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Author: Thomas Andrew Zangle
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Nanofluidic devices have the potential to offer unique functionality by exploiting length scales comparable to the Debye length or the size of individual biomolecules. Integration of nanofluidics with microfluidics also has potential benefits as a system can thereby draw from the benefits of both technologies. To leverage these functionalities, the physics associated with interfacing microchannels and nanochannels needs to be understood rigorously. In particular, when current is applied across a microchannel-nanochannel interface, surface charge effects inside the nanochannel often lead to an imbalance of fluxes of positive and negative species. This, in turn, creates a region of high ionic strength on one side of the nanochannel and low ionic strength on the other side, a phenomena known as concentration polarization (CP). Prior work on the physics of microchannel-nanochannel interfaces has neglected several key issues which we will address in this work. We review an analytical model of propagating CP and present experimental and computational validation of this model. In particular, our results show that enrichment and depletion regions propagate as 'shockwaves' of concentration which can profoundly change the flow and electric field conditions in a microfluidic system. Additionally, we present new analytical model which predicts the behavior of analyte ions in a microchannel-nanochannel system with CP. This work shows that CP can restrict the transport of analyte ions such that they cannot reach all regions of a microfluidic-nanofluidic system. The effects of CP, therefore, must be considered in the design of microfluidic-nanofluidic systems for biological or chemical analysis. Finally we present the first simultaneous visualization of nanochannel ionic strength and conductance. Our experiments show that, for some cases, the propagating CP model is a fair predictor of trends in nanochannel concentration. However, in some cases, the concentration inside the nanochannel reaches a temporary 'meso' state before transitioning to a final, significantly different concentration which is not described by theory. The latter shows that there is yet much room for further studies of this phenomenon.
Author: Thomas Andrew Zangle
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Nanofluidic devices have the potential to offer unique functionality by exploiting length scales comparable to the Debye length or the size of individual biomolecules. Integration of nanofluidics with microfluidics also has potential benefits as a system can thereby draw from the benefits of both technologies. To leverage these functionalities, the physics associated with interfacing microchannels and nanochannels needs to be understood rigorously. In particular, when current is applied across a microchannel-nanochannel interface, surface charge effects inside the nanochannel often lead to an imbalance of fluxes of positive and negative species. This, in turn, creates a region of high ionic strength on one side of the nanochannel and low ionic strength on the other side, a phenomena known as concentration polarization (CP). Prior work on the physics of microchannel-nanochannel interfaces has neglected several key issues which we will address in this work. We review an analytical model of propagating CP and present experimental and computational validation of this model. In particular, our results show that enrichment and depletion regions propagate as 'shockwaves' of concentration which can profoundly change the flow and electric field conditions in a microfluidic system. Additionally, we present new analytical model which predicts the behavior of analyte ions in a microchannel-nanochannel system with CP. This work shows that CP can restrict the transport of analyte ions such that they cannot reach all regions of a microfluidic-nanofluidic system. The effects of CP, therefore, must be considered in the design of microfluidic-nanofluidic systems for biological or chemical analysis. Finally we present the first simultaneous visualization of nanochannel ionic strength and conductance. Our experiments show that, for some cases, the propagating CP model is a fair predictor of trends in nanochannel concentration. However, in some cases, the concentration inside the nanochannel reaches a temporary 'meso' state before transitioning to a final, significantly different concentration which is not described by theory. The latter shows that there is yet much room for further studies of this phenomenon.
Author: Thomas Andrew Zangle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Nanofluidic devices have the potential to offer unique functionality by exploiting length scales comparable to the Debye length or the size of individual biomolecules. Integration of nanofluidics with microfluidics also has potential benefits as a system can thereby draw from the benefits of both technologies. To leverage these functionalities, the physics associated with interfacing microchannels and nanochannels needs to be understood rigorously. In particular, when current is applied across a microchannel-nanochannel interface, surface charge effects inside the nanochannel often lead to an imbalance of fluxes of positive and negative species. This, in turn, creates a region of high ionic strength on one side of the nanochannel and low ionic strength on the other side, a phenomena known as concentration polarization (CP). Prior work on the physics of microchannel-nanochannel interfaces has neglected several key issues which we will address in this work. We review an analytical model of propagating CP and present experimental and computational validation of this model. In particular, our results show that enrichment and depletion regions propagate as 'shockwaves' of concentration which can profoundly change the flow and electric field conditions in a microfluidic system. Additionally, we present new analytical model which predicts the behavior of analyte ions in a microchannel-nanochannel system with CP. This work shows that CP can restrict the transport of analyte ions such that they cannot reach all regions of a microfluidic-nanofluidic system. The effects of CP, therefore, must be considered in the design of microfluidic-nanofluidic systems for biological or chemical analysis. Finally we present the first simultaneous visualization of nanochannel ionic strength and conductance. Our experiments show that, for some cases, the propagating CP model is a fair predictor of trends in nanochannel concentration. However, in some cases, the concentration inside the nanochannel reaches a temporary 'meso' state before transitioning to a final, significantly different concentration which is not described by theory. The latter shows that there is yet much room for further studies of this phenomenon.
