Defects in Titanium Aluminum Nitride-Based Thin Films PDF Download
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Author: Janella Salamania
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789180750608
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Janella Salamania
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789180750608
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Isabella Citlalli Schramm Benítez
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176854566
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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This thesis investigates the effect of point defects (nitrogen vacancies and interstitials) and multilayering ((Ti,Al)N/TiN) on the phase transformations in cathodic arc-evaporated cubic (Ti,Al)N thin films at elevated temperatures. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the beneficial spinodal decomposition into c-TiN and c-AlN, the detrimental formation of wurtzite AlN and the potential application as hard coating in cutting tools. c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny thin films with varying Al fractions and N content (y = 0.93 to 0.75) show a delay in the spinodal decomposition when increasing the amount of N vacancies. This results in a 300 °C upshift in the age hardening and a delay in the w-AlN formation, while additions of self-interstitials enhance phase separation. High temperature interaction between hard metal substrates and thin films is more pronounced when increasing N deficiency through diffusion of substrate elements into the film. Low N content films (y = 0.58 to 0.40) showed formation of additional phases such as Ti4AlN3, Ti2AlN, Al5Ti2 and Al3Ti during annealing and a transformation from Ti2AlN to Ti4AlN3 via intercalation. The multilayer structure of TiN/TiAlN results in surfacedirected spinodal decomposition that affects the decomposition behavior. Careful use of these effects appears as a promising method to improve cutting tool performance. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Effekt von Punktdefekten (Stickstoffleerstellen und Zwischengitteratome) und Multilagen ((Ti,Al)N/TiN) auf die Phasenumwandlung in lichtbogenverdampften kubischen (Ti,Al)N-Dünnschichten bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Entwicklung der vorteilhaften spinodalen Entmischung in c-TiN und c-AlN und der nachteiligen Bildung von Wurtzit-AlN, sowie der möglichen Anwendung als Hartstoffbeschichtung von Schneidwerkzeugen. c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny mit unterschiedlichem Al-Anteil und N-Gehalten von y = 0,93 bis 0,75 zeigt mit zunehmenden Stickstoffleerstellen eine Verzögerung der spinodalen Entmischung. Dadurch verschiebt sich die Ausscheidungshärtung um 300 °C zu höheren Temperaturen und die w-AlN-Bildung wird verzögert, während der Einbau von Eigenzwischengitteratomen die Entmischung beschleunigt. Die Hochtemperaturwechselwirkung zwischen Hartmetallsubstrat und Dünnschicht durch Diffusion von Substratelementen in die Schicht nimmt mit steigendem Stickstoffdefizit zu. Stickstoffarme Schichten (y = 0,58 bis 0,40) zeigen während der Wärmebehandlung zusätzliche Phasen wie Ti4AlN3, Ti2AlN, Al5Ti2 und Al3Ti und eine Umwandlung von Ti2AlN in Ti4AlN3 durch Interkalation. Die Multischichtstruktur von TiN/TiAlN führt zu einer oberflächengerichteten spinodalen Entmischung, die das Entmischungsverhalten beeinflusst. Ein gezielter Einsatz dieser Effekte erscheint als ein vielsprechender Weg, um die Leistungsfähigkeit von Schneidwerkzeugen zu verbessern. I denna avhandling behandlas inverkan av punktdefekter (kvävevakanser och interstitialer) och multilagring ((Ti,Al)N/TiN) på högtemperaturfasomvandlingar i tunna arcförångade skikt av kubiska (Ti,Al)N. Störst vikt har lagts på utvecklingen av det fördelaktiga spinodala sönderfallet till c-TiN och c-AlN, den ofördelaktiga omvandlingen till w-AlN och potentialen som hårda skikt i verktygstillämpningar. Tunna c-(Ti1-xAlx)Ny skikt med olika Al-andel och en N-halt mellan (y = 0.93 och 0.75) uppvisar ökad undertryckning av det spinodala sönderfallet med ökat kvävevakanshalt. Detta resulterar i bildandet av w-AlN skiftas upp i temperatur vilket gör att åldershärdningen höjs med 300 °C. Däremot medför närvaron av självinterstitialer ett snabbare sönderfall. Växelverkan mellan hårdmetallsubstraten och de tunna skikten vid hög temperatur ökar med minskad kvävehalt i skiten genom diffusion av atomer från substratet in i filmen. Filmer med låg kvävehalt (y = 0.58 till 0.40) bildar även andra faser så som Ti4AlN3, Ti2AlN, Al5Ti2 och Al3Ti under värmebehandling och fasomvandlingen från Ti2AlN till Ti4AlN3 sker via en mekanism kallad intercalation. Multilagring av TiN/TiAlN resulterar i ett ytriktad spinodalt sönderfall vilket påverkar det totala sönderfallsförloppet. Nyttjande av dessa resultat syns som lovande vägar till förbättrade verktygsegenskaper.
