Author: Werner Brendon Marcus
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450441
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 334
Book Description
Cure the Procrastination Puzzle with the Power of Habits
Author: Werner Brendon Marcus
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450441
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 334
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450441
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 334
Book Description
The Power of Habit
Author: Charles Duhigg
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: 0679603859
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • This instant classic explores how we can change our lives by changing our habits. NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Wall Street Journal • Financial Times In The Power of Habit, award-winning business reporter Charles Duhigg takes us to the thrilling edge of scientific discoveries that explain why habits exist and how they can be changed. Distilling vast amounts of information into engrossing narratives that take us from the boardrooms of Procter & Gamble to the sidelines of the NFL to the front lines of the civil rights movement, Duhigg presents a whole new understanding of human nature and its potential. At its core, The Power of Habit contains an exhilarating argument: The key to exercising regularly, losing weight, being more productive, and achieving success is understanding how habits work. As Duhigg shows, by harnessing this new science, we can transform our businesses, our communities, and our lives. With a new Afterword by the author “Sharp, provocative, and useful.”—Jim Collins “Few [books] become essential manuals for business and living. The Power of Habit is an exception. Charles Duhigg not only explains how habits are formed but how to kick bad ones and hang on to the good.”—Financial Times “A flat-out great read.”—David Allen, bestselling author of Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity “You’ll never look at yourself, your organization, or your world quite the same way.”—Daniel H. Pink, bestselling author of Drive and A Whole New Mind “Entertaining . . . enjoyable . . . fascinating . . . a serious look at the science of habit formation and change.”—The New York Times Book Review
Publisher: Random House
ISBN: 0679603859
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • This instant classic explores how we can change our lives by changing our habits. NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The Wall Street Journal • Financial Times In The Power of Habit, award-winning business reporter Charles Duhigg takes us to the thrilling edge of scientific discoveries that explain why habits exist and how they can be changed. Distilling vast amounts of information into engrossing narratives that take us from the boardrooms of Procter & Gamble to the sidelines of the NFL to the front lines of the civil rights movement, Duhigg presents a whole new understanding of human nature and its potential. At its core, The Power of Habit contains an exhilarating argument: The key to exercising regularly, losing weight, being more productive, and achieving success is understanding how habits work. As Duhigg shows, by harnessing this new science, we can transform our businesses, our communities, and our lives. With a new Afterword by the author “Sharp, provocative, and useful.”—Jim Collins “Few [books] become essential manuals for business and living. The Power of Habit is an exception. Charles Duhigg not only explains how habits are formed but how to kick bad ones and hang on to the good.”—Financial Times “A flat-out great read.”—David Allen, bestselling author of Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity “You’ll never look at yourself, your organization, or your world quite the same way.”—Daniel H. Pink, bestselling author of Drive and A Whole New Mind “Entertaining . . . enjoyable . . . fascinating . . . a serious look at the science of habit formation and change.”—The New York Times Book Review
Solving the Procrastination Puzzle
Author: Timothy A. Pychyl
Publisher: TarcherPerigee
ISBN: 0399168125
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 130
Book Description
"Previously published as The Procrastinator's Digest in Canada by Howling Pines Publishers in 2010."
Publisher: TarcherPerigee
ISBN: 0399168125
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 130
Book Description
"Previously published as The Procrastinator's Digest in Canada by Howling Pines Publishers in 2010."