Author: Xiangchun Xuan
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036500480
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Micro/nanofluidics-based lab-on-a-chip devices have found extensive applications in the analysis of chemical and biological samples over the past two decades. Electrokinetics is the method of choice in these micro/nano-chips for transporting, manipulating, and sensing various analyte species (e.g., ions, molecules, fluids, and particles). This book aims to highlight the recent developments in the field of micro/nano-chip electrokinetics, ranging from the fundamentals of electrokinetics to the applications of electrokinetics to both chemo- and bio-sample handling.
Author: Shaurya Prakash
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1437744702
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
To provide an interdisciplinary readership with the necessary toolkit to work with micro- and nanofluidics, this book provides basic theory, fundamentals of microfabrication, advanced fabrication methods, device characterization methods and detailed examples of applications of nanofluidics devices and systems. Case studies describing fabrication of complex micro- and nanoscale systems help the reader gain a practical understanding of developing and fabricating such systems. The resulting work covers the fundamentals, processes and applied challenges of functional engineered nanofluidic systems for a variety of different applications, including discussions of lab-on-chip, bio-related applications and emerging technologies for energy and environmental engineering. - The fundamentals of micro- and nanofluidic systems and micro- and nanofabrication techniques provide readers from a variety of academic backgrounds with the understanding required to develop new systems and applications. - Case studies introduce and illustrate state-of-the-art applications across areas, including lab-on-chip, energy and bio-based applications. - Prakash and Yeom provide readers with an essential toolkit to take micro- and nanofluidic applications out of the research lab and into commercial and laboratory applications.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323989004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Micro/Nanofluidics and Lab-on-Chip Based Emerging Technologies for Biomedical and Translational Research Applications, Volume 185, Part A represents the collation of chapters written by eminent scientists worldwide. Chapters in this updated release include An introduction to microfluidics and their applications, Design and fabrication of Micro/Nanofluidics devices and systems, Detection and separation of proteins using Micro/Nanofluidics devices, Micro/Nanofluidics devices for DNA/RNA detection and separation, Paper based microfluidics a forecast towards the most affordable and rapid point-of-care devices, Paper based micro/Nanofluidics devices for biomedical applications, Advances of Microfluidics Devices and their Applications in Personalized Medicine, and much more. Additional chapters cover Microfluidics for single cell analysis, Fluorescence Based Miniaturized Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Systems for Biomedical Applications, Active Matter Dynamics in Confined Microfluidic Environments, Challenges and opportunities in micro/nanofluidics and lab-on-a-chip, and Paper-microfluidic signal-enhanced immunoassays. - Offers basic understanding of the state-of-the-art design and fabrication of microfluidics/ nanofluidics and lab-on-chip - Explains how to develop microfluidics/nanofluidics for biomedical application such as high throughout biological screening and separation - Discusses the applications, challenges and opportunities in biomedical and translational research applications of microfluidics/nanofluidics
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123743966
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2785
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Book Description
From the Introduction: Nanotechnology and its underpinning sciences are progressing with unprecedented rapidity. With technical advances in a variety of nanoscale fabrication and manipulation technologies, the whole topical area is maturing into a vibrant field that is generating new scientific research and a burgeoning range of commercial applications, with an annual market already at the trillion dollar threshold. The means of fabricating and controlling matter on the nanoscale afford striking and unprecedented opportunities to exploit a variety of exotic phenomena such as quantum, nanophotonic and nanoelectromechanical effects. Moreover, researchers are elucidating new perspectives on the electronic and optical properties of matter because of the way that nanoscale materials bridge the disparate theories describing molecules and bulk matter. Surface phenomena also gain a greatly increased significance; even the well-known link between chemical reactivity and surface-to-volume ratio becomes a major determinant of physical properties, when it operates over nanoscale dimensions. Against this background, this comprehensive work is designed to address the need for a dynamic, authoritative and readily accessible source of information, capturing the full breadth of the subject. Its six volumes, covering a broad spectrum of disciplines including material sciences, chemistry, physics and life sciences, have been written and edited by an outstanding team of international experts. Addressing an extensive, cross-disciplinary audience, each chapter aims to cover key developments in a scholarly, readable and critical style, providing an indispensible first point of entry