Coupled Geochemical and Hydrological Processes Governing the Fate and Transport of Radionuclides and Toxic Metals Beneath the Hanford Tank Farms PDF Download
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Author: Scott Fendorf
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The goal of this research was to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of coupled hydrological and geochemical mechanisms that are responsible for the accelerated migration and immobilization of radionuclides and toxic metals in the badose zone beneath the Hanford Tank Farms.
Author: Scott Fendorf
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The goal of this research was to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of coupled hydrological and geochemical mechanisms that are responsible for the accelerated migration and immobilization of radionuclides and toxic metals in the badose zone beneath the Hanford Tank Farms.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Author: Scott E. Fendorf
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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This project addresses the goals of the Environmental Management Sciences Program (EMSP) that seeks innovative basic research to benefit cleanup technologies and decision-making strategies for contaminated environments. Our proposal specifically addresses Hanford research needs in subsurface science by contributing to the objectives of the Tank Farm Vadose Characterization Project and the 200 Area Remedial Action Project (http://www.bhi-erc.com/projects/vadose/sandt/stdocs/subneeds.pdf) which are components of the Hanford Site Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project (Integration Project). The work described in this proposal will advance the technological and scientific needs associated with the long-term management of the enormous inground inventories of 235/238U, 99Tc, 60Co, and Cr(VI) present at the Hanford site. We believe that scientifically defensible predictions of contaminant transport and strategies for remediation must be based upon a field-relevant understanding of coupled hydrological and geochemical processes that control subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This research project investigates the migration of 235/238U, 99Tc, 60Co, and Cr(VI) in undisturbed sediments from the Hanford site using realistic experimental protocols designed to delineate complex hydrological and geochemical processes controlling contaminant movement. The work complements and builds upon our current EMSP project 70219, which is scheduled to end this year, and our Hanford S&T project with PNNL (John Zachara as PI) that focuses on 90Sr transport beneath the BX tanks. The specific research goals of the following proposal are: (1) to provide an improved understanding of how preferential vertical and lateral flow, and the formation of immobile water influence the transport of radionuclides and toxic metals in heterogeneous, laminated sediments; (2) to quantify the rates and mechanisms of radionuclide and toxic metal interaction with the solid phase under various hydrologic conditions; and (3) provide new insights into how physical and mineralogical heterogeneities (e.g. stratification, pore regime connectivity, mineral composition along flowpaths) influence contaminant retardation and the degree of geochemical nonequilibrium during transport.
Author: M. A. Mayes
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
At the D.O.E. Hanford Reservation, accelerated migration of radionuclides has been observed in the vadose zone underlying the tank farms. Our goal is to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of the coupled hydrogeochemical mechanisms responsible for observed migration. Our approach is to perform a suite of experiments ranging from novel surface interrogation techniques (e.g., XAS) to miscible displacement experiments on disturbed and undisturbed sediments from the Hanford, Plio-Pleistocene and Ringold formations. Results indicate during unsaturated conditions hydrologic processes governing transport are a strong function of sediment layering in the Hanford and Ringold formations. The transport of radionuclides and toxic metals (U, Cr(VI), Cs, Sr and Co) is influenced by reactive geochemical nonequilibrium, sedimentary mineralogy and solution chemistry. This research will provide new insights into how physical and mineralogical heterogeneities (e.g. stratification, pore regime connectivity, mineral composition along flowpaths) influence contaminant retardation and degree of geochemical nonequilibrium during transport.
Author: Edgar Berkey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
This book presents leading-edge research on subsurface contamination remediaton being conducted through the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management Science Program (EMSP), addressing (1) remedial science and technology, (2) characterization, fate, and transport, and (3) environmental sensing and monitoring.