The Science of Daily Self-Discipline and No Excuses Lifestyle
Author: Stephen Edgar Eric
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450359
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 332
Book Description
The Highly Effective Methods to Rid Yourself of Procrastination (It's Not Eat That Frog ) Are you frustrated of not able to start what you put your mind too? Angered by your cluttered mind and waste the day away doing non-essential work? Want to become a top performer getting more work done in a week than in the last year? If you're someone who gets stuck in negative thought patterns that hold you back from your true potential. This book will change your existence. Right now, it seems impossible to take back control. You lack willpower, have no motivation, you're too tired to focus. The real problem? You're stuck with the same mindset and habits. Doing the same thing but I'm here to introduce another perspective. One that will change your thought process and develop long term habits that make you productive. When you order this book you can: Realize a simple proven 5 step system to stop procrastinating GUARANTEED to work. Eliminate exhaustion and discover how to work with intense focus for hours. Reveal the one TRUE secret to become and stay motivated for life.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450359
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 332
Book Description
The Highly Effective Methods to Rid Yourself of Procrastination (It's Not Eat That Frog ) Are you frustrated of not able to start what you put your mind too? Angered by your cluttered mind and waste the day away doing non-essential work? Want to become a top performer getting more work done in a week than in the last year? If you're someone who gets stuck in negative thought patterns that hold you back from your true potential. This book will change your existence. Right now, it seems impossible to take back control. You lack willpower, have no motivation, you're too tired to focus. The real problem? You're stuck with the same mindset and habits. Doing the same thing but I'm here to introduce another perspective. One that will change your thought process and develop long term habits that make you productive. When you order this book you can: Realize a simple proven 5 step system to stop procrastinating GUARANTEED to work. Eliminate exhaustion and discover how to work with intense focus for hours. Reveal the one TRUE secret to become and stay motivated for life.
Master Self-Discipline with 7 Powerful Exercises
Author: Stephen Mark
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450519
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Self-Discipline Secrets You think your lack of willpower is why you always fail. You think it's why you can't lose weight, succeed as an entrepreneur, and procrastinate and waste your day. You think if only you had willpower like other people, life would be different. Everything would change. But you are wrong. Will isn't something you have or don't. It's not genetic or gifted to you. It has to be developed. Strengthened like a muscle, built like an athlete from amateur to pro. It's not about having the "right stuff." This is about training. Self-discipline. Rediscover what it means to have self-discipline and the secrets to build it. Train yourself to go from practically non-existent willpower to the will of a Navy Seal. Build habits of enduring the hard parts until success becomes the ONLY response. Amass an inner sense of fortitude that kicks down walls that try to limit you. Finally remember how it feels to achieve your desires in everything you do. Mental Toughness and True Grit Navy Seals, Olympic athletes, the top one percent How did they get where they are? What's the common thread that ties them all together? More importantly, what do they have that you don't? The one percent weren't born that way. They didn't inherit their worth. If you look into their past, you'll find every single one of them was just like you. Problems, weaknesses, poverty, prejudice. Normal human beings with normal human flaws. But if they weren't born great, and they didn't inherit it. How did they do it? What powered them through all the hardship? The answer, an unbeatable mind. A mind most will never experience. I'm talking about self-discipline, mental toughness, true grit. I'm talking about a mindset you have to craft out of sweat, tears, and hard work. How to take your mind from fragile to hardened steel so you can utilize the mind to its full potential. The secret to gain Navy Seal levels of self-discipline in your life to become relentless. A quick fix for emotional weakness that will create an unbeatable mind. The proven 7 rules for success and the one simple trick to long-term perseverance. The transformational technique used by athletes and elites to train their body and mind even when they have no gas left in the tank.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781647450519
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Self-Discipline Secrets You think your lack of willpower is why you always fail. You think it's why you can't lose weight, succeed as an entrepreneur, and procrastinate and waste your day. You think if only you had willpower like other people, life would be different. Everything would change. But you are wrong. Will isn't something you have or don't. It's not genetic or gifted to you. It has to be developed. Strengthened like a muscle, built like an athlete from amateur to pro. It's not about having the "right stuff." This is about training. Self-discipline. Rediscover what it means to have self-discipline and the secrets to build it. Train yourself to go from practically non-existent willpower to the will of a Navy Seal. Build habits of enduring the hard parts until success becomes the ONLY response. Amass an inner sense of fortitude that kicks down walls that try to limit you. Finally remember how it feels to achieve your desires in everything you do. Mental Toughness and True Grit Navy Seals, Olympic athletes, the top one percent How did they get where they are? What's the common thread that ties them all together? More importantly, what do they have that you don't? The one percent weren't born that way. They didn't inherit their worth. If you look into their past, you'll find every single one of them was just like you. Problems, weaknesses, poverty, prejudice. Normal human beings with normal human flaws. But if they weren't born great, and they didn't inherit it. How did they do it? What powered them through all the hardship? The answer, an unbeatable mind. A mind most will never experience. I'm talking about self-discipline, mental toughness, true grit. I'm talking about a mindset you have to craft out of sweat, tears, and hard work. How to take your mind from fragile to hardened steel so you can utilize the mind to its full potential. The secret to gain Navy Seal levels of self-discipline in your life to become relentless. A quick fix for emotional weakness that will create an unbeatable mind. The proven 7 rules for success and the one simple trick to long-term perseverance. The transformational technique used by athletes and elites to train their body and mind even when they have no gas left in the tank.
