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Author: Dorothy Phillips Besier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognitive dissonance
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Self esteem has been found to be an important personality variable in dissonance experiments concerned with the effects of negative or aggressive behavior on liking of the victim. Persons with high self esteem are expected to experience more dissonance because aggressive behavior conflicts with their self concept. The high self esteem person would reduce dissonance by derogating the victim. This effect has been found by Glass (1964) to occur only when there is a choice regarding the behavior. The effect of self esteem differences on liking following positive behavior is investigated in this study. It is assumed that performing an action which benefits another person is inconsistent with the self concept of low self esteem persons. It was predicted that the low self esteem person who gave a positive impression statement by his own choice to someone who obviously appreciated it, would experience dissonance and would increase liking more than subjects in other conditions. Subjects self esteem was measured prior to the experiment (chronic self esteem) and was manipulated on arrival at the experiment(acute self esteem) both at two levels, high and low. After viewing a confederate on TV who was ostensibly in the next room, subjects rated him a first time. Three impression statements prepared by the experimenter were described, one positive one neutral and one negative. Subjects were asked to read (choice) or told to read (no choice) one of these statements. Actually only positive and neutral statements were read. A2x2x2x2 design resulted. Results contradicted the predictions. Low self esteem subjects with choice who read a positive statement did not increase liking more than when they had no choice or more than high self esteem subjects. High self esteem subjects who read a positive statement by choice increased liking more than when there was no choice, although this difference did not quite reach significance at the conventional level. This trend is consistent with other dissonance experiments. However, reading a neutral statement also led to increased liking for all subjects except low self esteem subjects with no choice. Reading a neutral statement led to greater liking in low self esteem subjects when they had a choice compared to when they had no choice. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.
Author: Dorothy Phillips Besier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognitive dissonance
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Self esteem has been found to be an important personality variable in dissonance experiments concerned with the effects of negative or aggressive behavior on liking of the victim. Persons with high self esteem are expected to experience more dissonance because aggressive behavior conflicts with their self concept. The high self esteem person would reduce dissonance by derogating the victim. This effect has been found by Glass (1964) to occur only when there is a choice regarding the behavior. The effect of self esteem differences on liking following positive behavior is investigated in this study. It is assumed that performing an action which benefits another person is inconsistent with the self concept of low self esteem persons. It was predicted that the low self esteem person who gave a positive impression statement by his own choice to someone who obviously appreciated it, would experience dissonance and would increase liking more than subjects in other conditions. Subjects self esteem was measured prior to the experiment (chronic self esteem) and was manipulated on arrival at the experiment(acute self esteem) both at two levels, high and low. After viewing a confederate on TV who was ostensibly in the next room, subjects rated him a first time. Three impression statements prepared by the experimenter were described, one positive one neutral and one negative. Subjects were asked to read (choice) or told to read (no choice) one of these statements. Actually only positive and neutral statements were read. A2x2x2x2 design resulted. Results contradicted the predictions. Low self esteem subjects with choice who read a positive statement did not increase liking more than when they had no choice or more than high self esteem subjects. High self esteem subjects who read a positive statement by choice increased liking more than when there was no choice, although this difference did not quite reach significance at the conventional level. This trend is consistent with other dissonance experiments. However, reading a neutral statement also led to increased liking for all subjects except low self esteem subjects with no choice. Reading a neutral statement led to greater liking in low self esteem subjects when they had a choice compared to when they had no choice. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.
Author: Leon Festinger
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804709118
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Originally published: Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, c1957.
Author: Victor Karandashev
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031635779
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
Author: R. A. Wicklund
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135060053
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
Published in 1976, Perspectives on Cognitive Dissonance is a valuable contribution to the field of Social Psychology.
Author: Ruth C. Wylie
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
ISBN: 9780803247017
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 850
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Book Description
Theory and Research on Selected topics. In this book we are provided with careful, critical, and lucid discussions of such topics as the relationship between race, sex, socioeconomic status, age and self-concept.
