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ISBN: 9789276406662
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We report on a cycle of four presentations on Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) organized and chaired by DG DEFIS Unit B.2 and given by the author in April/May 2021 to an audience composed by policy officers from DG JRC, DG DEFIS, DG CNECT, DG DIGIT, DG MOVE, REA, EISMEA, HaDEA, COUNCIL, EUSPA, EDA, and ESA. The presentations provide an overview of the place of CSACs in the clock landscape, their underlying working principles and enabling technologies, the available commercial devices, and the research and development initiatives going on worldwide. Applications are also covered, from which it becomes apparent the importance of CSACs for several military uses, and in some civilian domains. The aim of the report is to provide scientific and technical background for policy initiatives in an area of potential interest for strategic autonomy. Indeed, this Technical Report shows that although the EU has a first-class research capability on CSACs and has developed advanced prototypes, the transition towards a market product with characteristics similar to those presently produced in the USA and in China needs attentive policy support. To be successful, a commercial CSAC needs to overcome the market uncertainties facing a product characterized by high manufacturing costs and an application domain falling mostly in the military and defence sector. Since in the EU accreditation and procurement of military equipment is determined by national regulations, there is a clear case for policy initiatives aimed at the institution of an EU-wide market space for CSACs, the only which can guarantee a demand large enough to enable the cost reductions associated with large-scale manufacturing. This point clearly emerged during the discussions which followed the presentations. Indeed, policy officer from both the European Commission and the European Defence Agency hinted at the necessity of establishing a mechanism for information exchange between relevant European institutions, national governments, and manufacturers of military equipment as a precondition to raise the interest of atomic clock producers towards a device which could contribute to EU strategic autonomy. It was agreed that the JRC will continue to provide the Commission the necessary assistance, in terms of technical know-how.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276406662
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
We report on a cycle of four presentations on Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) organized and chaired by DG DEFIS Unit B.2 and given by the author in April/May 2021 to an audience composed by policy officers from DG JRC, DG DEFIS, DG CNECT, DG DIGIT, DG MOVE, REA, EISMEA, HaDEA, COUNCIL, EUSPA, EDA, and ESA. The presentations provide an overview of the place of CSACs in the clock landscape, their underlying working principles and enabling technologies, the available commercial devices, and the research and development initiatives going on worldwide. Applications are also covered, from which it becomes apparent the importance of CSACs for several military uses, and in some civilian domains. The aim of the report is to provide scientific and technical background for policy initiatives in an area of potential interest for strategic autonomy. Indeed, this Technical Report shows that although the EU has a first-class research capability on CSACs and has developed advanced prototypes, the transition towards a market product with characteristics similar to those presently produced in the USA and in China needs attentive policy support. To be successful, a commercial CSAC needs to overcome the market uncertainties facing a product characterized by high manufacturing costs and an application domain falling mostly in the military and defence sector. Since in the EU accreditation and procurement of military equipment is determined by national regulations, there is a clear case for policy initiatives aimed at the institution of an EU-wide market space for CSACs, the only which can guarantee a demand large enough to enable the cost reductions associated with large-scale manufacturing. This point clearly emerged during the discussions which followed the presentations. Indeed, policy officer from both the European Commission and the European Defence Agency hinted at the necessity of establishing a mechanism for information exchange between relevant European institutions, national governments, and manufacturers of military equipment as a precondition to raise the interest of atomic clock producers towards a device which could contribute to EU strategic autonomy. It was agreed that the JRC will continue to provide the Commission the necessary assistance, in terms of technical know-how.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
We have undertaken a development effort to produce a prototype chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC). The design goals include short-term stability, with a total power consumption of less than 30 mW and overall device volume
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ISBN: 9789276487265