Atomic Habits Summary (by James Clear)
Author: James Clear
Publisher: James Clear
ISBN:
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 39
Book Description
SUMMARY: ATOMIC HABITS: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. This book is not meant to replace the original book but to serve as a companion to it. ABOUT ORIGINAL BOOK: Atomic Habits can help you improve every day, no matter what your goals are. As one of the world's leading experts on habit formation, James Clear reveals practical strategies that will help you form good habits, break bad ones, and master tiny behaviors that lead to big changes. If you're having trouble changing your habits, the problem isn't you. Instead, the issue is with your system. There is a reason bad habits repeat themselves over and over again, it's not that you are not willing to change, but that you have the wrong system for changing. “You do not rise to the level of your goals. You fall to the level of your systems” - James Clear I’m a huge fan of this book, and as soon as I read it I knew it was going to make a big difference in my life, so I couldn’t wait to make a video on this book and share my ideas. Here is a link to James Clear’s website, where I found he uploads a tonne of useful posts on motivation, habit formation and human psychology. DISCLAIMER: This is an UNOFFICIAL summary and not the original book. It designed to record all the key points of the original book.
Publisher: James Clear
ISBN:
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 39
Book Description
SUMMARY: ATOMIC HABITS: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. This book is not meant to replace the original book but to serve as a companion to it. ABOUT ORIGINAL BOOK: Atomic Habits can help you improve every day, no matter what your goals are. As one of the world's leading experts on habit formation, James Clear reveals practical strategies that will help you form good habits, break bad ones, and master tiny behaviors that lead to big changes. If you're having trouble changing your habits, the problem isn't you. Instead, the issue is with your system. There is a reason bad habits repeat themselves over and over again, it's not that you are not willing to change, but that you have the wrong system for changing. “You do not rise to the level of your goals. You fall to the level of your systems” - James Clear I’m a huge fan of this book, and as soon as I read it I knew it was going to make a big difference in my life, so I couldn’t wait to make a video on this book and share my ideas. Here is a link to James Clear’s website, where I found he uploads a tonne of useful posts on motivation, habit formation and human psychology. DISCLAIMER: This is an UNOFFICIAL summary and not the original book. It designed to record all the key points of the original book.