to the literature for scientists and technologists from interdisciplinary fields. The work focuses on the major classes of nanomaterials in terms of their synthesis, structure and applications, reviewing nanomaterials and their respective technologies in well-structured and comprehensive articles with extensive cross-references. It has been a constant surprise and delight to have found, amongst the rapidly escalating number who work in nanoscience and technology, so many highly esteemed authors willing to contribute. Sharing our anticipation of a major addition to the literature, they have also captured the excitement of the field itself in each carefully crafted chapter. Along with our painstaking and meticulous volume editors, full credit for the success of this enterprise must go to these individuals, together with our thanks for (largely) adhering to the given deadlines. Lastly, we record our sincere thanks and appreciation for the skills and professionalism of the numerous Elsevier staff who have been involved in this project, notably Fiona Geraghty, Megan Palmer and Greg Harris, and especially Donna De Weerd-Wilson who has steered it through from its inception. We have greatly enjoyed working with them all, as we have with each other.
Author: David A. Berardi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrokinetics
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Book Description
When an electric field is applied to a microchannel-nanochannel junction for a nanochannel with overlapping electric double layers (EDL), a microvortex instability is produced at the interface. By incorporating nanochannels within microfluidic systems, functional lab-on-a-chip devices have been created for sample preparation, separation, and detection. Understanding ion transport and hydrodynamics in these systems is critical to fluid manipulation. The present numerical study models steady-state electrokinetically-driven flow in a hybrid microchannel-nanochannel system containing a cylindrical nanochannel with overlapping double layers connected to reservoirs on either side. The transport of potassium and chlorine ions was simulated in this system for a range of applied voltages. Ion concentration and fluid flow were studied at the microchannel-nanochannel interface, using large reservoirs to capture the role of ion depletion and microvortices. Microvortex instability was observed near the channel inlet. The vortices were shown to grow with increasing voltage. It was found that at a critical voltage, the vortex separated into multiple vortices, coinciding with a large drop of ionic current in the channel.
Author: Gregory Barbillon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811365490
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This tutorial book offers an in-depth overview of the fundamental principles of micro/nano technologies and devices related to sensing, actuation and diagnosis in fluidics and biosystems. Research in the MEMS/NEMS and lab-on-chip fields has seen rapid growth in both academic and industrial domains, as these biodevices and systems are increasingly replacing traditional large size diagnostic tools. This book is unique in describing not only the devices and technologies but also the basic principles of their operation. The comprehensive description of the fabrication, packaging and principles of micro/nano biosystems presented in this book offers guidance for researchers designing and implementing these biosystems across diverse fields including medical, pharmaceutical and biological sciences. The book provides a detailed overview of the fundamental mechanical, optical, electrical and magnetic principles involved, together with the technologies required for the design, fabrication and characterization of micro/nano fluidic systems and bio-devices. Written by a collaborative team from France and Korea, the book is suitable for academics, researchers, advanced level students and industrial manufacturers.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012812296X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1881
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Book Description
Comprehensive Nanoscience and Technology, Second Edition, Five Volume Set allows researchers to navigate a very diverse, interdisciplinary and rapidly-changing field with up-to-date, comprehensive and authoritative coverage of every aspect of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology. Presents new chapters on the latest developments in the field Covers topics not discussed to this degree of detail in other works, such as biological devices and applications of nanotechnology Compiled and written by top international authorities in the field
Author: Brian J. Kirby
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139489836
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
This text focuses on the physics of fluid transport in micro- and nanofabricated liquid-phase systems, with consideration of gas bubbles, solid particles, and macromolecules. This text was designed with the goal of bringing together several areas that are often taught separately - namely, fluid mechanics, electrodynamics, and interfacial chemistry and electrochemistry - with a focused goal of preparing the modern microfluidics researcher to analyse and model continuum fluid mechanical systems encountered when working with micro- and nanofabricated devices. This text serves as a useful reference for practising researchers but is designed primarily for classroom instruction. Worked sample problems are included throughout to assist the student, and exercises at the end of each chapter help facilitate class learning.
