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Author: Olivier Dubray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Over the past decade, with the diversification of connected devices (PCs, Tablets, TVs and Smartphones), the Internet ecosystem has drastically extended. Today, 80 % world traffic is concentrated in the data centers where the data rate, the size and the cost is still growing. To address such scaling issues as bandwidth density, energy consumption and cost of the interconnects inside the data centers, the development of new optical transmitters is critical. The aim of this thesis is to propose and evaluate transmitter architectures using silicon photonics technology to address next 400 Gbit/s data rate standard over up to 2 kilometer links. The selected electro-optical modulator is the silicon ring resonator modulator which has substantial benefits: low footprint, low energy consumption and enables dense multiplexing. The optical transmitter architectures evaluations were successively optimized: from the active junction to the complete optical transmitter. This study identified the performances trade-offs impacted by the ring resonator modulator parameters. A compact model was generated to physically optimize the component in a reduced simulation time. Then, using the compact model, two transmitter architectures were studied based on classical architecture. Both are based on eight ring resonator modulators arranged in series modulating eight different wavelengths. The difference is the modulation format: the first one is electrically modulated at 50 Gbaud in 2-levels pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2) and the second one at 25 Gbaud 4-levels pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4). The two solutions fit the 400 Gbit/s performances demand with the use of the same trade-offs. Finally, new transmitter architectures were proposed to generate PAM-4 modulation. Unlike the previous architecture, they have in input two parallel bit streams which are optically combined to generate the PAM-4 modulation. The first solution is based on two silicon ring resonator modulator arranged in series. This architecture was validated through 30 Gbit/s transmission characterizations with only 1 Vpp. A second solution was then proposed, based on two silicon ring resonator modulators arranged in parallel in a Mach Zehnder interferometer. In the same way, transmission characterizations at 30 Gbit/s with 1.2 Vpp allows this architecture to be validated.
Author: Olivier Dubray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Over the past decade, with the diversification of connected devices (PCs, Tablets, TVs and Smartphones), the Internet ecosystem has drastically extended. Today, 80 % world traffic is concentrated in the data centers where the data rate, the size and the cost is still growing. To address such scaling issues as bandwidth density, energy consumption and cost of the interconnects inside the data centers, the development of new optical transmitters is critical. The aim of this thesis is to propose and evaluate transmitter architectures using silicon photonics technology to address next 400 Gbit/s data rate standard over up to 2 kilometer links. The selected electro-optical modulator is the silicon ring resonator modulator which has substantial benefits: low footprint, low energy consumption and enables dense multiplexing. The optical transmitter architectures evaluations were successively optimized: from the active junction to the complete optical transmitter. This study identified the performances trade-offs impacted by the ring resonator modulator parameters. A compact model was generated to physically optimize the component in a reduced simulation time. Then, using the compact model, two transmitter architectures were studied based on classical architecture. Both are based on eight ring resonator modulators arranged in series modulating eight different wavelengths. The difference is the modulation format: the first one is electrically modulated at 50 Gbaud in 2-levels pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-2) and the second one at 25 Gbaud 4-levels pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4). The two solutions fit the 400 Gbit/s performances demand with the use of the same trade-offs. Finally, new transmitter architectures were proposed to generate PAM-4 modulation. Unlike the previous architecture, they have in input two parallel bit streams which are optically combined to generate the PAM-4 modulation. The first solution is based on two silicon ring resonator modulator arranged in series. This architecture was validated through 30 Gbit/s transmission characterizations with only 1 Vpp. A second solution was then proposed, based on two silicon ring resonator modulators arranged in parallel in a Mach Zehnder interferometer. In the same way, transmission characterizations at 30 Gbit/s with 1.2 Vpp allows this architecture to be validated.
Author: Alireza Samani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"The ever increasing internet traffic driven by the constant spread of cloud services offered by data centers and the increasing demand for higher bandwidth driven by web-based media applications and services have increased the need for faster and inexpensive short reach optic solutions. With the commercialization and deployment of 100 Gb/s technologies, and the development of 400 Gb/s systems, there is a clear need for inexpensive and power efficient building blocks. Currently 100 Gb/s transmission of Ethernet frames over single mode fiber (SMF) is realized using a four color wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) setting in a 4 × 25 Gb/s format. However, it is widely agreed that the 400 Gb/s systems will be realized using 4 × 100 Gb/s configuration, which necessitates the need for a single wavelength operation at 100 Gb/s. To achieve higher data rate transmission, advance optical modulation formats together with polarization and wavelength division multiplexing are required. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) enables higher spectral efficiency by using multi-level amplitudes. Using PAM-4 modulation format doubles the spectral efficiency of the optical link. Recently PAM generation has been demonstrated using Silicon Photonics (SiP) intensity modulators. In this thesis, we present a 4.2 mm long, 35 GHz bandwidth single drive series push pull silicon travelling wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (TW-MZM) based on lateral PN junction operating near 1550 nm wavelength. A bit-rate of 112 Gb/s is achieved using PAM-4 modulation scheme at 56 Gbaud after 2 km of single mode fiber (SMF) below the hard decision pre forward error correction (Pre-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10-3 to provide a final bit error rate under 10-15. To the best of our knowledge this modulator surpasses the highest bandwidth reported for a SiP modulator by 5 GHz. " --
Author: Aminghasem Safarian
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789048115891
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
A comprehensive study of silicon-based distributed architectures in wideband circuits are presented in this book. Novel circuit architectures for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless technologies are described. The book begins with an introduction of several transceiver architectures for UWB. The discussion then focuses on RF front-end of the UWB radio. Therefore, the book will be of interest to RF circuit designers and students.
