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Author: Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615041516
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Author: Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615041516
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood.
Author: Sushil K. Sarna
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041508
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Three distinct types of contractions perform colonic motility functions. Rhythmic phasic contractions (RPCs) cause slow net distal propulsion with extensive mixing/turning over. Infrequently occurring giant migrating contractions (GMCs) produce mass movements. Tonic contractions aid RPCs in their motor function. The spatiotemporal patterns of these contractions differ markedly. The amplitude and distance of propagation of a GMC are several-fold larger than those of an RPC. The enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are the core regulators of all three types of contractions. The regulation of contractions by these mechanisms is modifiable by extrinsic factors: CNS, autonomic neurons, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and stress mediators. Only the GMCs produce descending inhibition, which accommodates the large bolus being propelled without increasing muscle tone. The strong compression of the colon wall generates afferent signals that are below nociceptive threshold in healthy subjects. However, these signals become nociceptive; if the amplitudes of GMCs increase, afferent nerves become hypersensitive, or descending inhibition is impaired. The GMCs also provide the force for rapid propulsion of feces and descending inhibition to relax the internal anal sphincter during defecation. The dysregulation of GMCs is a major factor in colonic motility disorders: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diverticular disease (DD). Frequent mass movements by GMCs cause diarrhea in diarrhea predominant IBS, IBD, and DD, while a decrease in the frequency of GMCs causes constipation. The GMCs generate the afferent signals for intermittent short-lived episodes of abdominal cramping in these disorders. Epigenetic dysregulation due to adverse events in early life is one of the major factors in generating the symptoms of IBS in adulthood. Table of Contents: Introduction / Regulatory Mechanisms / Colonic Motility in Health / Colonic Motility Dysfunction / References
Author: Uday C. Ghoshal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132208226
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
This multi-authored book covers most aspects of evaluation of gastrointestinal motility – a field that has been expanding in recent times largely due to advances in diagnostic modalities; coupled with this, new evidences supporting best practices have increased the interest among clinical gastroenterologists, researchers, teachers and trainees in gastrointestinal motility and its disorders. New advances in the field of evaluation of functional bowel diseases and motility disorders, such as high-resolution manometry, 24-h pH impedance monitoring, Bravo capsule pH-metry, barostat, balloon expulsion test, barium and MR defecography, biofeedback, hydrogen breath tests, motility capsule (smartpill) etc. have significantly expanded the scope and outcome of treating these disorders. The chapters have been contributed by a well-conversant group of experts from the global academia, including India, Singapore, Thailand, Korea and Australia, integrating the body of knowledge on evaluation methods with evidence of best practices for the management of motility disorders. A chapter on how to set-up a manometry laboratory provides key information for clinicians and researchers who are planning to start working in this area. With 11 chapters in the book supported with numerous tables, flow charts, schematic diagrams and images, professionals will find it an essential reading.
Author: Henry P. Parkman
Publisher: W B Saunders Company
ISBN: 9781416050728
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
This issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America is on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. GI motility disorders are common reasons for patients to see gastroenterologists. Knowledge of the pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment of these disorders is important to appropriately care for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders in clinical practice. The chapters of this issue will discuss key aspects of gastrointestinal motility disorders focusing on how they relate to practicing gastroenterologists and other health care providers. Current knowledge in the area as well as evolving concepts from clinical investigations and translational research from basic sciences will be discussed. The rapid explosion of new technology used in the evaluation of patients will be covered.
