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Author: Mieczyslaw Pokorski
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319741500
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Change is an inherent feature of all aspects of clinical practice and patient management. This book seeks to contribute to presenting novel knowledge in various fields of clinical work. The articles tackle transdisciplinary topics and focus on the underlying mechanisms of clinical disorders, their prevention and management. The themes addressed include allergy and pseudoallergy in the pediatric population, influenza-related infections and their sequelae, which continues to be a scourge in the developing world, the risk of lung cancer repeats and their management, viral hepatitis that may lead to hepatocarcinoma, respiratory consequences of diaphragmatic hernias, disorders of steroid hormone metabolism, and others. The articles bring the updated strategies, research, and best practices to improve outcomes and to deliver state-of-the-art clinical care to patients. The book will be of interest to physicians, academic scientists, and researchers who are keen in sharing the latest medical practice developments.
Author: Mieczyslaw Pokorski
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319741500
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
Change is an inherent feature of all aspects of clinical practice and patient management. This book seeks to contribute to presenting novel knowledge in various fields of clinical work. The articles tackle transdisciplinary topics and focus on the underlying mechanisms of clinical disorders, their prevention and management. The themes addressed include allergy and pseudoallergy in the pediatric population, influenza-related infections and their sequelae, which continues to be a scourge in the developing world, the risk of lung cancer repeats and their management, viral hepatitis that may lead to hepatocarcinoma, respiratory consequences of diaphragmatic hernias, disorders of steroid hormone metabolism, and others. The articles bring the updated strategies, research, and best practices to improve outcomes and to deliver state-of-the-art clinical care to patients. The book will be of interest to physicians, academic scientists, and researchers who are keen in sharing the latest medical practice developments.
Author: Richard D. Riley
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192516655
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
"What is going to happen to me?" Most patients ask this question during a clinical encounter with a health professional. As well as learning what problem they have (diagnosis) and what needs to be done about it (treatment), patients want to know about their future health and wellbeing (prognosis). Prognosis research can provide answers to this question and satisfy the need for individuals to understand the possible outcomes of their condition, with and without treatment. Central to modern medical practise, the topic of prognosis is the basis of decision making in healthcare and policy development. It translates basic and clinical science into practical care for patients and populations. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact provides a comprehensive overview of the field of prognosis and prognosis research and gives a global perspective on how prognosis research and prognostic information can improve the outcomes of healthcare. It details how to design, carry out, analyse and report prognosis studies, and how prognostic information can be the basis for tailored, personalised healthcare. In particular, the book discusses how information about the characteristics of people, their health, and environment can be used to predict an individual's future health. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact, addresses all types of prognosis research and provides a practical step-by-step guide to undertaking and interpreting prognosis research studies, ideal for medical students, health researchers, healthcare professionals and methodologists, as well as for guideline and policy makers in healthcare wishing to learn more about the field of prognosis.
Author: Leslie Gross Portney
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780803646575
Category : Biomedical Research
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Draw upon the foundations necessary for finding and interpreting research evidence across all healthcare professions. Revised to reflect the most current changes in the field of clinical research in rehabilitation and medicine, you'll find a growing emphasis on evidence-based practice (EBP) as well as new vocabulary that is being integrated into research and practice across disciplines.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309113695
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Drawing on the work of the Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine, the 2007 IOM Annual Meeting assessed some of the rapidly occurring changes in health care related to new diagnostic and treatment tools, emerging genetic insights, the developments in information technology, and healthcare costs, and discussed the need for a stronger focus on evidence to ensure that the promise of scientific discovery and technological innovation is efficiently captured to provide the right care for the right patient at the right time. As new discoveries continue to expand the universe of medical interventions, treatments, and methods of care, the need for a more systematic approach to evidence development and application becomes increasingly critical. Without better information about the effectiveness of different treatment options, the resulting uncertainty can lead to the delivery of services that may be unnecessary, unproven, or even harmful. Improving the evidence-base for medicine holds great potential to increase the quality and efficiency of medical care. The Annual Meeting, held on October 8, 2007, brought together many of the nation's leading authorities on various aspects of the issues - both challenges and opportunities - to present their perspectives and engage in discussion with the IOM membership.
Author: Morteza Jalali
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012803078X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
Basic Science Methods for Clinical Researchers addresses the specific challenges faced by clinicians without a conventional science background. The aim of the book is to introduce the reader to core experimental methods commonly used to answer questions in basic science research and to outline their relative strengths and limitations in generating conclusive data. This book will be a vital companion for clinicians undertaking laboratory-based science. It will support clinicians in the pursuit of their academic interests and in making an original contribution to their chosen field. In doing so, it will facilitate the development of tomorrow's clinician scientists and future leaders in discovery science. - Serves as a helpful guide for clinical researchers who lack a conventional science background - Organized around research themes pertaining to key biological molecules, from genes, to proteins, cells, and model organisms - Features protocols, techniques for troubleshooting common problems, and an explanation of the advantages and limitations of a technique in generating conclusive data - Appendices provide resources for practical research methodology, including legal frameworks for using stem cells and animals in the laboratory, ethical considerations, and good laboratory practice (GLP)
Author: Ana Johnson
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781489976024
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This title deals with internationally documented variations in medical practice and health service that exist across countries as well as regions across a specific country. Such variations raise critical concerns about the quality, equity and efficiency of health care resources across the world. Health services researchers have long been aware of large variations in the use of medical care across regions and medical providers. In the 1930s, the British pediatrician J.A. Glover observed that the rates of tonsillectomy in British schoolchildren varied widely, depending on the district where the students lived and the doctors who examined them. This volume provides a contextual landscape for the study of health care utilization through the lens of medical practice variations. It is grounded in the pioneering work by medical care epidemiologist, Dr. John Wennberg, who revealed wide variations in elective surgical rates across small areas in the U.S. and his findings that these variations were generally not explained by differences in population illness rates or patient preferences but rather, there were strong associations between supply of health care resources, such as hospital beds and physicians and health care utilization. This volume introduces the concept of medical practice variations and its early history, outlines established concepts and frameworks, with an overview of methods used to understand the variations in medical care . It makes the case for outcomes research in determining what works in health care and policy reforms to rationalize how care is delivered. Each chapter synthesizes the current published literature in the field and covers a description of medical practice variations in the area, determinants of these variations and outcomes. It outlines the most current research on specific types of utilization such as inpatient care, emergency services, elective surgery, primary care, obstetric and gynaec ological care, mental health care and end-of-life care, among others. Studies of variation in condition-specific care focus on common conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes and procedures such as cancer surgery and joint replacement. Special topics include health care spending and quality, shared decision making and disparities.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309316324
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309171148
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
Author: Samiran Nundy
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811652481
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research.
Author: Sharon E. Straus
Publisher: Elsevier Masson
ISBN: 9782842997731
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
The accompanying CD-ROM contains clinical examples, critical appraisals and background papers.