Author: Scott Fendorf
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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A long-term measure of the DOE Environmental Remediation Sciences Division is to provide sufficient scientific understanding to allow a significant fraction of DOE sites to incorporate coupled biological, chemical, and physical processes into decision making for environmental remediation and long-term stewardship by 2015. Our research targets two related, major obstacles to understanding and predicting contaminant transport at DOE sites: the heterogeneity of subsurface geologic media, and the scale dependence of experimental and modeled results.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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The purpose of this research is to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of the mechanisms that allow metal-reducing bacteria to be effective in the bioremediation of subsurface environments contaminated with toxic metals and radionuclides. The study is motivated by the likelihood that subsurface microbial activity can effectively alter the redox state of toxic metals and radionuclides so that they are immobilized for long time periods. The objectives are to: (1) develop an improved understanding of the rates and mechanisms of competing geochemical oxidation and microbiological reduction reactions that govern the fate and transport of redox-sensitive metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, and (2) quantify the conditions that optimize the microbial reduction of toxic metals and radionuclides, for the purpose of contaminant containment and remediation in heterogeneous systems that have competing geochemical oxidation, sorption, and organic ligands. The overall goal of this project is to use basic research to develop a cost effective remediation strategy that employs in-situ contaminant immobilzation. Specifically, the authors will develop active biowall technologies to contain priority EM contaminant plumes in groundwater. This report summarizes work after 1.5 y of a 3 y project.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
The purpose of this research is to provide an improved understanding and predictive capability of the mechanisms that allow metal-reducing bacteria to be effective in the bioremediation of subsurface environments contaminated with toxic metals and radionuclides. The study is motivated by the likelihood that subsurface microbial activity can effectively alter the redox state of toxic metals and radionuclides so that they are immobilized for long time periods. Our objectives are to (1) develop an improved understanding of the rates and mechanisms of competing geochemical oxidation and microbiological reduction reactions that govern the fate and transport of redox-sensitive metals and radionuclides in the subsurface, and (2) quantify the conditions that optimize the microbial reduction of toxic metals and radionuclides, for the purpose of contaminant containment and remediation in heterogeneous systems that have competing geochemical oxidation, sorption, and organic ligands. The overall goal of this project is to use basic research to develop a cost effective remediation strategy that employs in situ contaminant immobilization. Specifically, we will develop active biowall technologies to contain priority EM contaminant plumes in groundwater.
Author: Richard E. Jackson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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"The fate of radioactive wastes in the environment has received scientific attention for at least 25 years; in the 1970s, however, it has become a major issue in the public debate on the environmental impacts of nuclear power"--Introduction, page 1.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Since the late 1950s, leaks from 67 single-shell tanks at the Hanford Site have released about 1 million curies to the underlying sediments. At issue is the distribution of contaminants beneath the tanks, and the processes that led to their current disposition and will control their future mobility. The high ionic strength, high pH, and high aluminum concentrations in the tank liquids can significantly alter the vadose zone sediments through dissolution of primary minerals and precipitation of secondary minerals. Dissolution and precipitation directly influence (1) the flow paths that control contaminant transport and (2) the reactivity of the solid matrix that controls contaminant mobility. The impact of these processes, however, depends on mineral reaction kinetics and the dynamic interaction of the reactions with the flow field and contaminant sorption, neither of which are well-known for this extreme chemical system. Data obtained will be directly useful to other EMSP projects addressing contaminant mobility in the vadose zone. We are addressing three specific issues: (1) Recognized factors that control the kinetics of dissolution and precipitation must be quantified for the unnatural system of tank solutions mixing with soils, including effects of high pH, high ionic strength (especially NaNO3 solutions), temperature, and saturation state. (2) A clear understanding of the roles of nucleation mechanism, nucleation sites on soils minerals, and the role of reactive surface area in simultaneous dissolution and precipitation reactions are the key unknown components in comprehending this contaminated soil system. (3) Results obtained will help build a mechanistic understanding of how tank fluids migrate through the vadose zone. Local changes in porosity and permeability will dictate preferential flow paths which directly regulate the transport of later arriving chemical species. Changes in mineral surface area affect sorption site distribution. A comprehensive model is needed that integrates these feedback mechanisms with all the critically available data.
