Chemistry for Toxicity Testing PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Chemistry for Toxicity Testing PDF full book. Access full book title Chemistry for Toxicity Testing by C.W. Jameson. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: C.W. Jameson
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483191826
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chemistry for Toxicity Testing presents the chemical requirements for external toxicity studies. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 18 chapters that discuss the basic chemistry considerations for toxicity testing program. It also describes the structure-activity prediction of the carcinogenicity of chemicals and the development of methods for mixing chemicals in rodent feed. Some of the topics covered in the book are the formulations of insoluble and immiscible test agents in liquid medium for toxicity testing; problems of testing commercial-grade chemicals; analysis of dosed feed samples; determination of chemical and vehicle mixtures stability; and the toxicity of inhaled chemicals. Other parts explore the methods for generation of test atmosphere and the monitoring of vapor concentration in test atmosphere. An evaluation of dosage analysis data from a problem-solving point of view is provided. The discussion then shifts to the effects of good laboratory practices on chemistry requirements for toxicity testing. The final part is devoted to the monitoring of aerosol chemicals inhalation in chambers. The book can provide useful information to chemists, toxicologists, students, and researchers.
Author: C.W. Jameson
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483191826
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 246
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chemistry for Toxicity Testing presents the chemical requirements for external toxicity studies. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 18 chapters that discuss the basic chemistry considerations for toxicity testing program. It also describes the structure-activity prediction of the carcinogenicity of chemicals and the development of methods for mixing chemicals in rodent feed. Some of the topics covered in the book are the formulations of insoluble and immiscible test agents in liquid medium for toxicity testing; problems of testing commercial-grade chemicals; analysis of dosed feed samples; determination of chemical and vehicle mixtures stability; and the toxicity of inhaled chemicals. Other parts explore the methods for generation of test atmosphere and the monitoring of vapor concentration in test atmosphere. An evaluation of dosage analysis data from a problem-solving point of view is provided. The discussion then shifts to the effects of good laboratory practices on chemistry requirements for toxicity testing. The final part is devoted to the monitoring of aerosol chemicals inhalation in chambers. The book can provide useful information to chemists, toxicologists, students, and researchers.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309109922
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Get Book Here
Book Description
Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.
Author: John Duffus
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847550940
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is a core introductory text to the subject of toxicology and the use of toxicological information for risk assessment by chemists. Increasingly, chemists are being required by law to advise on the safe handling of chemicals. Few chemists, however, have been trained in toxicology, and the subject is often not covered in a chemistry degree curriculum. It is to address this problem that this book has been written. Fundamental Toxicology for Chemists contains a proposed curriculum for teaching toxicology to chemists, which gives a firm grounding in the basics. With this book as a guide, lecturers will be able to design courses that cover all their students needs. In addition, students in all areas of chemistry will find it invaluable. Fundamental Toxicology for Chemists offers a unique assessment of the subject specifically for chemists. It is both comprehensible and fully comprehensive, covering developing areas such as reproduction, behavioural and ecological toxicology. The book has been approved by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists) committees on toxicology and the teaching of chemistry. It has a comprehensive index and an extensive glossary of terms, and will have lasting value to all chemists as a reference, and a text book.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037786
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Get Book Here
Book Description
In the laboratory, testing the toxic effects for a single compound is a straightforward process. However, many common harmful substances occur naturally as mixtures and can interact to exhibit greater toxic effects as a mixture than the individual components exhibit separately. Complex Mixtures addresses the problem of identifying and classifying complex mixtures, investigating the effect of exposure, and the research problems inherent in testing their toxicity to human beings. A complete series of case studies is presented, including one that examines the cofactors of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoke.
