was represented either with a homogeneous model or a patient-specific model based on individual preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The EF was visualized and compared for different lead designs and operating modes. In Paper I, the EF was quantitatively investigated around two lead designs (3389 and 6148) simulated to operate in voltage and current mode under acute and chronic time points following implantation.Simulations showed a major impact on the EF extension between postoperative time points which may explain the clinical decisions to change the stimulation amplitude weeks after implantation. In Paper II, the simulations were expanded to include two leads having steering function (6180, Surestim1) and patient-specific FEM simulations in the zona incerta. It was found that both the heterogeneity of the tissue and the operating mode, influence the EF distribution and that equivalent contact configurations of the leads result in similar EF. The steering mode presented larger volumes in current mode when using equivalent amplitudes. Simulations comparing DBS and intraoperative stimulation test using a microelectrode recording (MER) system (Paper III), showed that several parallel MER leads and the presence of the non-active DBS contacts influence the EF distribution and that the DBS EF volume can cover, but also extend to, other anatomical areas. Paper IV introduces a method for an objective exploitation of intraoperative stimulation test data in order to identify the optimal implant position in the thalamus of the chronic DBS lead. Patient-specific EF simulations were related to the anatomy with the help of brain atlases and the clinical effects which were quantified by accelerometers. The first results indicate that the good clinical effect in ET is due to several structures around the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus.
Author: Chutham Sawigun
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000794601
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 199
Get Book Here
Book Description
As the requirements for low power consumption and very small physical dimensions in portable, wearable and implantable medical devices are calling for integrated circuit design techniques using MOSFETs operating in the subthreshold regime, this book first revisits some well-known circuit techniques that use CMOS devices biased in subthreshold in order to establish nanopower integrated circuit designs. Based on the these findings, this book shows the development of a class-AB current-mode sample-and-hold circuit with an order of magnitude improvement in its figure of merit compared to other state-of-the-art designs. Also, the concepts and design procedures of 1) single-branch filters 2) follower-integrator-based lowpass filters and 3) modular transconductance reduction techniques for very low frequency filters are presented. Finally, to serve the requirement of a very large signal swing in an energy-based action potential detector, a nanopower class-AB current-mode analog multiplier is designed to handle input current amplitudes of more than 10 times the bias current of the multiplier circuit. The invented filter circuits have been fabricated in a standard 0.18 μ CMOS process in order to verify our circuit concepts and design procedures. Their experimental results are reported.
Author: Jeffrey Arle
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128170018
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 508
Get Book Here
Book Description
Essential Neuromodulation, Second Edition is a concise reference covering all of the basic principles of neuromodulation in a single affordable volume for neuroscientists, residents, fellows, bioengineers and basic clinical practitioners. This second edition expands on developments in the field since 2011, emphasizing essential observations from all of the important clinical phases involved in any neuromodulation: targeting, intraoperative assessment, programming, complications and complication avoidance. As neuromodulation remains an exciting and rapidly advancing field, this information is critical for neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, bioengineers and other proceduralists. Presents a comprehensive reference on the emerging field of neuromodulation that features chapters from leading physicians and researchers in the field Provides a cohesive presentation of neuromodulation technologies and interventions Contains 550 full-color pages that begin with an overview of the clinical phases involved in neuromodulation, the challenges facing therapies and intraoperative procedures, and innovative solutions for better patient care Emphasizes the fundamentals needed to embrace the neuromodulation field as a cohesive clinical entity Explores the use of electrical, chemical and mechanical interventions to heal and improve neurological deficits Covers the promise of neurostimulation for chronic pain, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and other disorders and diseases Features developments in the field of neuromodulation since the first edition was published, including findings in lead, IPG and accessories
Author: Scott Kenneth Arfin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Get Book Here
Book Description
