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Author: Dalia Marin
Publisher: Mit Press
ISBN: 9780262133999
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
An institutional approach to explaining countertrade and barter in international trade and domestic trade in transition economies.
Author: Dalia Marin
Publisher: Mit Press
ISBN: 9780262133999
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
An institutional approach to explaining countertrade and barter in international trade and domestic trade in transition economies.
Author: Simon Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breach of contract
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Author: Dalia Marin
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262263757
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
An institutional approach to explaining countertrade and barter in international trade and domestic trade in transition economies. Difficulties in contract enforcement impede international transactions in the world economy and domestic transactions in transition economies. In Contracts in Trade and Transition, Dalia Marin and Monika Schnitzer explain how barter as an economic institution can facilitate contract enforcement across national borders in international trade and within borders in transition countries. The authors show that international countertrade—tying an export to an import—emerged in the 1980s in response to the international debt crisis when Western creditors refused to finance imports to developing countries and Eastern Europe. Barter—the exchange of goods without the use of money—reemerged in transition economies in the 1990s in response to a domestic debt crisis when banks in transition countries were reluctant to provide finance to firms. Countertrade and barter introduce a deal-specific form of collateral that addresses the lack of creditworthiness of countries and firms. Drawing on contract theory, the authors argue that parties might want to pay in goods rather than cash or link an export with an import as in countertrade to solve incentive problems that otherwise would prevent any trade from taking place. The incentive problems they discuss are the technology transfer problem to developing countries and the "lack of trust" problem in the former Soviet Union.
Author: Wilbur F. Monroe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author: Eugen Dimant
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640820290
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 97.5%, Ottawa University, course: Multinational Business Policy, language: English, abstract: Stemming from the ongoing globalization, the process of global integration and international trade has accelerated ever since. Where back in the days the trade was more or less bounded to inter-regional trade with customers, partners and countries in close proximity, nowadays goods are shipped throughout the world, costs of transportation have decreased, time to market has increased and thus the needs and desires can be served almost instantly throughout the world particularly because of the continuous support of the WTO, where "a plethora of bilateral and regional trading and economic cooperation agreements have been mushrooming globally, and increasingly in the Asia-Pacific, generating a wave of "new regionalism" in Asia" (Sen; Srivastava 2009: 194). Concerned by the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, the ASEAN countries were under the impression of a slowdown in pace of trade liberalization and thus this put pressure on these countries to engage sustainably in mutual beneficial trade and economic integration. By that, "at a theoretical level regional economic integration is being taken to mean deepening of intra-regional trade, expansion of mutual foreign direct investment (FDI) and harmonization of commercial regulations, standards and practices." (Ekanayake; Veeramacheneni 2009: 2). This proceeding integration in ASEAN has mainly been motivated by the intention to create an attractive production base and to satisfy the rising competitive challenge on the part of China and India for both, domestic and foreign companies. (Hew; Sen 2004: 1-2). The impact especially of the ASEAN countries has raised over time, mainly in comparison to the OECD countries. "At the same time that developing Asia‟s share in ASEAN trade has been rising substantially (from about one-third t
Author: Dorothy I. Riddle
Publisher: United Nations Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) covers a wide range of international service transactions and aims to reduce and eventually eliminate regulatory restrictions. This guide informs the business community of the key features of the multilateral system of trade rules covering services and identifies the main opportunities and challenges.
Author: Benjamin Ted Wilson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tariff
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
Author: Centre for Co-operation with Economies in Transition
Publisher: OECD
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: Anne-Sophie Corbeau
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780198783268
Category : Liquefied natural gas industry
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The present situation in the LNG market should be seen as a 'crossroads' for the industry. The LNG industry has not been static over the past 5 decades and has already experienced many changes, but still the model of long-term contracts prevails and the majority of LNG is still bought at oil-indexed gas prices. There have however been considerable changes: an increase in short-term trading of LNG, buyer contractual flexibility and FOB contracts which have lead to around a quarter of the LNG is being traded under spot and short-term contracts, with aggregators play a far more significant role. All these factors have influenced project business structures. The industry has now embarked on a period of further change, with 180 bcm of new LNG export capacity (equivalent to more than 50% of LNG trade in 2014) under construction at a time when the assumed rapid LNG demand growth in Asia appears to be slowing. The absorption of this new supply will affect, not only trade-flow patterns, but also pricing dynamics, competition with other gas supply channels and (in the power sector) potentially other fuels. Key to this change is US LNG, with buyers becoming more selective about the price and delivery terms they are ready to accept. Sellers however are facing high costs and are reluctant to abandon a business model in which they have confidence. Oil indexation is under further attack with US LNG selling at HH indexed prices (plus costs), and other sellers and buyers have been pressured to adopt different pricing policies and secure more contractual flexibility. This volume examines the development of the LNG business over the past 50 years and examines how the industry will change over the coming 15 years, faced by unprecedented challenges to its historic business model.
Author: Alasdair MacBean
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135304572
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
Export promotion covers various fiscal, commercial and exchange rate measures that governments can take to ensure some neutrality when comparing domestic and export markets. These essays discuss export promotion and its pros and cons.