Author: David del Rio
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319932810
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
This book presents design methods and considerations for digitally-assisted wideband millimeter-wave transmitters. It addresses comprehensively both RF design and digital implementation simultaneously, in order to design energy- and cost-efficient high-performance transmitters for mm-wave high-speed communications. It covers the complete design flow, from link budget assessment to the transistor-level design of different RF front-end blocks, such as mixers and power amplifiers, presenting different alternatives and discussing the existing trade-offs. The authors also analyze the effect of the imperfections of these blocks in the overall performance, while describing techniques to correct and compensate for them digitally. Well-known techniques are revisited, and some new ones are described, giving examples of their applications and proving them in real integrated circuits.
Author: Ioannis Loukas Syllaios
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mobile communication systems
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
A novel baseband complex-envelope is proposed for the analysis and characterization of polar modulators. It is composed of single-tone envelope and phase signals and it provides a solid foundation for the accurate analysis of polar modulators using the low-pass equivalent model, previously described. Closed form expressions are derived that clearly identify the aforementioned sources of distortion on the reconstructed discrete-time baseband complex-envelope. Using these expressions, the optimal design requirements of the envelope modulator and/or the phase modulator are investigated that lead to minimally distorted complex-modulated RF carrier.
Author: Pedro Emiliano Paro Filho
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331945787X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
This book introduces a completely novel architecture that can relax the trade-off existing today between noise, power and area consumption in a very suitable solution for advanced wireless communication systems. Through the combination of charge-domain operation with incremental signaling, this architecture gives the best of both worlds, providing the reduced area and high portability of digital-intensive architectures with an improved out-of-band noise performance given by intrinsic noise filtering capabilities. Readers will be enabled to design higher performance radio front-ends that consume less power and area, especially with respect to the transmitter and power amplifier designs, considered by many the “battery killers” on most mobile devices.
Author: Fernando Medeiro
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475730039
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
The interest for :I:~ modulation-based NO converters has significantly increased in the last years. The reason for that is twofold. On the one hand, unlike other converters that need accurate building blocks to obtain high res olution, :I:~ converters show low sensitivity to the imperfections of their building blocks. This is achieved through extensive use of digital signal pro cessing - a desirable feature regarding the implementation of NO interfaces in mainstream CMOS technologies which are better suited for implementing fast, dense, digital circuits than accurate analog circuits. On the other hand, the number of applications with industrial interest has also grown. In fact, starting from the earliest in the audio band, today we can find :I:~ converters in a large variety of NO interfaces, ranging from instrumentation to commu nications. These advances have been supported by a number of research works that have lead to a considerably large amount of published papers and books cov ering different sub-topics: from purely theoretical aspects to architecture and circuit optimization. However, so much material is often difficultly digested by those unexperienced designers who have been committed to developing a :I:~ converter, mainly because there is a lack of methodology. In our view, a clear methodology is necessary in :I:~ modulator design because all related tasks are rather hard.
Author: Scott R. Bullock
Publisher: SciTech Publishing
ISBN: 1884932142
Category : Digital communications
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This system-level approach to transceiver design covers digital communications principles for military applications and translating those concepts for commercial applications. Topics include link budget, receiver and transmitter specifications, modulation, and spread spectrum.
Author: Ramesh Harjani
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814479020
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
MOS technology has rapidly become the de facto standard for mixed-signal integrated circuit design due to the high levels of integration possible as device geometries shrink to nanometer scales. The reduction in feature size means that the number of transistor and clock speeds have increased significantly. In fact, current day microprocessors contain hundreds of millions of transistors operating at multiple gigahertz. Furthermore, this reduction in feature size also has a significant impact on mixed-signal circuits. Due to the higher levels of integration, the majority of ASICs possesses some analog components. It has now become nearly mandatory to integrate both analog and digital circuits on the same substrate due to cost and power constraints. This book presents some of the newer problems and opportunities offered by the small device geometries and the high levels of integration that is now possible.The aim of this book is to summarize some of the most critical aspects of high-speed analog/RF communications circuits. Attention is focused on the impact of scaling, substrate noise, data converters, RF and wireless communication circuits and wireline communication circuits, including high-speed I/O.
Author: Norbert Grote
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540669777
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
Optoelectronic devices and fibre optics are the basis of cutting-edge communication systems. This monograph deals with the various components of these systems, including lasers, amplifiers, modulators, converters, filters, sensors, and more.