The Willpower Instinct
Author: Kelly McGonigal
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1583335080
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
Based on Stanford University psychologist Kelly McGonigal's wildly popular course "The Science of Willpower," The Willpower Instinct is the first book to explain the science of self-control and how it can be harnessed to improve our health, happiness, and productivity. Informed by the latest research and combining cutting-edge insights from psychology, economics, neuroscience, and medicine, The Willpower Instinct explains exactly what willpower is, how it works, and why it matters. For example, readers will learn: • Willpower is a mind-body response, not a virtue. It is a biological function that can be improved through mindfulness, exercise, nutrition, and sleep. • Willpower is not an unlimited resource. Too much self-control can actually be bad for your health. • Temptation and stress hijack the brain's systems of self-control, but the brain can be trained for greater willpower • Guilt and shame over your setbacks lead to giving in again, but self-forgiveness and self-compassion boost self-control. • Giving up control is sometimes the only way to gain self-control. • Willpower failures are contagious—you can catch the desire to overspend or overeat from your friends—but you can also catch self-control from the right role models. In the groundbreaking tradition of Getting Things Done, The Willpower Instinct combines life-changing prescriptive advice and complementary exercises to help readers with goals ranging from losing weight to more patient parenting, less procrastination, better health, and greater productivity at work.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 1583335080
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
Based on Stanford University psychologist Kelly McGonigal's wildly popular course "The Science of Willpower," The Willpower Instinct is the first book to explain the science of self-control and how it can be harnessed to improve our health, happiness, and productivity. Informed by the latest research and combining cutting-edge insights from psychology, economics, neuroscience, and medicine, The Willpower Instinct explains exactly what willpower is, how it works, and why it matters. For example, readers will learn: • Willpower is a mind-body response, not a virtue. It is a biological function that can be improved through mindfulness, exercise, nutrition, and sleep. • Willpower is not an unlimited resource. Too much self-control can actually be bad for your health. • Temptation and stress hijack the brain's systems of self-control, but the brain can be trained for greater willpower • Guilt and shame over your setbacks lead to giving in again, but self-forgiveness and self-compassion boost self-control. • Giving up control is sometimes the only way to gain self-control. • Willpower failures are contagious—you can catch the desire to overspend or overeat from your friends—but you can also catch self-control from the right role models. In the groundbreaking tradition of Getting Things Done, The Willpower Instinct combines life-changing prescriptive advice and complementary exercises to help readers with goals ranging from losing weight to more patient parenting, less procrastination, better health, and greater productivity at work.
Stop Procrastinating
Author: Nils Salzgeber
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781987631050
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Do you feel like your potential is severely limited due to your procrastination habit? Are you tired of the guilt, stress, and overwhelm that comes with procrastination? Do you want to learn the secret to getting things done quickly and effectively, so that you can increase your success in all areas of life? In this no-fluff and action-oriented book, you'll discover the real reason behind your procrastination (there's only one!) and you'll find potent tools to help you overcome procrastination for good. In Stop Procrastinating You'll Discover... More than 20 science-based strategies designed to help you overcome laziness, free yourself from excessive guilt, and get things done whether you feel like it or not. A simple strategy for programming your unconscious mind to act in any way you like New research explaining differences between procrastinators and non-procrastinators (Hint: procrastination is not your fault.) Why criticizing yourself always leads to more procrastination and what to do instead The 30-second trick to build "instant habits" so you can wake up early, exercise regularly, and get more done without wasting any willpower A quick walkthrough of the new science of willpower: why you need it, easy ways to get more of it, and step-by-step advice on how you'll use it to overcome procrastination Why your granny doesn't procrastinate (the alarming link between technology, distractions, and procrastination... and what you must do to escape this trap) Rarely discussed but highly researched strategies that tackle the root cause of procrastination... allowing you to quickly relieve guilt, feel better about yourself, and as a result get more done Whether you're a failing student, aspiring entrepreneur, stay-at-home mom, or just someone who's constantly struggling for motivation - know that by following the information in Stop Procrastinating, you can overcome procrastination. More importantly, you can finally realize your potential, go after your dreams, and enjoy life without constantly feeling guilty or stressed out. Don't wait. Learn How to Overcome Procrastination by Clicking the "Buy Now" Button at the Top of the Page.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781987631050