Author: Satish S.C. Rao
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128130385
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 662
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Book Description
Clinical and Basic Neurogastroenterology and Motility is a state-of-the-art, lucidly written, generously illustrated, landmark publication that comprehensively addresses the underlying mechanisms and management of common adult and pediatric motility disorders. These problems affect 50% of the population and include conditions such as dysphagia, achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gas and bloating, SIBO, constipation and fecal incontinence. The book brings together international experts and clinician scientists, epitomizing their years of wisdom into a concise yet practical text that is delivered in two distinct sections, basic and clinical. It fulfills a large unmet need, and bridges a long-awaited knowledge gap among trainees, clinicians, scientists, nurses and technicians, earnestly engaged in this field. - First of its kind text that covers both basic and clinical aspects, bridging the knowledge gap, and providing a bench to bedside approach for management of common disorders - Discusses the latest concepts and basic principles of neurogastroenterology and motility, and how the gut and brain interact in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders - Provides an illustrated and practical text on hot topics written by leading adult and pediatric gastroenterology experts across the globe - Includes an accompanying more detailed web version of the text with free access to future podcasts
Author: Abialbon Paul
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813360097
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1156
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Book Description
This book explains the pharmacological relationships between the various systems in the human body. It offers a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology concerning the autonomic, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Presenting up-to-date information on chemical mediators and their significance, it highlights the therapeutic aspects of several diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrinal, and hematopoietic systems. The book also includes drug therapy for microbial and neoplastic diseases. It also comprises sections on immunopharmacology, dermatological, and ocular pharmacology providing valuable insights into these emerging and recent topics. Covering the diverse groups of drugs acting on different systems, the book reviews their actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, interactions, and subcellular mechanisms of action. It is divided into 11 parts, subdivided into several chapters that evaluate the basic pharmacological principles that govern the different types of body systems. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, and clinicians in industry and academic institutions in pharmaceutical, pharmacological sciences, pharmacy, medical sciences, physiology, neurosciences, biochemistry, molecular biology and other allied health sciences.
Author: Jean-Claude Givel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540694196
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 803
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Book Description
This fully revised new edition focuses on the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of conditions encountered by the coloproctologist and gastroenterological surgeon, who are faced with an increasing number of precise and specific treatment modalities.
Author: Miranda Lomer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470671327
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Gastroenterology provides informative and broad-ranging coverage of the relation between nutrition and diet and the gastrointestinal tract. It explores dietary factors involved in causation of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as the effects on diet and the treatments available. It also provides an overview of anatomy and physiology, measurement and assessment of function, and dietary components relevant to gastrointestinal health. ABOUT THE SERIES Dietary recommendations need to be based on solid evidence, but where can you find this information? The British Dietetic Association and the publishers of the Manual of Dietetic Practice present an essential and authoritative reference series on the evidence base relating to advanced aspects of nutrition and diet in selected clinical specialties. Each book provides a comprehensive and critical review of key literature in its subject. Each covers established areas of understanding, current controversies and areas of future development and investigation, and is oriented around six key themes: •Disease processes, including metabolism, physiology, and genetics •Disease consequences, including morbidity, mortality, nutritional epidemiology and patient perspectives •Nutritional consequences of diseases •Nutritional assessment, drawing on anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, economic and social approaches •Clinical investigation and management •Nutritional and dietary management •Trustworthy, international in scope, and accessible, Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics is a vital resource for a range of practitioners, researchers and educators in nutrition and dietetics, including dietitians, nutritionists, doctors and specialist nurses.
Author: John Barton Furness
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Author: David Bruyette
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118497031
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 5143
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Book Description
Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine is a comprehensive, practical reference designed to meet the needs of veterinary practitioners and students alike. Covering all aspects of small animal internal medicine, this innovative guide provides clinically relevant material, plus podcasts and continual updates online. Concise, identically-formatted chapters allow readers to quickly find the most essential information for clinical veterinary practice. Contributions from academic and clinical experts cover general medicine subjects, including patient evaluation and management, critical care medicine, preventative care, and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Topics relevant to daily clinical practice are examined in detail, ranging from endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and infectious disease to oncology, dermatology, metabolic orthopedic disease, gastroenterology, and hepatology. A companion website features podcasts and updated information. An important addition to the library of any practice, this clinically-oriented text: Presents complete, practical information on small animal internal medicine Provides the background physiology required to understand normal versus abnormal in real-world clinical settings Includes general medicine topics not covered in other internal medicine books Focuses on information that is directly applicable to daily practice Features podcasts and continual updates on a companion website Carefully tailored for the needs of small animal practitioners and veterinary students, Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine is an invaluable, reader-friendly reference on internal medicine of the dog and cat.