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Following the four talks given in April/May 2021 on Chip Scale Atomic Clocks and summarized in a JRC Technical Report, we here relate two presentations devoted to Next-Generation Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (NG-CSACs) organized and chaired by DG DEFIS Unit B.2 and given in October/November 2021 to an audience composed by policy officers from DG JRC, DG DEFIS, DG CNECT, DG DIGIT, DG MOVE, REA, EISMEA, HaDEA, COUNCIL, EUSPA, EDA, and ESA. The driving motivation for the development of a novel CSAC with a stability performance significantly improved with respect to the available products is to obtain a miniature primary frequency standard, that is a device with a frequency stability similar to that of a Caesium beam tube and the typical size, weight and power footprints of a chip-scale atomic clock. Such a device would have an application space much wider than the one attainable by CSACs of the current generation, which because of their high cost and their relatively poor long term stability can be regarded as niche items primarily aimed at high-end backpack military applications. In this report we provide an overview of the research efforts for the development of NG-CSACs: we describe the different physical platforms which are being investigated, analysing the technical bottlenecks and assessing their technological readiness level. Continuous progress both in core and in enabling technologies is taking place, driven in particular by the US DARPA support over the last ten years, and physical packages with very promising properties are being developed. However, a fully-integrated commercially viable NG-CSAC has yet to emerge.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
We have undertaken the development of a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) whose design goals include short-term stability, sigma(sub y)(tau=1 hour), of 1x10(exp 11) with a total power consumption of 30 mW and an overall device volume of 1 cu cm. The stringent power requirement dominates the physics package architecture, dictating a small (
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
We describe chip-scale batch-fabricated cesium cells utilizing semiconductor wafer processing, pin transfer of cesium, and silicon/Pyrex anodic bonding for cell sealing. Highspeed, single-mode linearly polarized VCSELs emitting at the 133Cs D1 line were fabricated, optimized for low threshold and high-speed operation with overall small power dissipation. Coherent population trapping (CPT) end-resonance signals with a contrast and linewidth of 5.4% and 7.1 kHz respectively are achieved using 1 mm optical path length cells and VCSEL driven with 1.25 mW RF modulation and 2.76 mW DC power dissipation. We demonstrate short-term stability with an atomic clock built with these components operating on the CPT end-resonance. The magnetic field is stabilized with a novel magnetic field locking scheme tapping the Zeeman resonance.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
The authors have developed a chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) for applications requiring atomic timing accuracy in portable battery-powered applications. At PTTI/FCS 2005, we reported on the demonstration of a prototype CSAC, with an overall size of 10 cubic centimeters, power consumption H150 mW, and short-term stability. Since that report, we have completed the development of the CSAC, including provision for autonomous lock acquisition and a calibrated output at 10.0 MHz, in addition to modifications to the physics package and system architecture to improve performance and manufacturability. Ten pre-production CSACs have been constructed in order to test unit-to-unit performance variations and to gain statistical confidence in operating specifications, environmental sensitivity, and manufacturability. All of the units have been subjected to a standard set of performance tests. Several of the units have been distributed to DoD system integrators and external testing facilities. Others have been subjected to environmental testing, including shock and vibration, long-term aging, and temperature performance. This paper will review the CSAC architecture, with particular attention to those aspects which have evolved since our previous report, as well as the results of evaluation of the preproduction CSACs.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
A chip-scale atomic clock implemented with end-state physics has been fabricated and characterized. Batch-fabricated components were specifically designed and developed to enable integration within a small form-factor package. The full physics package, implemented with CW VCSEL optical pump, direct end-state hyperfine RF and Zeeman interrogation for magnetic field stabilization, was demonstrated within a 4 cm3 volume, consuming 25 mW of power, and exhibiting an Allan deviation stability. In addition, end-state signal contrast exceeded 40% from millimeter-scale vapor cells with buffer-gas pressures exceeding 2.5 atmospheres, demonstrating the route to submillimeter vapor-cells within high-performance CSACs for high shock/vibration environments.
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ISBN:
Category : Atomic clocks
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Author: Khye Suian Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Symmetricom-TRC has undertaken a development effort to produce a prototype chip-scale atomic clock "CSAC". The overall architecture of the CSAC and, in particular, the physics package, must be defined early in the project, prior to the onset of a large-scale engineering effort. Within the constraints imposed by the performance goals of the project, we have recognized two possible schemes for interrogating the ground-state hyperfine frequency of the gaseous atomic ensemble: the conventional double-resonance technique and the coherent population trapping technique. In this paper, we describe a laboratory apparatus, which allows for in situ comparison of the two techniques, without the ambiguities associated with comparing data from disparate experiments. Data are presented comparing the short-term stability resultant of the two techniques, as well as environmental sensitivity to resonance cell temperature, laser intensity, and RF power.
