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Author: George W Gokel
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788010914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
Crown Ethers and Cryptands introduces the broad and basic principles of crown ether and cryptand chemistry at the advanced undergraduate, graduate and working professional level. The book provides a brief introduction, outlining the history of the field and goes on to cover syntheses, complexation of cations and molecules, complex structures, applications and recent developments. It aims to acquaint readers with the scope and principles of the field, providing a bibliography of reviews and books as reference to further reading and citations of the original literature.
Author: George W Gokel
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788010914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
Crown Ethers and Cryptands introduces the broad and basic principles of crown ether and cryptand chemistry at the advanced undergraduate, graduate and working professional level. The book provides a brief introduction, outlining the history of the field and goes on to cover syntheses, complexation of cations and molecules, complex structures, applications and recent developments. It aims to acquaint readers with the scope and principles of the field, providing a bibliography of reviews and books as reference to further reading and citations of the original literature.
Author: George W. Gokel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : ja
Pages : 216
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Book Description
This book introduces the broad and basic principles of crown ether and cryptand chemistry at the advanced undergraduate, graduate and working professional level.
Author: George W. Gokel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780851867045
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Crown Ethers and Cryptands introduces the broad and basic principles of crown ether and cryptand chemistry at the advanced undergraduate, graduate and working professional level. The book provides a brief introduction, outlining the history of the field and goes on to cover syntheses, complexation of cations and molecules, complex structures, applications and recent developments. It aims to acquaint readers with the scope and principles of the field, providing a bibliography of reviews and books as reference to further reading and citations of the original literature.
Author: F. Vögtle
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642701086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
The scientific and practical interest in coronands (crown ethers), cryptands, podands as complexing agents for cations as well as for anions and neutral low molecular species is undeniable 1,2). The chemistry of crown compounds is steadily increasing. About 250 original papers dealing with crown chemistry appeared only in 1980. New molecules· with crown ether properties are constantly synthesized and new applications discov,?red. Owing to lack of space, only a small number of the original publications is men tioned here. Thus, in the literature compilation only some, but relevant works are selected for each chapter. Whenever possible, reference is made to reviews or review-like articles alone by means of which origin,al works can be consulted. The reviews given under ref. 1) are considered to be the most relevant. The formulae presented in the figures should be understood as representative structures outlining a specific field. 2 Classification of Oligo-/Multidentate Neutral Ligands and of their Complexes Today, a distinction is made between the classical ring oligoethers (crown ethers) and monocyclic coronands, oligocyclic spherical cryptands and the acyclic podands with respect to topological aspects 3). This classification and the topology are illustrated in Fig. 1, each figure representing the minimum number of donor atoms and chain segments characteristic of each class of compounds. Multidentate mono cyclic ligands with any type of donor atoms are called coronands ("crown compounds"), while the term crown ether should be reserved for cyclic oligoethers exclusively containing oxygen as donor atom.
Author: Luigi Fabbrizzi
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1786343711
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Cryptands were introduced by Jean-Marie Lehn in 1969 as cage-shaped selective ligands for alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions, which lie at the heart of supramolecular chemistry. This book reports on much of the research in the field since the '70s, and looks at, amongst other topics, metal coordination chemistry, anion coordination chemistry, the encapsulation and taming of reactive anions, the formation of cascade complexes and the design of fluorescent sensors for ionic analytes.Cryptands and Cryptates has been written as a coursebook, structured as a series of lectures for graduate students or advanced researchers in chemistry, materials science, chemical biology and nanotechnology. It is fully illustrated to show experiments and results, and is intended to stimulate further interest in this fertile field of supramolecular chemistry.Chapters are preceded by a Foreword by Jean-Marie Lehn.
Author: N. V. Gerbeleu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527613811
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 574
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Book Description
The synthesis of macrocycles is an art in itself. Template-controlled synthesis provides elegant access to fascinating macrocyclic structures. Polyazamacrocycles, crown ethers, cryptands, rotaxanes, knots -- the range of macrocyclic compounds is as broad as their potential application as molecular switches, in ion exchange, electron transfer or catalysis. This book provides authoritative information on all aspects of template-controlled macrocyclizations. It covers in depth the current state of research on template processes - novel synthetic techniques and mechanistic approaches. The critical discussion of the diverse synthetic routes includes the detailed characterization of the broad variety of macrocyclic products. References to applications of macrocyclic compounds and over 1,500 citations make this handbook an indispensable tool for chemists in academia and industry. Researchers in organic and supramolecular chemistry, biotechnology, and inorganic chemistry will find inspiration for the design, synthesis, and myriad uses of new synthetic macrocycles.
