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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Genealogy
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genealogy
Languages : en
Pages : 894
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genealogy
Languages : en
Pages : 822
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Author:
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Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 980
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Author: Rowland Brucken
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1609090918
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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A Most Uncertain Crusade traces and analyzes the emergence of human rights as both an international concern and as a controversial domestic issue for US policy makers during and after World War II. Rowland Brucken focuses on officials in the State Department, at the United Nations, and within certain domestic non-governmental organizations, and explains why, after issuing wartime declarations that called for the definition and enforcement of international human rights standards, the US government refused to ratify the first UN treaties that fulfilled those twin purposes. The Truman and Eisenhower administrations worked to weaken the scope and enforcement mechanisms of early human rights agreements, and gradually withdrew support for Senate ratification. A small but influential group of isolationist–oriented senators, led by John Bricker (R-OH), warned that the treaties would bring about socialism, destroy white supremacy, and eviscerate the Bill of Rights. At the UN, a growing bloc of developing nations demanded the inclusion of economic guarantees, support for decolonization, and strong enforcement measures, all of which Washington opposed. Prior to World War II, international law considered the protection of individual rights to fall largely under the jurisdiction of national governments. Alarmed by fascist tyranny and guided by a Wilsonian vision of global cooperation in pursuit of human rights, President Roosevelt issued the Four Freedoms and the Atlantic Charter. Behind the scenes, the State Department planners carefully considered how an international organization could best protect those guarantees. Their work paid off at the 1945 San Francisco Conference, which vested the UN with an unprecedented opportunity to define and protect the human rights of individuals. After two years of negotiations, the UN General Assembly unanimously approved its first human rights treaty, the Genocide Convention. The UN Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR), led by Eleanor Roosevelt, drafted the nonbinding Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Subsequent efforts to craft an enforceable covenant of individual rights, though, bogged down quickly. A deadlock occurred as western nations, communist states, and developing countries disagreed on the inclusion of economic and social guarantees, the right of self-determination, and plans for implementation. Meanwhile, a coalition of groups within the United States doubted the wisdom of American accession to any human rights treaties. Led by the American Bar Association and Senator Bricker, opponents proclaimed that ratification would lead to a U.N. led tyrannical world socialistic government. The backlash caused President Eisenhower to withdraw from the covenant drafting process. Brucken shows how the American human rights policy had come full circle: Eisenhower, like Roosevelt, issued statements that merely celebrated western values of freedom and democracy, criticized human rights records of other countries while at the same time postponed efforts to have the UN codify and enforce a list of binding rights due in part to America's own human rights violations.
Author: Carl Sferrazza Anthony
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 0684864428
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Published to coincide with the bicentennial of the White House, this lavishly illustrated, delightfully accessible book describes the everyday lives of America's "royal families" in the White House, from John and Abigail Adams in 1800 to Bill and Hillary Clinton. Index. 300 photos.
Author: Margaret Sidney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concord (Mass.)
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author: Library of Congress. Copyright Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Copyright
Languages : en
Pages : 666
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Author: Library of Congress. Copyright Office
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : American drama
Languages : en
Pages : 808
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Author: Simon Desjardins
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 9780801446269
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
Intro -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Preface -- Introduction -- Castorland Journal 1793 -- Castorland Journal 1794 -- Castorland Journal 1795 -- Castorland Journal 1796-1797 -- Prospectus of the New York Company -- Constitution Of the New York Company -- Letter to Nicolas Olive -- Synopsis of Travel -- Overview of Castorland Workers -- Currency and Measures -- Place-Names in the Castorland Journal -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.
Author: Dale E. Floyd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coast defenses
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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