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Author: Yahaya Hashim
Publisher: Nordic Africa Institute
ISBN: 9789171064493
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The authors of this study challenge the assumptions of the World Bank that the expansion in informal cross-border trade is a vindication of the market-liberalizing thrust of structural adjustment, and that adjustment policies have improved the effectiveness of an "independent" bourgeoisie that is emerging out of this trade as an agent of regional integration. Instead, they make the case for the adoption of what they call a "development approach" for tapping the benefits of the informal currency markets, as an alternative to the "market coercion" of structural adjustment.
Author: Yahaya Hashim
Publisher: Nordic Africa Institute
ISBN: 9789171064493
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 128
Get Book Here
Book Description
The authors of this study challenge the assumptions of the World Bank that the expansion in informal cross-border trade is a vindication of the market-liberalizing thrust of structural adjustment, and that adjustment policies have improved the effectiveness of an "independent" bourgeoisie that is emerging out of this trade as an agent of regional integration. Instead, they make the case for the adoption of what they call a "development approach" for tapping the benefits of the informal currency markets, as an alternative to the "market coercion" of structural adjustment.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451943229
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
The paper reviews recent theoretical and empirical developments in the analysis of informal currency markets in developing countries. The basic characteristics of these markets are highlighted, and alternative analytical models to explain them are discussed. The implications for exchange rate policy —including imposition of foreign exchange restrictions, devaluation, and unification of exchange markets— in countries with a sizable parallel market are also examined.
Author: Miguel A. Kiguel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349255203
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
'...the most definitive study of the subject, assembling an all-star cast to address the many outstanding questions and succeeding beyond expectations in combining elegant theory and state of the art econometrics to reach very sensible policy conclusions.' - Mohsin S. Khan, Deputy Director, Research Department, International Monetary Fund ' This book fills an important vacuum in the literature of the economic consequences of parallel markets and should prove of great value to students of economic development and to policy-makers in developing countries as they struggle to reform their exchange rate and trade incentive systems. Here they will find all that they need to know.' - Vittorio Corbo, Professor of Economics, Universidad Catolica de Chile 'A most comprehensive treatment of the relationships between parallel foreign exchange markets and macroeconomic policies, both across countries and over time. The book substantially enhances our understanding of how these systems work in practice and will be of great interest to policy-makers, researchers and graduate students of economic policy.' - Samuel M. Wangwe, Professor of Economics, University of Dar es Salaam and Executive Director, Economic and Social Research Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania This book examines extensive empirical evidence on the macroeconomic implications of parallel exchange rates in developing countries. Eight case-studies from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey provide detailed evidence on the emergence of parallel exchange rates, their impact on macroeconomic performance, and the criteria for successful exchange-rate unification. A chapter on European dual exchange rates summarizes the contrasting experience of industrial countries. An overview chapter lays out the analytical framework, assesses the evidence, and draws policy conclusions.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498330282
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
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Author: Bouet, Antoine
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Informal cross-border trade (ICBT) represents a prominent phenomenon in Africa. Several studies suggest that for certain products and countries, the value of informal trade may meet or even exceed the value of formal trade. This paper provides a review of existing efforts to measure informal trade. We list 18 initiatives aimed at measuring ICBT in Africa. The paper also summarizes discussions conducted with many stakeholders in Africa between December 2016 and May 2018 regarding the measurement, the determinants, and the implications of ICBT. The methodologies used to measure ICBT in Africa differ widely, but they do confirm that informal trade in Africa is both sizeable and volatile. Both evidence on the determinants of ICBT and discussions with stakeholders suggest that policies should aim to reduce the existing costs associated with formal trade and provide positive incentives for traders and producers to move into the formal economy in order to avoid the loss of economic potential stemming from informal trade.
