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Author: Nico van Breemen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0585317887
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Soils form a unique and irreplaceable essential resource for all terrestrial organisms, including man. Soils form not only the very thin outer skin of the earth's crust that is exploited by plant roots for anchorage and supply of water and nutrients. Soils are complex natural bodies formed under the influence of plants, microorganisms and soil animals, water and air from their parent material, i.e. solid rock or unconsolidated sediments. Physically, chemically and mineralogically they usually differ strongly from the parent material, and normally are far more suitable as a rooting medium for plants. In addition to serving as a substrate for plant growth, including crops and pasture, soils play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of water, carbon, nitrogen and other elements, influencing the chemical composition and turnover rates of substances in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Soils take decades to millennia to form. We tread on them and do not usually see their interior, so we tend to take them for granted. But improper and abusive agricultural management, careless land- clearing and reclamation, man-induced erosion, salinisation and acidification, desertification, air- and water pollution, and withdrawal of land for housing, industry and transportation now destroy soils more rapidly than they can be formed.
Author: Nico van Breemen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0585317887
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Soils form a unique and irreplaceable essential resource for all terrestrial organisms, including man. Soils form not only the very thin outer skin of the earth's crust that is exploited by plant roots for anchorage and supply of water and nutrients. Soils are complex natural bodies formed under the influence of plants, microorganisms and soil animals, water and air from their parent material, i.e. solid rock or unconsolidated sediments. Physically, chemically and mineralogically they usually differ strongly from the parent material, and normally are far more suitable as a rooting medium for plants. In addition to serving as a substrate for plant growth, including crops and pasture, soils play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of water, carbon, nitrogen and other elements, influencing the chemical composition and turnover rates of substances in the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Soils take decades to millennia to form. We tread on them and do not usually see their interior, so we tend to take them for granted. But improper and abusive agricultural management, careless land- clearing and reclamation, man-induced erosion, salinisation and acidification, desertification, air- and water pollution, and withdrawal of land for housing, industry and transportation now destroy soils more rapidly than they can be formed.
Author: William F. Bleam
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128041951
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
Soil and Environmental Chemistry, Second Edition, presents key aspects of soil chemistry in environmental science, including dose responses, risk characterization, and practical applications of calculations using spreadsheets. The book offers a holistic, practical approach to the application of environmental chemistry to soil science and is designed to equip the reader with the chemistry knowledge and problem-solving skills necessary to validate and interpret data. This updated edition features significantly revised chapters, averaging almost a 50% revision overall, including some reordering of chapters. All new problem sets and solutions are found at the end of each chapter, and linked to a companion site that reflects advances in the field, including expanded coverage of such topics as sample collection, soil moisture, soil carbon cycle models, water chemistry simulation, alkalinity, and redox reactions. There is also additional pedagogy, including key term and real-world scenarios. This book is a must-have reference for researchers and practitioners in environmental and soil sciences, as well as intermediate and advanced students in soil science and/or environmental chemistry. - Includes additional pedagogy, such as key terms and real-world scenarios - Supplemented by over 100 spreadsheets to migrate readers from calculator-based to spreadsheet-based problem-solving that are directly linked from the text - Includes example problems and solutions to enhance understanding - Significantly revised chapters link to a companion site that reflects advances in the field, including expanded coverage of such topics as sample collection, soil moisture, soil carbon cycle models, water chemistry simulation, alkalinity, and redox reactions
Author: Garrison Sposito
Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN: 0195075641
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This book develops a unified, comprehensive account of the important chemical processes in soils that can be described by reactions. The perspective taken is that of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics applied to soil systems in detail in order to provide an understanding of phenomena ranging from complexation reactions to colloidal flocculation. Problem sets are included at the end of each chapter.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080869718
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
Developments in Soil Science, 5A: Soil Chemistry: A: Basic Elements focuses on the advancements in the processes, methodologies, principles, and approaches involved in soil chemistry. The selection first elaborates on the composition of the soil, chemical equilibria, and surface interaction between the soil solid phase and the soil solution. Topics include properties of the liquid layer adjacent to the solid phase, influence of the interaction between solid and liquid phase on soil properties, reactions involving the transfer of protons and/or electrons, calculation of equilibrium constants from thermodynamic data, solid phase components, and gas phase. The manuscript then takes a look at the adsorption of cations and anions by soil, common solubility equilibria in soils, and transport and accumulation of soluble soil components. Discussions focus on solute displacement in soil, transport with and in the liquid phase, iron oxides and hydroxides, carbonate equilibria, anion exclusion at negatively charged surfaces, and highly selective adsorption of cations by soil. The text ponders on the pollution of soil, saline and sodic soils, and chemical equilibria and soil formation, including weathering and soil minerals, reverse weathering, sodication of soils upon irrigation, chemical aspects of the reclamation of saline and sodic soils, and recognition and prediction of soil pollution. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers wanting to study soil chemistry.