Author: Mark Cronin
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849734402
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Get Book Here
Book Description
The aim of this book is to provide the scientific background to using the formation of chemical categories, or groups, of molecules to allow for read-across i.e. the prediction of toxicity from chemical structure. It covers the scientific basis for this approach to toxicity prediction including the methods to group compounds (structural analogues and / or similarity, mechanism of action) and the tools to achieve this. The approaches to perform read-across within a chemical category are also described. Chemical Toxicity Prediction provides concise practical guidance for those wishing to apply these methods (in risk / hazard assessment) and will be illustrated with case studies. This is the first book that addresses the concept of category formation and read-across for toxicity prediction specifically. This topic has really taken off in the past few years due to concerns over dealing with the REACH legislation and also due to the availability of the OECD (Q)SAR Toolbox. Much (lengthy and complex) guidance is available on category formation e.g. from the OECD and, to a lesser extent, the European Chemicals Agency but there is no one single source of information that covers all techniques in a concise user-friendly format.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030904894X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 668
Get Book Here
Book Description
The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.
Author: Mark T. D. Cronin
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849733848
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Get Book Here
Book Description
The aim of this book is to provide the scientific background to using the formation of chemical categories, or groups, of molecules to allow for read-across i.e. the prediction of toxicity from chemical structure. It covers the scientific basis for this approach to toxicity prediction including the methods to group compounds (structural analogues and / or similarity, mechanism of action) and the tools to achieve this. The approaches to perform read-across within a chemical category are also described. The book will provide concise practical guidance for those wishing to apply these methods (in risk / hazard assessment) and will be illustrated with case studies. Chemical Toxicity Prediction is the first book that addresses the concept of category formation and read-across for toxicity prediction specifically. This topic has really taken off in the past few years due to concerns over dealing with the REACH legislation and also due to the availability of the OECD (Q)SAR Toolbox. Much (lengthy and complex) guidance is available on category formation e.g. from the OECD and, to a lesser extent, the European Chemicals Agency but there is no one single source of information that covers all techniques in a concise user-friendly format. There is a real need for this information as in silico toxicology has come to the fore in recent years, primarily as a result of the EU REACH legislation, but also due to many other drivers e.g. reduction of animal testing, Cosmetics regulation. Category formation is seen as the only practical approach to make rational and transparent predictions for complex (human) toxicological endpoints. The book covers all the areas required to create a robust category and perform read-across.
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309034337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
Get Book Here
Book Description
Prepared at the request of the National Toxicology Program, this landmark report reveals that many chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics, drugs, food, and commerce have not been sufficiently tested to allow a complete determination of their potential hazards. Given the vast number of chemical substances to which humans are exposed, the authors use a model to show how research priorities for toxicity testing can be set.
Author: Frank A Barile
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1842145282
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Get Book Here
Book Description
Nationally, toxicology programs have evolved from a traditional exploration of the chemistry and applied toxicity of chemicals and drugs to a more comprehensive study of toxicology and toxicology testing as independent entities. Consequently, the second edition of Principles of Toxicology Testing starts with basic toxicological principles, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of toxins, including chemicals and drugs. The book then continues with animal (in vivo) and in vitro toxicology testing methods associated with toxicological analysis and preclinical drug development. As in the first edition, the book begins with an introduction into the fundamentals of toxicology (Section I) to prepare readers for the subsequent topics and continues through with a discussion of toxicokinetics and human risk assessment. This introductory material is useful in understanding the applications of toxicology testing. Section II describes the fundamental principles of toxicology testing in animals in greater detail. This section describes acute toxicity studies as well as subchronic and chronic studies performed on animals. Special emphasis is placed on study design and determination of classical indicators for acute and chronic testing, such as the LD50. The book examines other short- and long-term animal toxicity testing methodologies, including dermal, ocular, and reproductive toxicity testing. In addition, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are also discussed in separate chapters. Section III introduces and discusses in vitro alternatives to animal toxicology tests. This section emphasizes cell culture methodology and cellular methods for acute systemic toxicity, target organ toxicity, and local toxicity. The contributors present the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods. They also describe the use of high-throughput screening and its applications, the concepts of standardization and validation of in vitro techniques (especially large, organized validation efforts currently supported by US and EU regulatory agencies), and the theories supporting the development of in vitro methodologies. This second edition is a must-read for undergraduate and graduate toxicology students. Industrial and academic research centers will also find the text useful for establishing a toxicology testing laboratory.