Author: Ernesto May
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
This paper provides a theoretical framework to understand the way in which exchange controls modify the behavior of the different agents in the economy, leading to the creation of a parallel market economy. It gives the necessary theoretical elements to analyze this parallel market economy and provides a simple methodology to obtain relevant quantitative information about it. Finally, the paper elaborates on some of the policy implications of the existence of a parallel market economy. The model developed shows that the parallel market activities can be explained through the optimizing behavior of exporters and importers, which determines the amount of import and export smuggling, the level of the rent-seeking activity, and the black market exchange rate that is consistent with an equilibrium position where no one has any more incentives to move from their attained position. A method to detect the presence, and assess the magnitude of the parallel market economy, as well as to explain its behavior quantitatively, is then developed and applied to the case of Ghana.
Author: Mr.Simon T Gray
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513568639
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Some central banks have maintained overvalued official exchange rates, while unable to ensure that supply of foreign exchange meets legitimate demand for current account transactions at that price. A parallel exchange rate market develops, in such circumstances; and when the spread between the official and parallel rates is both substantial and sustained, price levels in the economy typically reflect the parallel market exchange rate. “Recognizing reality” by allowing economic agents to use a market clearing rate benefits economic activity without necessarily leading to more inflation. But a unified, market-clearing exchange rate will not stabilize without a supportive fiscal and monetary context. A number of country case studies are included; my thanks to Jie Ren for pulling together all the data for the country case studies, and the production of the charts.
Author: Luciana Juvenal
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513525379
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
This paper provides a dataset on the currency composition of the international investment position for a group of 50 countries for the period 1990-2017. It improves available data based on estimates by incorporating actual data reported by statistical authorities and refining estimation methods. The paper illustrates current and new uses of these data, with particular focus on the evolution of currency exposures of cross-border positions.
Author: Gary Klopfenstein
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471569480
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
For commodity traders and portfolio managers--a practical, hands-onguide to profiting in today's growing international cross ratemarkets. Cross rates trading is growing increasingly popular,fueled in no small part by banks and multinationals seekingcreative strategies for hedging currency risk and speculatorsseeking profits from interest rate plays and exchange rate moves.Trading Currency Cross Rates is the passkey to this vastlyprofitable financial sector. Written for the experienced tradermoving into the currency futures and foreign exchange cash markets,as well as for the corporate portfolio manager seeking to limitcompany exposure, this professional guide covers the fundamentalsof today's cross rates markets and delivers the step-by-steptechniques needed to trade cross rates successfully. Packed withcharts and tables that apply over a broad range of internationalmarkets and currencies, the guide: * Explains what cross rates are and profiles the different typesthat currently are traded * Shows whether to trade on an agency or principal basis, and howto avoid counterparty failure * Covers the building blocks of currency valuation and the bestmethods for forecasting moves in currency cross rates * Reveals how to profitably trade exotic cross rates amongcurrencies from the Pacific Rim and Middle East * Explains how to cross over to the growing interbank currencymarket, and which fundamental and technical analysis techniquesspecifically apply to it * Discusses how to easily adapt any current trading system and itsinput to the profitable cash markets Featuring the expertise of a leading cross rates trading expert ina concise, direct, accessible format, Trading Currency Cross Ratesis the dependable, single-source guide to trading cross ratessuccessfully.
Author: Brian Twomey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118149351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
A complete resource to trading today's currency market Currency movements are impacted by a variety of factors, including interest rates, trade balances, inflation levels, monetary and fiscal policies, and the political climate. Traders use both fundamental data and a variety of technical tools to trade within this market. Inside the Currency Market describes both the underlying dynamics that drive this market and the strategies that can help you capture consistent profits in it. Page by page, this reliable guide skillfully discusses the structure of the market, its roles in the global economy, the forces that drive currency values, trading strategies, and tactics. It also offers a detailed understanding of how global financial flows, derivatives, and other markets such as oil and gold impact currencies. Along the way, author and professor Brian Twomey provides information on gathering and analyzing global financial data so that traders can gain a "big-picture" perspective when attempting to identify trades. Explains virtually every element of the market and can function as a desk reference that puts everyday events into context for traders Fundamentally driven trades based on interest rate differentials and trade imbalances are discussed, as well as technical trades involving chart patterns, trends, and trading ranges Each chapter contains questions and answers to help readers master the material The currency market continues to generate interest and attract new retail traders due to the many opportunities available within it. This book will show you how to successfully operate within this arena by making the most informed trading decisions possible.
