Author: Geert Lovink
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789078146131
Category : Electronic encyclopedias
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
For millions of internet users around the globe, the search for new knowledge begins with Wikipedia. The encyclopedia's rapid rise, novel organization, and freely offered content have been marveled at and denounced by a host of commentators. This book moves beyond unflagging praise, well-worn facts, and questions about its reliability and accuracy, to unveil the complex, messy, and controversial realities of a distributed knowledge platform. The essays, interviews and artworks brought together in this reader form part of the overarching 'Critical Point of View' research initiative, which began with a conference in Bangalore (January 2010), followed by events in Amsterdam (March 2010) and Leipzig (September 2010). With an emphasis on theoretical reflection, cultural difference and indeed, critique, contributions to this collection ask: What values are embedded in Wikipedia's software? On what basis are Wikipedia's claims to neutrality made?
Critical Point of View
Author: Geert Lovink
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789078146131
Category : Electronic encyclopedias
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
For millions of internet users around the globe, the search for new knowledge begins with Wikipedia. The encyclopedia's rapid rise, novel organization, and freely offered content have been marveled at and denounced by a host of commentators. This book moves beyond unflagging praise, well-worn facts, and questions about its reliability and accuracy, to unveil the complex, messy, and controversial realities of a distributed knowledge platform. The essays, interviews and artworks brought together in this reader form part of the overarching 'Critical Point of View' research initiative, which began with a conference in Bangalore (January 2010), followed by events in Amsterdam (March 2010) and Leipzig (September 2010). With an emphasis on theoretical reflection, cultural difference and indeed, critique, contributions to this collection ask: What values are embedded in Wikipedia's software? On what basis are Wikipedia's claims to neutrality made?
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789078146131
Category : Electronic encyclopedias
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
For millions of internet users around the globe, the search for new knowledge begins with Wikipedia. The encyclopedia's rapid rise, novel organization, and freely offered content have been marveled at and denounced by a host of commentators. This book moves beyond unflagging praise, well-worn facts, and questions about its reliability and accuracy, to unveil the complex, messy, and controversial realities of a distributed knowledge platform. The essays, interviews and artworks brought together in this reader form part of the overarching 'Critical Point of View' research initiative, which began with a conference in Bangalore (January 2010), followed by events in Amsterdam (March 2010) and Leipzig (September 2010). With an emphasis on theoretical reflection, cultural difference and indeed, critique, contributions to this collection ask: What values are embedded in Wikipedia's software? On what basis are Wikipedia's claims to neutrality made?
Critical Point
Author: S. L. Huang
Publisher: Tor Books
ISBN: 9781250180360
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
S. L. Huang's Critical Point is a breakout SF thriller for fans of John Scalzi and Greg Rucka. Math-genius mercenary Cas Russell has stopped a shadow organization from brainwashing the world and discovered her past was deliberately erased and her superhuman abilities deliberately created. And that's just the start: when a demolitions expert targets Cas and her friends, and the hidden conspiracy behind Cas's past starts to reappear, the past, present, and future collide in a race to save one of her dearest friends.
Publisher: Tor Books
ISBN: 9781250180360
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
S. L. Huang's Critical Point is a breakout SF thriller for fans of John Scalzi and Greg Rucka. Math-genius mercenary Cas Russell has stopped a shadow organization from brainwashing the world and discovered her past was deliberately erased and her superhuman abilities deliberately created. And that's just the start: when a demolitions expert targets Cas and her friends, and the hidden conspiracy behind Cas's past starts to reappear, the past, present, and future collide in a race to save one of her dearest friends.
The Cortex and the Critical Point
Author: John M. Beggs
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262544032
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs—one of the pioneers of this hypothesis—offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain. Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences—first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets.
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262544032
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs—one of the pioneers of this hypothesis—offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain. Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences—first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets.