Author: Mandeep Dalal
Publisher: Dalal Institute
ISBN: 8195242731
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
An advanced-level textbook of organic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of the four-volume series, entitled “A Textbook of Organic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV”. CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Nature of Bonding in Organic molecules: Delocalized chemical bonding; Conjugation; Cross conjugation; Resonance; Hyperconjugation; Tautomerism; Aromaticity in benzenoid and nonbenzenoid compounds; Alternant and non-alternant hydrocarbons; Huckel’s rule: Energy level of p-molecular orbitals; Annulenes; Antiaromaticity; Homo-aromaticity; PMO approach; Bonds weaker than covalent; Addition compounds: crown ether complexes and cryptands, inclusion compounds, cyclodextrins; Catenanes and rotaxanes. Chapter 2. Stereochemistry: Chirality; Elements of symmetry; Molecules with more than one chiral centre: diastereomerism; Determination of relative and absolute configuration (octant rule excluded) with special reference to lactic acid, alanine & mandelic acid; Methods of resolution; Optical purity; Prochirality; Enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces; Asymmetric synthesis: Cram’s Rule and its modifications, Prelog’s rule; Conformational analysis of cycloalkanes (upto six membered rings); Decalins; Conformations of sugars; Optical activity in absence of chiral carbon (biphenyls, allenes and spiranes); Chirality due to helical shape; Geometrical isomerism in alkenes and oximes; Methods of determining the configuration. Chapter 3. Reaction Mechanism: Structure and Reactivity: Types of mechanisms; Types of reactions; Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements; Kinetic and thermodynamic control; Hammond’s postulate; Curtin-Hammett principle; Potential energy diagrams: Transition states and intermediates; Methods of determining mechanisms; Isotope effects; Hard and soft acids and bases; Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes and nitrenes; Effect of structure on reactivity; The Hammett equation and linear free energy relationship; Substituent and reaction constants; Taft equation. Chapter 4. Carbohydrates: Types of naturally occurring sugars; Deoxy sugars; Amino sugars; Branch chain sugars; General methods of determination of structure and ring size of sugars with particular reference to maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch and cellulose. Chapter 5. Natural and Synthetic Dyes: Various classes of synthetic dyes including heterocyclic dyes; Interaction between dyes and fibers; Structure elucidation of indigo and Alizarin. Chapter 6. Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN2, SN1, mixed SN1 and SN2, SNi , SN1’, SN2’, SNi’ and SET mechanisms; The neighbouring group mechanisms; Neighbouring group participation by p and s bonds; Anchimeric assistance; Classical and nonclassical carbocations; Phenonium ions; Common carbocation rearrangements; Applications of NMR spectroscopy in the detection of carbocations; Reactivity- effects of substrate structure, attacking nucleophile, leaving group and reaction medium; Ambident nucleophiles and regioselectivity; Phase transfer catalysis. Chapter 7. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution: Bimolecular mechanisms – SE2 and SEi; The SE1 mechanism; Electrophilic substitution accompained by double bond shifts; Effect of substrates, leaving group and the solvent polarity on the reactivity. Chapter 8. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution: The arenium ion mechanism; Orientation and reactivity; Energy profile diagrams; The ortho/para ratio; ipso attack; Orientation in other ring systems; Quantitative treatment of reactivity in substrates and electrophiles; Diazonium coupling; Vilsmeir reaction; Gattermann-Koch reaction. Chapter 9. Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: The ArSN1, ArSN2, benzyne and SRN1 mechanisms; Reactivity – effect of substrate structure, leaving group and attacking nucleophile; The von Richter, Sommelet-Hauser, and Smiles rearrangements. Chapter 10. Elimination Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms; Orientation of the double bond; Reactivity – effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group and the medium; Mechanism and orientation in pyrolytic elimination. Chapter 11. Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds: Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals; Regio–and chemoselectivity: orientation and reactivity; Addition to cyclopropane ring; Hydrogenation of double and triple bonds; Hydrogenation of aromatic rings; Hydroboration; Michael reaction; Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. Chapter 12. Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds: Mechanism of metal hydride reduction of saturated and unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acids, esters and nitriles; Addition of Grignard reagents, organozinc and organolithium reagents to carbonyl and unsaturated carbonyl compounds; Wittig reaction; Mechanism of condensation reactions involving enolates – Aldol, Knoevenagel, Claisen, Mannich, Benzoin, Perkin and Stobbe reactions; Hydrolysis of esters and amides; Ammonolysis of esters.
Author: Kristi Lew
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
ISBN: 143585330X
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Explains the characteristics of alkali metals, where they are found, how they are used by humans, and their relationship to other elements found in the periodic table.
Author: Stephen R. Cooper
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Crown ethers
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Author: Frank H. Herbstein
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191523577
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1352
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive and unified account of the structure and properties of crystalline binary adducts. Perhaps better known as molecular complexes and compounds, these crystals are currently estimated (from molecular recognition studies) to make up one quarter of the world's crystals, providing evidence for some sort of special attraction between the two components. DNA is perhaps the most famous example but others (hydrates, solvates, host-guest inclusion complexes, donor-acceptor compounds) pervade the whole body of solid state chemistry. Although much research has been published, there has never been a comprehensive and unified treatment of the whole field. This book has been designed to fill this gap, comparing and contrasting the various examples and the different types of interaction (hydrogen bonding, inclusion and localized or delocalized charge transfer). More than 600 figures, 200 tables and 3500 references are included in the book. Since most 'parent compounds' form a number of adducts, the fraction of crystalline binary adducts is only going to grow making this account just the 'tip of the iceberg'.
