Computer Models of Acoustical and Electrical Stimulation of Neurons in the Auditory System PDF Download
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Author: Marek Rudnicki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Marek Rudnicki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Joseph M. Miller
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461232562
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
This volume describes a new direction in technological and biomedical developments for profoundly deaf individuals. The first section covers topics of tissue characteristics, such as responses to electrical stimulation and computer modelling of cochlea currents. Perception of acoustic signals, responses and behavioral pattern as well as psychophysical aspects are treated in the second part. Part III is addressed to perspectives and challenges of encoding schemes. Reports on studies of acoustic and electrical encoding of temporal information, speech features with cochlear implants as well as psychophysical and speech perceptual studies will allow further strategies for cochlea implants.
Author: Paul F. Poon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461553512
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
The full power of combining experiment and theory has yet to be unleashed on studies of the neural mechanisms in the brain involved in acoustic information processing. In recent years, enormous amounts of physiological data have been generated in many laboratories around the world, characterizing electrical responses of neurons to a wide array of acoustic stimuli at all levels of the auditory neuroaxis. Modern approaches of cellular and molecular biology are leading to new understandings of synaptic transmission of acoustic information, while application of modern neuro-anatomical methods is giving us a fairly comprehensive view ofthe bewildering complexity of neural circuitry within and between the major nuclei of the central auditory pathways. Although there is still the need to gather more data at all levels of organization, a ma jor challenge in auditory neuroscience is to develop new frameworks within which existing and future data can be incorporated and unified, and which will guide future laboratory ex perimentation. Here the field can benefit greatly from neural modeling, which in the central auditory system is still in its infancy. Indeed, such an approach is essential if we are to address questions related to perception of complex sounds including human speech, to the many di mensions of spatial hearing, and to the mechanisms that underlie complex acoustico-motor behaviors.
Author: Ray Meddis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441959343
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The v- umes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fields of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in pe- reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beg- ning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.
Author: Yoojin Chung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Abstract: Bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) are becoming more common recently and have been proven to provide improvements in speech perception in noise and sound localization. However, benefits to sound localization for BiCI listening are mainly from the perception of interaural level differences while interaural time difference (ITD) sensitivity is very limited. To help understand this, the current modeling study focused on the following characteristics of neurophysiological data from ITD-sensitive neurons in acutely deafened animal models with BiCIs: (1) rate-limitation of ITD sensitivity to constant-amplitude pulse trains, (2) intensity dependence of ITD sensitivity, and (3) effect of amplitude modulation on ITD sensitivity with high-rate stimulation. A network of model neurons was used to study binaural responses to electrical stimulation. Our working hypothesis was that central auditory processing is normal so that the abnormality in the response to the electric stimulation at the level of the auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) is the source of the limited binaural response. A descriptive model of ANF response to electric stimulation was implemented and used as an input to a network of model neurons in the ascending auditory pathway, up to the inferior colliculus (IC). The result shows that ITD sensitivity depends strongly on the specific configurations of membrane and synaptic parameters for different input stimulation rates. Stronger excitatory synaptic inputs and a faster membrane response are required for the model neurons to be ITD-sensitive at high stimulation rates, both in electric and acoustic stimulation. This raises the possibility of frequency-dependent differences in neural mechanisms of binaural processing; limitations in ITD sensitivity may be due to the mismatch between stimulation rate and cell parameters in ITD-sensitive neurons. The high spike rate and phase-locking at the ANF to electric stimulation changes the rate-ITD tuning at the IC. Amplitude modulation of the high-rate stimulation restores the ongoing ITD sensitivity by effectively reducing the spike rate in the ANF. ITD sensitivity to temporal fine-structure is restored in the model with amplitude-modulated high-rate stimulation, consistent with physiological results. Overall, this study suggests that fine-structure ITD can be delivered to BiCI users with proper processing strategies.
Author: George R. Hanna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ear
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
A number of first and second order neurons of the guinea pig auditory system were studied extensively in an attempt to determine the method by which information is conveyed. Single neuron electrophysiological techniques with anatomical controls were used in the study and in response to several different stimuli, various response patterns were observed. Statistical methods of analysis, using a digital computer, were employed. Each fiber in the auditory nerve appears to convey only fragmentary information; therefore, the information carried by a number of fibers is required to extract all the information about a single signal. The data suggest that a pulse density modulation system of encoding is used, in which the 'carrier' appears to be the irregular spontaneous background activity, the pulse density of which is actively increased and decreased to convey information about both pitch and loudness. The system appears to be much more sensitive to sound changes than to absolute values. For example, pulse density correlated far better with rate-of-change of stimulus intensity than with absolute levels of intensity. In addition to frequency and amplitude, the interval between successive stimuli may be an important parameter of stimulation.
Author: Thomas Fischer Weiss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acoustic nerve
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Recent electrophysiological data obtained from auditory nerve fibers of cats have made possible the formulation of a model of the peripheral auditory system. This model relates the all-or-none activity of these fibers to acoustic stimuli. The constituents of the model are intended to represent the major functional constituents of the peripheral system. These constituents are: (i) a linear mechanical system intended to represent the outer, middle, and the mechanical part of the inner ear; (ii) a transducer intended to represent the action of the sensory cells; and (iii) a model neuron intended to represent the nerve excitation process. A general-purpose digital computer was used to determine the response of the model to a variety of acoustic stimuli. These results were compared with data obtained from auditory nerve fibers. (Author).
Author: Moshe Abeles
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642659973
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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nerve; subsequently, however, they concluded that the recordings had been from aberrant cells of the cochlear nucleus lying central to the glial margin of the VIII nerve (GALAMBOS and DAVIS, 1948). The first successful recordmgs from fibres of the cochlear nerve were made by TASAKI (1954) in the guinea pig. These classical but necessarily limited results were greatly extended by ROSE, GALAMBOS, and HUGHES (1959) in the cat cochlear nucleus and by KATSUKI and co-workers (KATSUKI et at. , 1958, 1961, 1962) in the cat and monkey cochlear nerve. Perhaps the most significant developments have been the introduction of techniques for precise control of the acoustic stimulus and the quantitative analysis of neuronal response patterns, notably by the laboratories of KIANG (e. g. GERSTEIN and KIANG, 1960; KIANG et at. , 1962b, 1965a, 1967) and ROSE (e. g. ROSE et at. , 1967; HIND et at. , 1967). These developments have made possible a large number of quanti tative investigations of the behaviour of representative numbers of neurons at these levels of the peripheral auditory system under a wide variety of stimulus conditions. Most of the findings discussed herein have been obtained on anaesthetized cats. Where comparative data are available, substantially similar results have been obtained in other mammalian species (e. g. guinea pig, monkey, rat). Certain significant differences have been noted in lizards, frogs and fish as would be expect ed from the different morphologies of their organs of hearing (e. g.
Author: Alessia Paglialonga
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832527221
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
Author: Daniel ben-Avraham
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521622786
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This book describes diffusion and transport in disordered media such as fractals and random resistor networks.