Critical Point Theory and Submanifold Geometry
Author: Richard S. Palais
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540459960
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540459960
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
Linking Methods in Critical Point Theory
Author: Martin Schechter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780817640958
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
As is well known, The Great Divide (a.k.a. The Continental Divide) is formed by the Rocky Mountains stretching from north to south across North America. It creates a virtual "stone wall" so high that wind, rain, snow, etc. cannot cross it. This keeps the weather distinct on both sides. Since railroad trains cannot climb steep grades and tunnels through these mountains are almost formidable, the Canadian Pacific Railroad searched for a mountain pass providing the lowest grade for its tracks. Employees discovered a suitable mountain pass, called the Kicking Horse Pass, el. 5404 ft., near Banff, Alberta. (One can speculate as to the reason for the name.) This pass is also used by the Trans-Canada Highway. At the highest point of the pass the railroad tracks are horizontal with mountains rising on both sides. A mountain stream divides into two branches, one flowing into the Atlantic Ocean and the other into the Pacific. One can literally stand (as the author did) with one foot in the Atlantic Ocean and the other in the Pacific. The author has observed many mountain passes in the Rocky Mountains and Alps. What connections do mountain passes have with nonlinear partial dif ferential equations? To find out, read on ...
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780817640958
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
As is well known, The Great Divide (a.k.a. The Continental Divide) is formed by the Rocky Mountains stretching from north to south across North America. It creates a virtual "stone wall" so high that wind, rain, snow, etc. cannot cross it. This keeps the weather distinct on both sides. Since railroad trains cannot climb steep grades and tunnels through these mountains are almost formidable, the Canadian Pacific Railroad searched for a mountain pass providing the lowest grade for its tracks. Employees discovered a suitable mountain pass, called the Kicking Horse Pass, el. 5404 ft., near Banff, Alberta. (One can speculate as to the reason for the name.) This pass is also used by the Trans-Canada Highway. At the highest point of the pass the railroad tracks are horizontal with mountains rising on both sides. A mountain stream divides into two branches, one flowing into the Atlantic Ocean and the other into the Pacific. One can literally stand (as the author did) with one foot in the Atlantic Ocean and the other in the Pacific. The author has observed many mountain passes in the Rocky Mountains and Alps. What connections do mountain passes have with nonlinear partial dif ferential equations? To find out, read on ...
Critical Point Theory and Its Applications
Author: Wenming Zou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387329684
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 323
Book Description
This book presents some of the latest research in critical point theory, describing methods and presenting the newest applications. Coverage includes extrema, even valued functionals, weak and double linking, sign changing solutions, Morse inequalities, and cohomology groups. Applications described include Hamiltonian systems, Schrödinger equations and systems, jumping nonlinearities, elliptic equations and systems, superlinear problems and beam equations.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387329684
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 323
Book Description
This book presents some of the latest research in critical point theory, describing methods and presenting the newest applications. Coverage includes extrema, even valued functionals, weak and double linking, sign changing solutions, Morse inequalities, and cohomology groups. Applications described include Hamiltonian systems, Schrödinger equations and systems, jumping nonlinearities, elliptic equations and systems, superlinear problems and beam equations.
Thinking about Film
Author: Dean Duncan
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
ISBN: 9780205582204
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
Perfect for the student who wants to learn to be a more active, intelligent film viewer, this supplement encourages critically thinking about films and also explains how to write a film review. The booklet also includes two helpful appendices, one with a list of essential films that serious movie watchers should see and the other with additional readings to help students keep learning.
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
ISBN: 9780205582204
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
Perfect for the student who wants to learn to be a more active, intelligent film viewer, this supplement encourages critically thinking about films and also explains how to write a film review. The booklet also includes two helpful appendices, one with a list of essential films that serious movie watchers should see and the other with additional readings to help students keep learning.
