Behavioral Pharmacology of the Cholinergic System PDF Download
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Author: Mohammed Shoaib
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030560139
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
The molecular genetics of the cholinergic system including both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, cholinesterases, acetylcholine synthesis and release have provided significant insights into potential targeting for pharmacological intervention. Cholinergic drugs are being used or evaluated for the treatment of diseases. Thus, this volume aims to broaden our understanding of the current state of cholinergic mechanisms to enable implementation of novel approaches for the development of more effective treatments.
Author: Mohammed Shoaib
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030560139
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
The molecular genetics of the cholinergic system including both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, cholinesterases, acetylcholine synthesis and release have provided significant insights into potential targeting for pharmacological intervention. Cholinergic drugs are being used or evaluated for the treatment of diseases. Thus, this volume aims to broaden our understanding of the current state of cholinergic mechanisms to enable implementation of novel approaches for the development of more effective treatments.
Author: Sukumar Vijayaraghavan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288919714X
Category : Acetylcholine
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
Much of our understanding of brain physiology has focused on what one might call, first order processes. These essentially include the primary synaptic mechanisms underlying excitation (mainly glutamate) and inhibition (mainly GABA). Our attention has focused on how the balance of excitation and inhibition regulates the timing, patterns, and extent of information flow across various circuits. A lot less is understood regarding second order processes that sculpt and modify these primary interactions. One such modulatory transmitter in the brain is acetylcholine (ACh). The importance of ACh in modulating various behaviors related to learning, memory, and attention has been recognized over the last four decades as has its involvement in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. However, our understanding of the mechanistic bases for these actions is at its infancy, at best and much remains to be understood. The array of receptor subtypes for nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, their different locations, and complex signal transduction mechanisms remain a puzzle. Transmitter (ACh) release sites and their relationship to receptor loci are poorly understood. Overall, we lack a unifying framework for conceptualizing how disparate actions of the transmitter on receptors lead to circuit modulation and, eventually, influences on cognition. By its very nature, reports on cholinergic signaling are quite scattered, presented in journals across sub-disciplines and in the context of the systems they modulate. Hence, there is need for consolidation of these studies under a single cover that would allow one to compare and contrast the effects of this transmitter across systems and contexts. This special issue represents one such compilation. The issue addresses cholinergic modulation of defined circuits that lead to specific behaviors and consists of a judicious mixture of review articles and primary papers. The articles focus on three aspects of the system: 1) Cellular targets of cholinergic signaling. 2) Receptor mechanisms. 3) Endogenous transmitter distribution and action. While no common mechanism emerges that can explain cholinergic actions on brain functions, on can postulate that the transmitter system is dynamic, modulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in various circuits. This modulation sets up timed network oscillations and it is tempting to speculate that these oscillations form a template for better encoding of afferent inputs. One can broadly envision the role of the cholinergic system as facilitating processes that allow for more efficient acquisition of learning and engraving of memories. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying tonic and stimulus-dependent release of ACh and how it alters firing templates of neuronal networks would be the first step towards elucidating its role in learning and memory. This special topics edition provides clues to some of the actions of ACh. It is hoped that the articles allow the reader to extract common themes and potential mechanisms of cholinergic regulation that will lead to elucidation of general principles governing the actions of this important neuromodulator.
Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420041819
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic
Author: Man Singh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468412183
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Although serious interest in studying the role of central cho linergic processes in psychopathology is just beginning to emerge, experimental literature on the part played by cholinergic mechanisms in brain behavior. reiations is quite extensive. During the past thirty years, cholinergic research has contributed significantly to the characterization and differentiation of adaptive mechanisms in volved in input selection, perception, cortical, autonomic and behav ioral activation, learning, memory, and inhibitory control of behav ioral outputs. To say that dysfunction of one or more of these mech anisms may be at the root of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schiz ophrenia would be stating the obvious. This book examines the part cholinergic processes might play in dysfunctions of the adaptive processes involved in higher brain func tions and their significance for the pathogenesis, classification, etiology, and treatment of psychopathological conditions. In a series of wide ranging reviews of the available information, the subject is discussed from a variety of perspectives, using data derived from both experimental and clinical research. The purpose is not so much to determine whether cholinergic excess or deficiency is causal in this or that neuropsychiatric syndrome, but rather to try to understand the disease mechanisms in terms of adaptive processes in which cholinergic systems seem to play an important part.
Author: Douglas Rollins
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN: 0071793372
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 785
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Book Description
A new companion study guide to the most respected text in pharmacy education Goodman & Gilman’s Workbook for Pharmacologic Therapeutics delivers concise, high-yield summaries of the world-renowned coverage of the actions and uses of therapeutic agents in relation to physiology and pathophysiology found in Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. In order to maximize the learning and teaching experience, this unique review is packed with pedagogical aids such as learning objectives, summaries of key points, self-assessment Q&A, case vignettes, and a complete test bank in the final chapter. Perfect as a self-study guide or as a required classroom review, Goodman & Gilman’s Workbook for Pharmacologic Therapeutics contains features and content that will appeal to both students and professors.
