Cycle-life Improvement of Zn/NiOOH Cells by the Addition of Ca(OH)2 to the Zinc Electrode PDF Download
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Author: Rajiv Jain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Author: Rajiv Jain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
The addition of Ca(OH)2 to the zinc electrode of Zn/NiOOH cells was investigated in order to determine its effect on reducing the rate of Zinc redistribution. Cells containing 0, 10, 25, and 40 mol% Ca(OH)2 in the zinc electrode were constructed and tested. Ca(OH)2 was found to form a calcium zincate complex with the zincate-supersaturated KOH solution created during the discharge half-cycle. As Ca(OH)2 is insoluble in the electrolyte, the formation of this complex (containing two Zn atoms to one Ca) significantly reduces the Zinc redistribution rate. Electrodes with only 10% Ca(OH)2 were found to contain insufficient Ca(OH)2 to complex with enough Zinc to make a dramatic improvement on cycle life. The 25%-Ca(OH)2 electrodes, however, were found to retain their capacity beyond 150 deep discharge cycles, with indication that further Zinc redistribution would occur very slowly. The Zinc utilization of the Ca-containing electrodes showed dramatic improvement over the Ca-free zinc electrodes. 23 refs., 49 figs., 7 tabs.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
The addition of Ca(OH)2 to the zinc electrode of Zn/NiOOH cells was investigated in order to determine its effect on reducing the rate of Zinc redistribution. Cells containing 0, 10, 25, and 40 mol% Ca(OH)2 in the zinc electrode were constructed and tested. Ca(OH)2 was found to form a calcium zincate complex with the zincate-supersaturated KOH solution created during the discharge half-cycle. As Ca(OH)2 is insoluble in the electrolyte, the formation of this complex (containing two Zn atoms to one Ca) significantly reduces the Zinc redistribution rate. Electrodes with only 10% Ca(OH)2 were found to contain insufficient Ca(OH)2 to complex with enough Zinc to make a dramatic improvement on cycle life. The 25%-Ca(OH)2 electrodes, however, were found to retain their capacity beyond 150 deep discharge cycles, with indication that further Zinc redistribution would occur very slowly. The Zinc utilization of the Ca-containing electrodes showed dramatic improvement over the Ca-free zinc electrodes. 23 refs., 49 figs., 7 tabs.
Author: Alvin J. Salkind
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
ISBN: 9781566771092
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Author: Rajender Boddula
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119661897
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Zinc batteries are an advantageous choice over lithium-based batteries, which have dominated the market for years in multiple areas, most specifically in electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices. Zinc is the fourth most abundant metal in the world, which is influential in its lower cost, making it a very attractive material for use in batteries. Zinc-based batteries have been around since the 1930s, but only now are they taking center stage in the energy, automotive, and other industries. Zinc Batteries: Basics, Developments, and Applicationsis intended as a discussion of the different zinc batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials for Zinc (Zn) batteries. This book is an invaluable reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Electrochemical power sources that utilize zinc electrodes possess many advantages. Zinc is abundantly available, benign, inexpensive, stable over a wide operating temperature range, and has a high oxidation potential. In spite of these advantageous characteristics, rechargeable electrochemical systems based on zinc chemistry have not found widespread use. The major disadvantages of zinc electrodes are that they have limited cycle life due to zinc slumping and zinc electrode shape changes in alkaline solutions resulting from the solubility of zincate (Zn(OH)42−) in these solutions. As a result, premature cell failure often results due to cell shorting caused by dendritic growth as well as zinc slumping. In this paper we describe the chemical and physical characteristics of electrolyte solutions employing additives, particularly for zinc based electrochemical systems. These electrolytes are prepared using the alkali metal salts of 1,3,5-phenyltrisulfonic acid in combination with potassium hydroxide. The alkali metal salts of the acid possess good thermal stability, good ionic conductivity, and have a wide electrochemical voltage window in aqueous systems. With these electrolyte solutions improved cycle life was achieved in Zn/NiOOH and Zn/AgO. Improved cycle life with this additive is attributed to decreased zincate solubility, resulting in reduced zinc slumping and electrode shape changes. In addition, increased shelf-life and reduced self-discharge were also observed in many alkaline power sources.
Author: J. E. Oxley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrodes, Zinc
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Dean W. Sheibley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric batteries
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309174481
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
This book documents electric power requirements for the dismounted soldier on future Army battlefields, describes advanced energy concepts, and provides an integrated assessment of technologies likely to affect limitations and needs in the future. It surveys technologies associated with both supply and demand including: energy sources and systems; low power electronics and design; communications, computers, displays, and sensors; and networks, protocols, and operations. Advanced concepts discussed are predicated on continued development by the Army of soldier systems similar to the Land Warrior system on which the committee bases its projections on energy use. Finally, the volume proposes twenty research objectives to achieve energy goals in the 2025 time frame.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323958222
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 5674
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Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, Second Edition, is a comprehensive seven-volume set that serves as a vital interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With an increased focus on the environmental and economic impacts of electrochemical power sources, this work not only consolidates extensive coverage of the field but also serves as a gateway to the latest literature for professionals and students alike. The field of electrochemical power sources has experienced significant growth and development since the first edition was published in 2009. This is reflected in the exponential growth of the battery market, the improvement of many conventional systems, and the introduction of new systems and technologies. This completely revised second edition captures these advancements, providing updates on all scientific, technical, and economic developments over the past decade. Thematically arranged, this edition delves into crucial areas such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. It explores challenges and advancements in electrode and electrolyte materials, structural design, optimization, application of novel materials, and performance analysis. This comprehensive resource, with its focus on the future of electrochemical power sources, is an essential tool for navigating this rapidly evolving field. - Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications - Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers - Incorporates 365 articles, with timely coverage of environmental and sustainability aspects - Arranged thematically to facilitate easy navigation of topics and easy exploration of the field across its key branches - Follows a consistent structure and features elements such as key objective boxes, summaries, figures, references, and cross-references etc., to help students, faculty, and professionals alike