Author: Soheil Karimi Aghda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Katherine M. Calamba
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 9176850412
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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This study highlights the role of nitrogen vacancies and defect structures in engineering hard coatings with enhanced phase stability and mechanical properties for high temperature applications. Titanium aluminum nitride (Ti,Al)N based materials in the form of thin coatings has remained as an outstanding choice for protection of metal cutting tools due to its superior oxidation resistance and high-temperature wear resistance. High-temperature spinodal decomposition of metastable (Ti,Al)N into coherent c-TiN and c-AlN nm-sized domains results in high hardness at elevated temperatures. Even higher thermal input leads to transformation of c-AlN to w-AlN, which is detrimental to the mechanical properties of the coating. One mean to delay this transformation is to introduce nitrogen vacancies. In this thesis, I show that by combining a reduction of the overall N-content of the c-(Ti,Al)Ny (y < 1) coating with a low substrate bias voltage during cathodic arc deposition an even more pronounced delay of the c-AlN to w-AlN phase transformation is achieved. Under such condition, age hardening is retained until 1100 ?C, which is the highest temperature reported for (Ti,Al)N films. During cutting operations, the wear mechanism of the cathodicarc-deposited c-(Ti0.52Al0.48)Ny with N-contents of y = 0.92, 0.87, and 0.75 films are influenced by the interplay of nitrogen vacancies, microstructure, and chemical reactions with the workpiece material. The y = 0.75 coating contains the highest number of macroparticles and has an inhomogeneous microstructure after machining, which lower its flank and crater wear resistance. Age hardening of the y = 0.92 sample causes its superior flank wear resistance while the dense structure of the y = 0.87 sample prevents chemical wear that results in excellent crater wear resistance. Heteroepitaxial c-(Ti1-x,Alx)Ny (y = 0.92, 0.79, and0.67) films were grown on MgO(001) and (111) substrates using magnetron putter deposition to examine the details of their defect structures during spinodal decomposition. At 900 ?C, the films decompose to form coherent c-AlN- and c-TiN- rich domains with elongated shape along the elastically soft <001> direction. Deformation maps show that most strains occur near the interface of the segregated domains and inside the c-TiN domains. Dislocations favorably aggregate in c-TiN rather than c-AlN because the later has stronger directionality of covalent chemical bonds. At elevated temperature, the domain size of (001) and (111)- oriented c-(Ti,Al)Ny films increases with the nitrogen content. This indicates that there is a delay in coarsening due to the presence of more N vacancies in the film. The structural and functional properties (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny are also influenced by its Al content (x). TiN and (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny (y = 1, x = 0.63 and x = 0.77) thin films were grown on MgO(111) substrates using magnetron sputtering technique. Both TiN and Ti0.27Al0.63N films are single crystals with cubic structure. (Ti0.23,Al0.77)N film has epitaxial cubic structure only in the first few atomic layers then it transitions to an epitaxial wurtzite layer, with an orientation relationship of c-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N(111)[1-10]??w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N(0001)[11-20]. The w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N shows phase separation of coherent nm-sized domains with varying chemical composition during growth. After annealing at high temperature, the domains in w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N have coarsened. The domains in w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N are smaller compared to the domains in c-(Ti0.27,Al0.63)N film that has undergone spinodal decomposition. The results that emerged from this thesis are of great importance in the cutting tool industry and also in the microelectronics industry, because the layers examined have properties that are well suited for diffusion barriers.
Author: Katharine Devyatko Dovidenko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Author: Alvin G. Randolph
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aluminum nitride
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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"Aluminum nitride thin films ( -1000 A) have been deposited on silicon substrate by re active sputtering using Al target in 1 : 1 Ar:N2 environment. The atomic force microscopy examination revealed continuous microcrystalline film structure. The Auger electron spectroscopic analysis shows the presence of oxygen in the films. The annealing at 850 C in nitrogen is found to cause recrystallinization and, by FTIR analysis, further oxidation of the films. The films can be characterized as lossy dielectrics with relative permittivity ~ 10, higher than the bulk value of 8.9. Annealing the films is found to reduce anion vacancies and improve the dielectric strength within a range of a few MV/cm in these thin films. Optical constants, n & k, have been obtained from reflectance and transmittance spec tra (190-900 nm) of films on fused silica. The results indicate the presence of a low energy absorption tail, and exponential absorption that is proportional to degree of disorder in the film. The average defect density of the film as deposited was 1.1 x 10^20 cm"3. Annealing the film at 760 C increased the degree of disorder resulting in an average defect density of 3.4 x 10^20 cm^-3. Subsequent annealing at 800 C and 850 C systematically decreased the degree of disorder and the average defect density. The real part of permittivity (e1) of the annealed films over this frequency range varies approximately +-0.5 from the e(infinity) of 4.84"--Abstract.
Author: David James Schroeder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Author: Seth E. Boeshore
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780542856082
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Piezoelectric unimorph cantilever beams have been fabricated from the deposited films and used for the first demonstration of piezoelectric transduction on titanium. At large displacements, these beams exhibit nonlinear spring softening. An analytical model has been developed to accurately describe the frequency response of these beams and to calculate the material properties of the film. Test results from these beams show that d 31 and k231 for the films are within 10% of the reported values.
Author: Dale Andrew Delisle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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