Characterizing the Root-associated Microbial Community Structure After 5 Years of Phytoremediation on Gold Mine Waste Rock in Northern Quebec PDF Download
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Author: Jinglin Chen
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Languages : en
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"Gold mining activities have created numerous environmental problems on mined lands, which have become a growing concern to local communities and regulatory authorities. In recent years, plant-microbe mutualistic interactions have been widely applied in cost-effectively reclaiming mine sites with minor contamination, for restoring the soil's sustainability and productivity. Since post-mining soil is nutrient-deficient for plant colonization, hardy native plants such as alders (Alnus spp.) and boreal conifers that naturally form actinorhizal (e.g., Frankia spp.) and mycorrhizal symbioses are often chosen for improving phytoremediation effectiveness. In the current project, we studied a phytoremediation field trial on a gold mine waste rock pile, at Val-d'Or, QC, since 2012. The plantation consists of two alder species, green alder (Alnus viridis subsp. crispa) and speckled alder (Alnus incana subsp. rugosa), and two conifers, white spruce (Picea glauca) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Before mine transplantation, alders were greenhouse-inoculated with Frankia sp. strain AvcI1 alone and in combination with mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus irregulare and Alpova diplophloeus; while white spruce was inoculated with Hebeloma crustiliniforme and Paxillus involutus, and jack pine was inoculated with Suillus tomentosus and Laccaria bicolor. After 5 years of growth in the field, the community structure (diversity and composition) of microbiota living in the plant's rhizosphere and inside roots (i.e., endophytes) was characterized using amplicon sequencing, which targeted the 16S rRNA gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for exploring the bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities, respectively, in the environment. On the basis of field observations and measurements, we found that neither inoculation of alders with Frankia nor the dual inoculation with Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi improved alder performance in the mine. In the conifer trial, only the inoculated jack pine had higher survival rates (in 2017) and significantly larger seedling growth compared to the uninoculated seedlings. Amplicon sequencing results revealed that the microbial diversity in both rhizosphere and root compartments did not necessarily increase with inoculation. As for the microbial community composition, except for the jack pine plants inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species Suillus (S. tomentosus) and Laccaria (L. bicolor), no contrasting difference was found between the inoculated and uninoculated (control) plants. In the rhizosphere and bulk soils of the inoculated jack pine plants, we found a higher relative abundance of the bacterial families Acetobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae compared to their dominance in the control plants, whereas inside roots, we found the family Acidobacteriaceae (Subgroup 1) was much more abundant in inoculated plants compared to its relative abundance in control plants. In addition, a Suillus fungal genus, which is suspected to be our inoculum S. tomentosus, was found dominating the fungal communities in the inoculated jack pine's rhizosphere, bulk soils and roots, whereas this genus was absent from the control plants. This finding may explain the promoted growth of the inoculated jack pine plants. Regardless of inoculation effects, the planted soils in general improved soil characteristics of the mine leading to a neutral soil pH (7.0), higher moisture content, and a much higher microbial relative abundance. " --
Author: Jinglin Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Gold mining activities have created numerous environmental problems on mined lands, which have become a growing concern to local communities and regulatory authorities. In recent years, plant-microbe mutualistic interactions have been widely applied in cost-effectively reclaiming mine sites with minor contamination, for restoring the soil's sustainability and productivity. Since post-mining soil is nutrient-deficient for plant colonization, hardy native plants such as alders (Alnus spp.) and boreal conifers that naturally form actinorhizal (e.g., Frankia spp.) and mycorrhizal symbioses are often chosen for improving phytoremediation effectiveness. In the current project, we studied a phytoremediation field trial on a gold mine waste rock pile, at Val-d'Or, QC, since 2012. The plantation consists of two alder species, green alder (Alnus viridis subsp. crispa) and speckled alder (Alnus incana subsp. rugosa), and two conifers, white spruce (Picea glauca) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Before mine transplantation, alders were greenhouse-inoculated with Frankia sp. strain AvcI1 alone and in combination with mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus irregulare and Alpova diplophloeus; while white spruce was inoculated with Hebeloma crustiliniforme and Paxillus involutus, and jack pine was inoculated with Suillus tomentosus and Laccaria bicolor. After 5 years