Collection and Use of Cancer Family History in Primary Care PDF Download
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Author: Nadeem Qureshi
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437910998
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 201
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Book Description
This systematic review was undertaken to: (1) evaluate the accuracy of patient reporting of cancer family history; (2) identify and evaluate tools designed to capture cancer family history that are applicable to the primary care setting; and (3) identify and evaluate risk assessment tools (RATs) in promoting appropriate management of familial cancer risk in primary care settings. For family history tools (FHxTs) and RATs, studies were limited to those applicable to primary care settings. Conclusions: Informants reporting their cancer family history have greater accuracy for relatives free of cancer than those with cancer. Reporting accuracy may vary among different cancer types. Charts and tables.
Author: Nadeem Qureshi
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437910998
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Get Book Here
Book Description
This systematic review was undertaken to: (1) evaluate the accuracy of patient reporting of cancer family history; (2) identify and evaluate tools designed to capture cancer family history that are applicable to the primary care setting; and (3) identify and evaluate risk assessment tools (RATs) in promoting appropriate management of familial cancer risk in primary care settings. For family history tools (FHxTs) and RATs, studies were limited to those applicable to primary care settings. Conclusions: Informants reporting their cancer family history have greater accuracy for relatives free of cancer than those with cancer. Reporting accuracy may vary among different cancer types. Charts and tables.
Author: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 1587634333
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309453291
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
Advances in genetics and genomics are transforming medical practice, resulting in a dramatic growth of genetic testing in the health care system. The rapid development of new technologies, however, has also brought challenges, including the need for rigorous evaluation of the validity and utility of genetic tests, questions regarding the best ways to incorporate them into medical practice, and how to weigh their cost against potential short- and long-term benefits. As the availability of genetic tests increases so do concerns about the achievement of meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes, costs of testing, and the potential for accentuating medical care inequality. Given the rapid pace in the development of genetic tests and new testing technologies, An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing seeks to advance the development of an adequate evidence base for genetic tests to improve patient care and treatment. Additionally, this report recommends a framework for decision-making regarding the use of genetic tests in clinical care.
Author: Ahmed Samei Huda
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192534092
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.
Author: Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128006544
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
Genomic and Precision Medicine: Primary Care, Third Edition is an invaluable resource on the state-of-the-art tools, technologies and policy issues that are required to fully realize personalized health care in the area of primary care. One of the major areas where genomic and personalized medicine is most active is the realm of the primary care practitioner. Risk, family history, personal genomics and pharmacogenomics are becoming increasingly important to the PCP and their patients, and this book discusses the implications as they relate to primary care practitioners. - Presents a comprehensive volume for primary care providers - Provides succinct commentary and key learning points that will assist providers with their local needs for the implementation of genomic and personalized medicine - Includes a current overview on major opportunities for genomic and personalized medicine in practice - Highlights case studies that illustrate the practical use of genomics in the management in patients
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309164257
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN: 9781489524478
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Family history reflects the combined influences of genetics, environmental exposures, and behaviors within families, and is a risk factor for some clinically important chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and several cancers. Family history reflects genomic, social and environmental risk which is shared between relatives. This 'compressed information' may provide predictive information independent of other known risk factors. Individual risk stratification systems based on family history may carry valuable predictive information for individual patients, but they need to be validated for application in routine practice. The usefulness of family history-based risk stratification systems in disease prevention depends on (a) accurate reporting and capture of family history information, (b) valid methods of risk classification, (c) effective preventive interventions to manage disease risk, and (d) evidence that the use of family history information provides incremental net benefit over and above non-family history-based alternative approaches. With the exception of accuracy of reporting, this systematic review is designed to inform all of these issues. This report, which builds on a previous evidence report on the topic of tools for collecting and interpreting family history information, addresses the clinical utility of routinely using family history information in risk assessment and prevention for breast, ovarian, colorectal, and prostate cancers in primary care. The specific research questions are: 1. Which risk stratification algorithms or guidelines delineate risk accurately, and in a clinically meaningful way? 2. For which behaviors and clinical preventive services ('interventions') is there evidence of benefits in terms of actual reduction in disease risk, and what harms, if any, have been identified? 3. For those interventions identified as being based on reasonable evidence, what is the evidence that providing information on risk status results in behavior change or increased uptake of services on the part of individual patients? 4. What are the harms or risks to individual patients that may result from the collection of family history information in itself, and/or the provision of family history-based risk information? These questions represent the links in the chain between taking family history and producing benefit: Does family history predict future risk of cancer? If so, are there interventions to reduce this risk, and do they also carry their own risks? Does a family history-based approach lead to higher uptake of preventive interventions? Are there any direct harms which arise from a family history-based approach? This review's focus is therefore firmly on the application of family history taking from general populations under the care of primary care providers such as family physicians, internists, nurse practitioners, and obstetricians. We sought to examine the capture and use of family history information as an activity practiced in primary care, where patients are not pre-selected for risk, and where the approach to capturing information is heavily influenced (often constrained) by contextual factors,6 and where the preventive interventions available are those that can be recommended by a primary care practitioner. This is distinctly different from clinical genetics assessment, where the central focus is on extensive family history capture, validation, and assessment, where the patient population is usually pre-selected for high risk status.
Author: Task Force on Genetic Testing (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
In view of this uncertainty, the Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Human Genome Research at the National Institutes of Health and Department of Energy created the Task Force on Genetic Testing.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: John D. Potter
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387095677
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
Genetic susceptibility refers to how variations in a person’s genes increase or decrease his or her susceptibility to environmental factors, such as chemicals, radiation and lifestyle (diet and smoking). This volume will explore the latest findings in the area of genetic susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancers, focusing on molecular epidemiology, DNA repair, and gene-environment interactions to identify factors that affect the incidence of GI cancers. Topics will include germline susceptibility, including Mendelian patterns of inheritance and gene-environment interactions that lead to cancer etiology.