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Do you feel like your potential is severely limited due to your procrastination habit? Are you tired of the guilt, stress, and overwhelm that comes with procrastination? Do you want to learn the secret to getting things done quickly and effectively, so that you can increase your success in all areas of life? In this no-fluff and action-oriented book, you'll discover the real reason behind your procrastination (there's only one!) and you'll find potent tools to help you overcome procrastination for good. In Stop Procrastinating You'll Discover... More than 20 science-based strategies designed to help you overcome laziness, free yourself from excessive guilt, and get things done whether you feel like it or not. A simple strategy for programming your unconscious mind to act in any way you like New research explaining differences between procrastinators and non-procrastinators (Hint: procrastination is not your fault.) Why criticizing yourself always leads to more procrastination and what to do instead The 30-second trick to build "instant habits" so you can wake up early, exercise regularly, and get more done without wasting any willpower A quick walkthrough of the new science of willpower: why you need it, easy ways to get more of it, and step-by-step advice on how you'll use it to overcome procrastination Why your granny doesn't procrastinate (the alarming link between technology, distractions, and procrastination... and what you must do to escape this trap) Rarely discussed but highly researched strategies that tackle the root cause of procrastination... allowing you to quickly relieve guilt, feel better about yourself, and as a result get more done Whether you're a failing student, aspiring entrepreneur, stay-at-home mom, or just someone who's constantly struggling for motivation - know that by following the information in Stop Procrastinating, you can overcome procrastination. More importantly, you can finally realize your potential, go after your dreams, and enjoy life without constantly feeling guilty or stressed out. Don't wait. Learn How to Overcome Procrastination by Clicking the "Buy Now" Button at the Top of the Page.
The Procrastination Cure: 21 Proven Tactics for Conquering Your Inner Procrastinator, Mastering Your Time, and Boosting Your Productivity!
Author: Damon Zahariades
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781521345474
Category : Procrastination
Languages : en
Pages : 166
Book Description
Learn How To Take Quick Action, Make Fast Decisions, And Get More Done In Less Time! Do you regularly procrastinate? Do you often struggle to get started on important projects? Do you allow tasks to pile up until they make you feel stressed and overwhelmed?If so, there's a simple solution: THE PROCRASTINATION CURE.Imagine looking at your to-do list and immediately tackling, completing, and crossing off tasks. Imagine making quick decisions regarding which projects receive your immediate attention. Imagine finishing your work each day with hours to spare!Amazon bestselling author, Damon Zahariades, provides a start-to-finish blueprint for beating your inner procrastinator. He'll show you, step by step, how to overcome your tendency to put off important chores, projects, and activities, and consistently take action that catapults your productivity.You'll receive more than 21 proven tactics for conquering your impulse to procrastinate. You'll also learn the REASONS you procrastinate, along with actionable advice on how to nip them in the bud.In THE PROCRASTINATION CURE, you'll discover: The 13 most common reasons people postpone taking action Why your to-do list might be encouraging you to procrastinate (and what to do about it) How to create an action-prompting reward system tailored to your personal proclivities 4 easy tips for silencing your inner perfectionist and getting to work Surprising advice from Mark Twain on how to beat procrastination The one decision that'll spur you to take action and complete tasks in record time The power of accountability (and how to find the perfect partner) How to prioritize tasks and projects according to your personal goals A 3-step system for tracking your energy levels, and using the data to maximize your productivity How to use Time Chunking to tackle large, daunting projects One of the most common forms of self-sabotage (and how to avoid it) How to muzzle your inner critic and eliminate negative self-talk A curious strategy novelist Victor Hugo successfully used to tame his inner procrastinator And much, much more! Plus, you'll receive 3 BONUS tactics, each of which will prove instrumental in overcoming your inner procrastinator. There's also a BONUS SECTION that includes detailed answers to common questions asked about how to curb the procrastination habit.THE PROCRASTINATION CURE is for anyone who struggles to take action. Whether you're a student, corporate executive, entrepreneur, or stay-at-home parent, the tactics described in this book can set the stage for a personal transformation.Grab your copy of THE PROCRASTINATION CURE today to finally conquer your inner procrastinator and get to work on tasks and projects you're tempted to put off until later!This how-to guide is written in the great self-help, personal development tradition of Cal Newport, David Allen, and S.J. Scott.Scroll to the top of the page and click the "BUY NOW" button!