Electrical stimulation of tissues is an increasingly valuable tool for treating a variety of disorders, with applications including cardiac pacemakers, cochlear implants, visual prostheses, deep brain stimulators, spinal cord stimulators, and muscle stimulators. Brain implants for paralysis treatments are increasingly providing sensory feedback via neural stimulation. Within the field of neuroscience, the perturbation of neuronal circuits wirelessly in untethered, freely-behaving animals is of particular importance. In implantable systems, power consumption is often the limiting factor in determining battery or power coil size, cost, and level of tissue heating, with stimulation circuitry typically dominating the power budget of the entire implant. Thus, there is strong motivation to improve the energy efficiency of implantable electrical stimulators. In this thesis, I present two examples of low-power tissue stimulators. The first type is a wireless, low-power neural stimulation system for use in freely behaving animals. The system consists of an external transmitter and a miniature, implantable wireless receiver-and-stimulator utilizing a custom integrated chip built in a standard 0.5 ptm CMOS process. Low power design permits 12 days of continuous experimentation from a 5 mAh battery, extended by an automatic sleep mode that reduces standby power consumption by 2.5x. To test this device, bipolar stimulating electrodes were implanted into the songbird motor nucleus HVC of zebra finches. Single-neuron recordings revealed that wireless stimulation of HVC led to a strong increase of spiking activity in its downstream target, the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). When this device was used to deliver biphasic pulses of current randomly during singing, singing activity was prematurely terminated in all birds tested. The second stimulator I present is a novel, energy-efficient electrode stimulator with feedback current regulation. This stimulator uses inductive storage and recycling of energy based on a dynamic power supply to drive an electrode in an adiabatic fashion such that energy consumption is minimized. Since there are no explicit current sources or current limiters, wasteful energy dissipation across such elements is naturally avoided. The stimulator also utilizes a shunt current-sensor to monitor and regulate the current through the electrode via feedback, thus enabling flexible and safe stimulation. The dynamic power supply allows efficient transfer of energy both to and from the electrode, and is based on a DC-DC converter topology that is used in a bidirectional fashion. In an exemplary electrode implementation, I show how the stimulator combines the efficiency of voltage control and the safety and accuracy of current control in a single low-power integrated-circuit built in a standard 0.35 pm CMOS process. I also perform a theoretical analysis of the energy efficiency that is in accord with experimental measurements. In its current proof-of-concept implementation, this stimulator achieves a 2x-3x reduction in energy consumption as compared to a conventional current-source-based stimulator operating from a fixed power supply.
Author: Thomas J. Foutz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
Get Book Here
Book Description
Neural stimulation is a method of modulating neural activity, which has lead to the treatment of a number of diseases and conditions. It is both an established clinical tool, and a novel method on the frontier of neuroscience. Energy is a fundamental unit of neural stimulation, whose significance has grown with the rise of current-controlled electrical stimulation and optical stimulation. Historically, rectangular waveforms have been used for electrical stimulation; however, recent work has suggested that non-rectangular waveforms may have advantages over the traditional stimulus pulse. In the first study, detailed computer models were developed to compare a variety of charge-balanced biphasic waveforms with different stimulus pulse shapes. These results were validated in vivo in a rat model of peripheral nerve stimulation. In the second study, a method was investigated to improve the energy-efficiency of implantable-pulse generators (IPGs) by exploiting the biophysical features of excitable tissue. Substantial energy savings were achieved by exchanging the conventional fixed stimulator compliance voltage with a compliance voltage that matches real-time needs. By minimizing this voltage, energy savings of greater than 50% were observed, compared to traditional stimulation. Optogenetics is an emerging field of neuromodulation that uses light to achieve scaled, millisecond control of the membrane dynamics of genetically targeted neurons. In this last study, a computational tool is used to explore the underlying biophysics of optical stimulation. This "light-neuron" model consists of theoretical representations of the light dynamics generated by a fiber optic in brain tissue, coupled to a multi-compartment cable model of a cortical pyramidal neuron embedded with Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). The activation threshold was found to be sensitive to many of the properties of ChR2, the tissue, and the fiber optic light source. This intention of this engineering design tool is to help guide future development of optogenetic technology. The overall purpose of this project was to investigate the energy-efficiency of neural stimulation. The ultimate goal of this work is to extend the lifetime of electrical IPGs, and to give insight into the future development of optical stimulation.
Author: Joel B. Myklebust
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000012867
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Get Book Here
Book Description
First Published in 1985, this book offers a full, comprehensive investigation into Stimulation of the brain. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Neurobiologists, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Author: Shawn Kevin Kelly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
Get Book Here
Book Description
(Cont.) Electrodes are switched through a series of steps, and each step is maintained at its prescribed voltage by a controlled synchronous rectifier, which charges the supply capacitor from a single AC secondary power coil. This novel architecture uses less than half of the power used by an aggressively designed current source stimulator with the same voltage rails, and about one-third of the power consumed by typical stimulators used for this function.