Author: Roy F. Baumeister
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146139564X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Psychology has worked hard to explore the inner self. Modem psychology was born in Wundt's laboratory and Freud's consulting room, where the inner self was pressed to reveal some of its secrets. Freud, in particular, devoted most of his life to explor ing the hidden recesses inside the self-hidden even from the conscious mind, he said. From Freud's work right down to the latest journal article on self-schemata or self-esteem, psychologists have continued to tell us about the inner self. More recently, psychology has turned some of its attention to the outer self, that is, the self that is seen and known by other people. Various psychologists have studied how the outer self is formed (impression formation), how people control their outer selves (impression management), and so forth. But how is the outer self related to the inner self? There is an easy answer, but it is wrong. The easy answer is that the outer self is mostly the same as the inner self. Put another way, it is that people reveal their true selves to others in a honest and straightforward fashion, and that others accurately perceive the individual as he or she really is. Sometimes it works out that way, but often it does not. The issue is far too complex for the easy answer.
Author: Judson Mills
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN: 9781557985651
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
Tell any smoker that his habit is unhealthy, and he most likely will agree. What mental process does a person go through when he or she continues to do something unhealthy? When an honest person tells a "white lie," what happens to his or her sense of integrity? If someone must choose between two equally attractive options, why does one's value judgement of the options change after the choice has been made? In 1954 Dr. Leon Festinger drafted a version of a theory describing the psychological phenomenon that occurs in these situations. He called it cognitive dissonance: the feeling of psychological discomfort produced by the combined presence of two thoughts that do not follow from one another. Festinger proposed that the greater the discomfort, the greater the desire to reduce the dissonance of the two cognitive elements. The elegance of this theory has inspired psychologists over the past four decades. Cognitive Dissonance: Perspectives on a Pivotal Theory in Social Psychology documents the on-going research and debate provoked by this influential theory.
Author: James William Martin
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313393125
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
In this book, interrelationships between more than 40 recent catastrophic events are explored, discussing failures of structures and machines, information technology, regulatory agencies, security designs, and more. The world is full of wonderful products and services that occasionally disappoint and even harm us. Unexpected Consequences: Why The Things We Trust Fail explores the reasons these failures occur, examining them from technological, human, and organizational perspectives. Using more than 40 recent catastrophic events to illustrate its points, the book discusses structural and machine failure, but also the often-overlooked failure of people and of systems related to such things as information technology, healthcare, and security. As the book demonstrates, faulty technology played a surprisingly small part in many of the scrutinized disasters. Author James William Martin finds cognitive factors and organizational dynamics, including ethics, are major contributors to most unexpected and catastrophic failures causing loss of life and extensive property damage. With that fresh perspective in mind, Martin is able to suggest remedies that address service failure and just may help prevent future disasters from taking place.
Author: Basant Puri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1444170147
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 828
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Book Description
Revision Notes in Psychiatry, Third Edition continues to provide a clear and contemporary summary of clinical psychiatry and the scientific fundamentals of the discipline. It is an essential study aid for all those preparing for postgraduate examinations in psychiatry and a superb reference for practising psychiatrists.Structured to follow the enti
Author: Roy F. Baumeister
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199888728
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1302
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Book Description
Social psychology is a flourishing discipline. It explores the most essential questions of the human psyche (e.g., Why do people help or harm others? How do influence professionals get us to do what they want, and how can we inoculate ourselves against their sometimes-insidious persuasion tactics? Why do social relationships exert such powerful effects on people's physical health?), and it does so with clever, ingenuitive research methods. This edited volume is a textbook for advanced social psychology courses. Its primary target audience is first-year graduate students (MA or PhD) in social psychlogy, although it is also appropriate for upper-level undergraduate courses in social psychology and for doctoral students in disciplines connecting to social psychology (e.g., marketing, organizational behavior). The authors of the chapters are world-renowned leaders on their topic, and they have written these chapters to be engaging and accessible to students who are just learning the discipline. After reading this book, you will be able to understand almost any journal article or conference presentation in any field of social psychology. You will be able to converse competently with most social psychologists in their primary research domain, a use skill that is relevant not only in daily life but also when interviewing for a faculty position. And, most importantly, you will be equipped with the background knowledge to forge ahead more confidently with your own research.