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781521345474
Category : Procrastination
Languages : en
Pages : 166
Book Description
Learn How To Take Quick Action, Make Fast Decisions, And Get More Done In Less Time! Do you regularly procrastinate? Do you often struggle to get started on important projects? Do you allow tasks to pile up until they make you feel stressed and overwhelmed?If so, there's a simple solution: THE PROCRASTINATION CURE.Imagine looking at your to-do list and immediately tackling, completing, and crossing off tasks. Imagine making quick decisions regarding which projects receive your immediate attention. Imagine finishing your work each day with hours to spare!Amazon bestselling author, Damon Zahariades, provides a start-to-finish blueprint for beating your inner procrastinator. He'll show you, step by step, how to overcome your tendency to put off important chores, projects, and activities, and consistently take action that catapults your productivity.You'll receive more than 21 proven tactics for conquering your impulse to procrastinate. You'll also learn the REASONS you procrastinate, along with actionable advice on how to nip them in the bud.In THE PROCRASTINATION CURE, you'll discover: The 13 most common reasons people postpone taking action Why your to-do list might be encouraging you to procrastinate (and what to do about it) How to create an action-prompting reward system tailored to your personal proclivities 4 easy tips for silencing your inner perfectionist and getting to work Surprising advice from Mark Twain on how to beat procrastination The one decision that'll spur you to take action and complete tasks in record time The power of accountability (and how to find the perfect partner) How to prioritize tasks and projects according to your personal goals A 3-step system for tracking your energy levels, and using the data to maximize your productivity How to use Time Chunking to tackle large, daunting projects One of the most common forms of self-sabotage (and how to avoid it) How to muzzle your inner critic and eliminate negative self-talk A curious strategy novelist Victor Hugo successfully used to tame his inner procrastinator And much, much more! Plus, you'll receive 3 BONUS tactics, each of which will prove instrumental in overcoming your inner procrastinator. There's also a BONUS SECTION that includes detailed answers to common questions asked about how to curb the procrastination habit.THE PROCRASTINATION CURE is for anyone who struggles to take action. Whether you're a student, corporate executive, entrepreneur, or stay-at-home parent, the tactics described in this book can set the stage for a personal transformation.Grab your copy of THE PROCRASTINATION CURE today to finally conquer your inner procrastinator and get to work on tasks and projects you're tempted to put off until later!This how-to guide is written in the great self-help, personal development tradition of Cal Newport, David Allen, and S.J. Scott.Scroll to the top of the page and click the "BUY NOW" button!
Breakdown of Will
Author: George Ainslie
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521596947
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
Ainslie argues that our responses to the threat of our own inconsistency determine the basic fabric of human culture. He suggests that individuals are more like populations of bargaining agents than like the hierarchical command structures envisaged by cognitive psychologists. The forces that create and constrain these populations help us understand so much that is puzzling in human action and interaction: from addictions and other self-defeating behaviors to the experience of willfulness, from pathological over-control and self-deception to subtler forms of behavior such as altruism, sadism, gambling, and the 'social construction' of belief. This book integrates approaches from experimental psychology, philosophy of mind, microeconomics, and decision science to present one of the most profound and expert accounts of human irrationality available. It will be of great interest to philosophers and an important resource for professionals and students in psychology, economics and political science.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521596947
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
Book Description
Ainslie argues that our responses to the threat of our own inconsistency determine the basic fabric of human culture. He suggests that individuals are more like populations of bargaining agents than like the hierarchical command structures envisaged by cognitive psychologists. The forces that create and constrain these populations help us understand so much that is puzzling in human action and interaction: from addictions and other self-defeating behaviors to the experience of willfulness, from pathological over-control and self-deception to subtler forms of behavior such as altruism, sadism, gambling, and the 'social construction' of belief. This book integrates approaches from experimental psychology, philosophy of mind, microeconomics, and decision science to present one of the most profound and expert accounts of human irrationality available. It will be of great interest to philosophers and an important resource for professionals and students in psychology, economics and political science.