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Author: Barry L. Kostinsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soviet Union
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Author: Barry L. Kostinsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soviet Union
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Author: Margaret Chadwick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas industry
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Ian Anthony
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
For this study, a group of Russian authors were commissioned to describe and assess the arms trade policies and practices of Russia under new domestic and international conditions. The contributors, drawn from the government, industry, and academic communities, offer a wide range of reports on the political, military, economic, and industrial implications of Russian arms transfers, as well as specific case studies of key bilateral arms transfer relationships.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
The transformation of the Soviet economy is bound to be extraordinarily complex and will take many years to complete. Three closely related areas require action at the outset of the process: macroeconomic stabilization, including fiscal, monetary, trade and payments, and incomes policies; price reform in an environment of increased domestic and external competition; and ownership reform, involving the rapid privatization of retail trade and small enterprises, along with the commercialization of large, state-owned enterprises. Many measures are needed to support policy actions in these three areas. A social safety net will be needed to protect the most vulnerable from the short-term adverse consequences of the reform process. Other measures include completion of the legal framework for a market economy, the creation of a market system for banking and finance, the demonopolization and restructuring of many enterprises, the reconstruction of the transport and communications infrastructure, the development of a system of labor relations, the process of privatization of state enterprises and collective farms, and the addressing of serious environmental problems. These and other issues, and the close relationships between them, are discussed in this study.
Author: Barry L. Kostinsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Prices
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communist countries
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: Vladimir G. Treml
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Input-output analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Author: S.H. Gardner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400974159
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The enigma of Soviet society is nowhere more strikingly manifested than in its economic relations with the outside world. Western business people, even those with representative offices in Moscow, often describe their negotiations with the Soviets as a veritable black-box affair. Offers for purchase and sale are funneled into the bureaucracy, usually via the Ministry of Foreign Trade, where they are digested for very long periods of time. When a response emerges, little is usually known about the level at which decisions were made, and even less is known about the criteria that were employed to make them. In the abstract, at least, foreign trade decision making in the Western market economies is a rather simple exercise. An American consumer will purchase a Toyota rather than a comparable Chrysler if its price, expressed in dollars at the market exchange rate, is lower. The influences of governmental tariffs, quantitative restrictions, foreign exchange controls, "buy American" policies, and the like, are usually of only secondary importance. In contrast, the Soviet consumer, whether an individual or an industrial enterprise, does not generally have the authority to order the importation of goods or services. That authority is concentrated at the top of Soviet society and administered through a labyrinthine system of overlapping bureaucratic agencies. Furthermore, those Soviet agencies cannot respond to price signals in the same way as the American consumer can, because Soviet domestic prices and exchange rates are themselves set rather arbitrarily by governmental agencies.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consular reports
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : East-West trade
Languages : en
Pages : 788
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Book Description