Author: Peter Gaudenz Waser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 586
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Book Description
Author: R. Wayne Albers
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080959016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1121
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Book Description
Basic Neurochemistry, Eighth Edition, is the updated version of the outstanding and comprehensive classic text on neurochemistry. For more than forty years, this text has been the worldwide standard for information on the biochemistry of the nervous system, serving as a resource for postgraduate trainees and teachers in neurology, psychiatry, and basic neuroscience, as well as for medical, graduate, and postgraduate students and instructors in the neurosciences. The text has evolved, as intended, with the science. This new edition continues to cover the basics of neurochemistry as in the earlier editions, along with expanded and additional coverage of new research from intracellular trafficking, stem cells, adult neurogenesis, regeneration, and lipid messengers. It contains expanded coverage of all major neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including the neurochemistry of addiction, pain, and hearing and balance; the neurobiology of learning and memory; sleep; myelin structure, development, and disease; autism; and neuroimmunology. - Completely updated text with new authors and material, and many entirely new chapters - Over 400 fully revised figures in splendid color - 61 chapters covering the range of cellular, molecular and medical neuroscience - Translational science boxes emphasizing the connections between basic and clinical neuroscience - Companion website at http://elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123749475
Author: G. B. Koelle
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483185397
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
Section on Pharmacology of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (SEPHAR), Proceedings of the Second International Pharmacological Meeting, August 20-23, 1963, Volume 3: Pharmacology of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Transmission focuses on the effects of drugs on muscles, nerve fibers, and the central nervous system. The selection first offers information on the role of sodium ions in the release of acetylcholine and the distribution and release of acetylcholine in muscles. Discussions focus on the effects of sodium deficiency on ACh release in perfused ganglia; effects of sodium pump inhibitors on ganglionic and myoneural transmission; distribution of ACh and choline acetylase in muscle; and ACh release after denervation. The text then ponders on the roles of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase in junctional transmission and correlated studies of monoamines and acetylcholinesterase in sympathetic ganglia, manifesting the distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic neurons. The publication examines the action of acetylcholine and related drugs on mammalian nonmyelinated nerve fibers; possible mechanisms of acetylcholine action in muscles; and electrophysiological analysis of cholinergic transmission in sympathetic ganglia. The text then reviews the interactions of cholinomimetic and cholinergic blocking drugs at sympathetic ganglia; evolution of cholinoreceptive sites of locomotor muscle; and pharmacological blocking of central cholinoreactive systems and the possibilities of its therapeutic application. The selection is a dependable source of data for readers interested in the pharmacology of cholinergic and adrenergic transmission.
Author: Andrius Baskys
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849383861
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Written by recognized experts in their fields, Brain Mechanisms and Psychotropic Drugs integrates clinical psychopharmacology with basic neuroscience and offers the latest in treatment approaches for major psychiatric disorders. The text is divided into three major sections. The first two sections focus on basic neuroscience, covering fundamental concepts such as ion channels, synapses, second messenger mechanisms, and the aging brain. The second section contains chapters on serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, and peptides. The final section is clinically oriented and discusses major psychotropic drug classes: antidepressants, neuroleptics, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, and cognition-enhancing drugs. This is a must-have volume for all those involved in the clinical use of psychotropic medications, from medical students to practitioners and researchers.
Author: T. Celeste Napier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475701454
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
The basal forebrain has received considerable attention in recent years. This emphasis resulted from observations that the cortically projecting cholinergic neurons found in this region are critical for normal information processing. However, to achieve a complete understanding of such a complex function as "information processing" it is necessary to consider the basal forebrain not as an autonomous structure with a solitary task, but one that plays an integrative role; a structure that is connected intimately with many brain regions. This view evolved from the realization that the basal forebrain interfaces cognitive and reward functions with motor outputs. It is from this integrative and functional perspective that the present book was organized. The book is a unique collection of reports pertaining to the basal forebrain that encompasses a diversity of research approaches and techniques. It provides the reader with a progression of information that begins with anatomical descriptions of the afferent and efferent systems, stressing the integrative nature of various neurotransmitters located within the basal forebrain. The chapters focusing on anatomy are complemented by electrophysiologic studies that merge anatomical concepts with synaptic pharmacology and behavior. In vitro experiments demonstrate physiologic variations in anatomically identified neuronal subtypes and, together with in vivo techniques, provide pharmacologic descriptions of neuronal consequences to various neurotransmitter influences. Additional in vivo reports correlate changes in neuronal activity with specific motivational states and motor behaviors. These functional approaches culminate with behavioral studies that overview current understanding of basal forebrain involvement in mnemonic, reward, and motor processes.
