Current policy and status of DDT use for malaria control in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa PDF Download
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Author: Melanie L. Biscoe
Publisher: IWMI
ISBN: 9290905972
Category : DDT (Insecticide)
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
For most African countries, malaria has become an overwhelming public health problem, leading some governments to consider using DDT for malaria control in the midst of a heightened debate about its advantages and disadvantages. This report seeks to document the nature of the DDT debate in East and Southern Africa by describing current DDT policy plus malaria and insecticide control specialists’ views on alternatives to DDT use, examining the factors that influence malaria control policy formation and assessing specialists’ knowledge about the human health impacts of DDT. To obtain this information, malaria and insecticide control specialists were interviewed in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and South Africa and malaria control policy documents from each country were reviewed. Results indicate that DDT use for indoor residual spraying (IRS) continues to be viewed as a viable malaria control option, although most specialists are receptive to alternative control measures. Additionally, decentralization has had a profound impact on malaria control in East Africa and the POPs Treaty is used simultaneously as a rationale for a reintroduction of DDT and its continued prohibition in public health. Finally, research necessary to make informed decisions on malaria control policy is lacking in East Africa, and there is a need to educate malaria and insecticide control specialists on the human health impacts of insecticides used for vector control, including DDT.
Author: Melanie L. Biscoe
Publisher: IWMI
ISBN: 9290905972
Category : DDT (Insecticide)
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
For most African countries, malaria has become an overwhelming public health problem, leading some governments to consider using DDT for malaria control in the midst of a heightened debate about its advantages and disadvantages. This report seeks to document the nature of the DDT debate in East and Southern Africa by describing current DDT policy plus malaria and insecticide control specialists’ views on alternatives to DDT use, examining the factors that influence malaria control policy formation and assessing specialists’ knowledge about the human health impacts of DDT. To obtain this information, malaria and insecticide control specialists were interviewed in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and South Africa and malaria control policy documents from each country were reviewed. Results indicate that DDT use for indoor residual spraying (IRS) continues to be viewed as a viable malaria control option, although most specialists are receptive to alternative control measures. Additionally, decentralization has had a profound impact on malaria control in East Africa and the POPs Treaty is used simultaneously as a rationale for a reintroduction of DDT and its continued prohibition in public health. Finally, research necessary to make informed decisions on malaria control policy is lacking in East Africa, and there is a need to educate malaria and insecticide control specialists on the human health impacts of insecticides used for vector control, including DDT.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309165938
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.
Author: European Environment Agency
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789292133535
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Solomon Kibret
Publisher: IWMI
ISBN: 9290907061
Category : Koka Reservoir (Ethipoia)
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
The construction of dams in Africa is often associated with adverse malaria impacts in surrounding communities. However, the degree and nature of these impacts are rarely quantified and the feasibility of manipulating reservoir water levels to control mosquito breeding has not been previously investigated in Africa. This report describes entomological and epidemiological studies conducted around the Koka Dam and Reservoir in Ethiopia. The research findings confirm the role of the reservoir in increasing malaria transmission and provide evidence that there is potential to use dam operation in integrated malaria control strategies.
Author: Stanislav Trdan
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535122584
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
This book contains 20 chapters, which are divided into 5 sections. Section 1 covers different aspects of insecticide resistance of selected economically important plant insect pests, whereas section 2 includes chapters about the importance, development and insecticide resistance management in controlling malaria vectors. Section 3 is dedicated to some general questions in insecticide resistance, while the main topic of section 4 is biochemical approaches of insecticide resistance mechanisms. Section 5 covers ecologically acceptable approaches for overcoming insecticide resistance, such are the use of mycoinsecticides, and understanding the role of some plant chemical compounds, which are important in interactions between plants, their pests and biological control agents.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241549653
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
This toolkit for integrated vector management (IVM) is designed to help national and regional programme managers coordinate across sectors to design and run large IVM programmes. It is an extension of earlier guidance and teaching material published by the World Health Organization (WHO): Handbook for integrated vector management Monitoring and evaluation indicators for integrated vector management Guidance on policy-making for integrated vector management and Core structure for training curricula on integrated vector management. The toolkit provides the technical detail required to plan implement monitor and evaluate an IVM approach. IVM can be used when the aim is to control or eliminate vector-borne diseases and can also contribute to insecticide resistance management. This toolkit provides information on where vector-borne diseases are endemic and what interventions should be used presenting case studies on IVM as well as relevant guidance documents for reference. The diseases that are the focus of this toolkit are malaria lymphatic filariasis dengue leishmaniasis onchocerciasis human African trypanosomiasis and schistosomiasis. It also includes information on other viral diseases (Rift Valley fever West Nile fever Chikungunya yellow fever) and trachoma. If other vector-borne diseases appear in a country or area vector control with an IVM approach should be adopted as per national priorities. Malaria as one of the most important vector-borne diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is the main focus of this document. Programmes targeting other vector-borne diseases can learn from the experiences gained from malaria vector control and presented here.
Author: Catherine Cavallaro Goodman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Africa, Sub-Saharan
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Atakilte Beyene
Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.
ISBN: 1786992213
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
For thousands of years, Ethiopia has depended on its smallholding farmers to provide the bulk of its food needs. But now, such farmers find themselves under threat from environmental degradation, climate change and declining productivity. As a result, smallholder agriculture has increasingly become subsistence-oriented, with many of these farmers trapped in a cycle of poverty. Smallholders have long been marginalised by mainstream development policies, and only more recently has their crucial importance been recognised for addressing rural poverty through agricultural reform. This collection, written by leading Ethiopian scholars, explores the scope and impact of Ethiopia’s policy reforms over the past two decades on the smallholder sector. Focusing on the Lake Tana basin in northwestern Ethiopia, an area with untapped potential for growth, the contributors argue that any effective policy will need to go beyond agriculture to consider the role of health, nutrition and local food customs, as well as including increased safeguards for smallholder’s land rights. They in turn show that smallholders represent a vitally overlooked component of development strategy, not only in Ethiopia but across the global South.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental health
Languages : en
Pages : 1566
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Book Description
Author: Sheikh, Mohamud
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1466687037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
The rise of globalized business has created a world village wherein ideas and industry transcend national boundaries. Unfortunately, the resulting increase in travel has accelerated the transmission of diseases, generating a surge in worldwide epidemics and increasing the necessity of innovative strategies for prevention, containment, and communication related to global health issues. Transforming Public Health in Developing Nations showcases the latest developments, trends, and challenges within the field of international public health. Featuring empirical studies, case studies, reviews, and discussion notes, this authoritative text highlights diverse, important global health issues, making it an essential resource for professionals, researchers, and academics seeking insight on the latest developments in contemporary healthcare. This reference work highlights a broad scope of current issues including global epidemics, worldwide health systems, mental health issues in developing nations, barriers to healthcare, sanitation and infection, cultural diversity in healthcare administration, cultural perceptions of reproductive health issues, international health costs and budgets, and health information technology.