Critical Point Theory and Hamiltonian Systems
Author: Jean Mawhin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475720610
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
FACHGEB The last decade has seen a tremendous development in critical point theory in infinite dimensional spaces and its application to nonlinear boundary value problems. In particular, striking results were obtained in the classical problem of periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems. This book provides a systematic presentation of the most basic tools of critical point theory: minimization, convex functions and Fenchel transform, dual least action principle, Ekeland variational principle, minimax methods, Lusternik- Schirelmann theory for Z2 and S1 symmetries, Morse theory for possibly degenerate critical points and non-degenerate critical manifolds. Each technique is illustrated by applications to the discussion of the existence, multiplicity, and bifurcation of the periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems. Among the treated questions are the periodic solutions with fixed period or fixed energy of autonomous systems, the existence of subharmonics in the non-autonomous case, the asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems, free and forced superlinear problems. Application of those results to the equations of mechanical pendulum, to Josephson systems of solid state physics and to questions from celestial mechanics are given. The aim of the book is to introduce a reader familiar to more classical techniques of ordinary differential equations to the powerful approach of modern critical point theory. The style of the exposition has been adapted to this goal. The new topological tools are introduced in a progressive but detailed way and immediately applied to differential equation problems. The abstract tools can also be applied to partial differential equations and the reader will also find the basic references in this direction in the bibliography of more than 500 items which concludes the book. ERSCHEIN
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475720610
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
FACHGEB The last decade has seen a tremendous development in critical point theory in infinite dimensional spaces and its application to nonlinear boundary value problems. In particular, striking results were obtained in the classical problem of periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems. This book provides a systematic presentation of the most basic tools of critical point theory: minimization, convex functions and Fenchel transform, dual least action principle, Ekeland variational principle, minimax methods, Lusternik- Schirelmann theory for Z2 and S1 symmetries, Morse theory for possibly degenerate critical points and non-degenerate critical manifolds. Each technique is illustrated by applications to the discussion of the existence, multiplicity, and bifurcation of the periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems. Among the treated questions are the periodic solutions with fixed period or fixed energy of autonomous systems, the existence of subharmonics in the non-autonomous case, the asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems, free and forced superlinear problems. Application of those results to the equations of mechanical pendulum, to Josephson systems of solid state physics and to questions from celestial mechanics are given. The aim of the book is to introduce a reader familiar to more classical techniques of ordinary differential equations to the powerful approach of modern critical point theory. The style of the exposition has been adapted to this goal. The new topological tools are introduced in a progressive but detailed way and immediately applied to differential equation problems. The abstract tools can also be applied to partial differential equations and the reader will also find the basic references in this direction in the bibliography of more than 500 items which concludes the book. ERSCHEIN
Minimax Methods in Critical Point Theory with Applications to Differential Equations
Author: Paul H. Rabinowitz
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 0821807153
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Book Description
The book provides an introduction to minimax methods in critical point theory and shows their use in existence questions for nonlinear differential equations. An expanded version of the author's 1984 CBMS lectures, this volume is the first monograph devoted solely to these topics. Among the abstract questions considered are the following: the mountain pass and saddle point theorems, multiple critical points for functionals invariant under a group of symmetries, perturbations from symmetry, and variational methods in bifurcation theory. The book requires some background in functional analysis and differential equations, especially elliptic partial differential equations. It is addressed to mathematicians interested in differential equations and/or nonlinear functional analysis, particularly critical point theory.
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 0821807153
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 110
Book Description
The book provides an introduction to minimax methods in critical point theory and shows their use in existence questions for nonlinear differential equations. An expanded version of the author's 1984 CBMS lectures, this volume is the first monograph devoted solely to these topics. Among the abstract questions considered are the following: the mountain pass and saddle point theorems, multiple critical points for functionals invariant under a group of symmetries, perturbations from symmetry, and variational methods in bifurcation theory. The book requires some background in functional analysis and differential equations, especially elliptic partial differential equations. It is addressed to mathematicians interested in differential equations and/or nonlinear functional analysis, particularly critical point theory.
A Primer to the Theory of Critical Phenomena
Author: Jurgen M. Honig
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128048360
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
A Primer to the Theory of Critical Phenomena provides scientists in academia and industry, as well as graduate students in physics, chemistry, and geochemistry with the scientific fundamentals of critical phenomena and phase transitions. The book helps readers broaden their understanding of a field that has developed tremendously over the last forty years. The book also makes a great resource for graduate level instructors at universities. - Provides a thorough and accessible treatment of the fundamentals of critical phenomena - Offers an in-depth exposition on renormalization and field theory techniques - Includes experimental observations of critical effects - Includes live examples illustrating the applications of the theoretical material
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128048360
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
A Primer to the Theory of Critical Phenomena provides scientists in academia and industry, as well as graduate students in physics, chemistry, and geochemistry with the scientific fundamentals of critical phenomena and phase transitions. The book helps readers broaden their understanding of a field that has developed tremendously over the last forty years. The book also makes a great resource for graduate level instructors at universities. - Provides a thorough and accessible treatment of the fundamentals of critical phenomena - Offers an in-depth exposition on renormalization and field theory techniques - Includes experimental observations of critical effects - Includes live examples illustrating the applications of the theoretical material