Author: Kim H. Tan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439813957
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Learn the secrets of soil chemistry and its role in agriculture and the environment. Examine the fundamental laws of soil chemistry, how they affect dissolution, cation and anion exchange, and other reactions. Explore how water can form water-bridges and hydrogen bonding, the most common forces in adsorption, chelation, and more. Discover how electrical charges develop in soils creating electrochemical potentials forcing ions to move into the plant body through barriers such as root membranes, nourishing crops and plants. You can do all this and more with Principles of Soil Chemistry, Fourth Edition. Since the first edition published in 1982, this resource has made a name for itself as a textbook for upper level undergraduates and as a handy reference for professionals and scientists. This fourth edition reexamines the entire reach of soil chemistry while maintaining the clear, concise style that made previous editions so user-friendly. By completely revising, updating, and incorporating a decade’s worth of new information, author Kim Tan has made this edition an entirely new and better book. See what's new in the Fourth Edition Reexamines atoms as the smallest particle that will enter into chemical reactions by probing new advances testifying the presence of subatomic particles and concepts such as string theory Underscores oxygen as the key element in soil air and atmosphere for life on earth Reevaluates the idea of transformation of orthoclase into albite by simple cation exchange reactions as misleading and bending scientific concepts of ion exchange over the limit of truth Examines the role of fertilizers, sulfur, pyrite, acid rain, and nitrogen fixation in soil acidity, underscoring the controversial effect of nitrification on increasing soil acidity over time Addresses the old and new approaches to humic acids by comparing the traditional operational concept against the currently proposed supramolecular and pseudomicellar concept Proposes soil organics, such as nucleic acids of DNA and others, to also adsorb cation ions held as diffusive ion clouds around the polymers Tan explains, in easy and simple language, the chemical make-up of the four soil constituents, their chemical reactions and interactions in soils as governed by basic chemical laws, and their importance in agriculture, industry, and the environment. He differentiates soil chemistry from geochemistry and physical chemistry. Containing more than 200 equations, 123 figures, and 38 tables, this popular text and resource supplies a comprehensive treatment of soil chemistry that builds a foundation for work in environmental pollution, organic and inorganic soil contamination, and potential ecological health and environmental health risks.
Author: Allen Hunt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119563968
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Explores soil as a nexus for water, chemicals, and biologically coupled nutrient cycling Soil is a narrow but critically important zone on Earth's surface. It is the interface for water and carbon recycling from above and part of the cycling of sediment and rock from below. Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation places chemical weathering and soil formation in its geological, climatological, biological and hydrological perspective. Volume highlights include: The evolution of soils over 3.25 billion years Basic processes contributing to soil formation How chemical weathering and soil formation relate to water and energy fluxes The role of pedogenesis in geomorphology Relationships between climate soils and biota Soils, aeolian deposits, and crusts as geologic dating tools Impacts of land-use change on soils The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Editors
Author: M. A. Tabatabai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Book Description
Author: Andreas Bauer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642313590
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Geochemistry at the surface of the earth is dominated by two somewhat antagonistic forces: chemical reactions which attempt to attain a steady state (equilibrium) and geological movement of materials in time and space which changes the parameters that control chemical equilibrium. Another aspect that is extremely important to earth surface geochemistry is the effect of plants on the chemical and physical stability of materials (soils). Plant systems in fact work against the normal chemical changes (loss of silica, potassium, etc.) and the normal physical changes (stabilizing fine grained materials (clays) in the surface zones to avoid erosion). Biological effects are clearly seen in redox effects in the various parts of the earth surface movement cycle; soil formation, stream transport, sedimentation. This book attempts to outline these different parameters and their interactions as they affect earth surface geochemistry in order to give a better understanding of movement and accumulation of elements at the surface of the earth.
Author: Ronald Amundson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108831265
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
The first process-based textbook on how soils form and function in biogeochemical cycles, for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
Author: Kim H. Tan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824701475
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Incorporating fundamental principles as well as up-to-date applications in soil formation, this work emphasizes the equal importance of organic and inorganic soil constituents by delineating the role of complex carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, lignins, enzymes, and humic acids in soil reactions. This edition features coverage of the relation of pe-pH with the biochemical cycle, soil air quality and soil humidity, thermodynamics in cation exchange and its connection with the quantity/intensity ratio, and more.