of growth in the field, the community structure (diversity and composition) of microbiota living in the plant's rhizosphere and inside roots (i.e., endophytes) was characterized using amplicon sequencing, which targeted the 16S rRNA gene and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for exploring the bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities, respectively, in the environment. On the basis of field observations and measurements, we found that neither inoculation of alders with Frankia nor the dual inoculation with Frankia and mycorrhizal fungi improved alder performance in the mine. In the conifer trial, only the inoculated jack pine had higher survival rates (in 2017) and significantly larger seedling growth compared to the uninoculated seedlings. Amplicon sequencing results revealed that the microbial diversity in both rhizosphere and root compartments did not necessarily increase with inoculation. As for the microbial community composition, except for the jack pine plants inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species Suillus (S. tomentosus) and Laccaria (L. bicolor), no contrasting difference was found between the inoculated and uninoculated (control) plants. In the rhizosphere and bulk soils of the inoculated jack pine plants, we found a higher relative abundance of the bacterial families Acetobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae compared to their dominance in the control plants, whereas inside roots, we found the family Acidobacteriaceae (Subgroup 1) was much more abundant in inoculated plants compared to its relative abundance in control plants. In addition, a Suillus fungal genus, which is suspected to be our inoculum S. tomentosus, was found dominating the fungal communities in the inoculated jack pine's rhizosphere, bulk soils and roots, whereas this genus was absent from the control plants. This finding may explain the promoted growth of the inoculated jack pine plants. Regardless of inoculation effects, the planted soils in general improved soil characteristics of the mine leading to a neutral soil pH (7.0), higher moisture content, and a much higher microbial relative abundance. " --
Author: Suhaib A. Bandh
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323998208
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Freshwater Mycology: Perspectives of Fungal Dynamics in Freshwater Ecosystems presents chapters from expert contributors around the world. Through the contributed chapters, the contributors explore the perspectives of fungal dynamics in freshwater ecosystems, especially their diversity, distribution, functioning and role, biotransformation and bioprospecting potential, methodical advancements and metagenomic insights. Written with aquatic ecologists in mind, this book provides information on oceanic, estuarine and freshwater ecosystems not currently well understood and identifies new questions and answers about the roles of mycology in aquatic ecosystems. This topic is becoming an increasingly important area to understand due to the increasing global transports of microbes due to climate change and human actions. This is leading to a rapid loss of healthy freshwater ecosystems, the grave problem of antibiotic resistance, and the rarity of qualified mycology taxonomists and molecular systematicians. Includes data from locations not previously or well covered from prior synthesis publications Identifies new information on the roles of mycology in aquatic ecosystems Provides insights into the fungal diversity of freshwater ecosystems, along with their potential roles
Author: Stacie Tardif
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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"Phytoremediation, a leading pioneer of green remediation, is an attractive low-cost alternative to conventional soil remediation approaches. However, it is unable to effectively compete in the market due to its lengthy decontamination rates. As such, a detailed understanding of the microbiome dynamics associated with phytoremediation systems is essential in order to optimize degradation processes. The objective of this research was to characterize the influence of compartment, contamination, cultivar type and inoculation on microbiomes associated with willow (Salix spp.) cultivars growing in petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated soil. Next generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used in combination with in-depth multivariate statistics to identify the microbial communities in the soil and in the roots and stems of Salix species. In the first phase of this study, the microbiomes of S. purpurea and S. miyabeana growing in soils from a petrochemical site at different contamination concentrations were characterized. The level of PHC-contamination significantly influenced the microbiome with compartment-specific effects, while significant differences were observed between bacterial and fungal community profiles. Root bacterial communities were made up of a subset of rhizosphere bacteria and consequently, largely shaped by the surrounding environment. Increasing contamination resulted in shifts in the microbiome composition, favoring hydrocarbon degraders and microorganisms associated with plant health. These shifts were less drastic in the rhizosphere and in the root and stem tissues as the plant provided a protective buffer zone against increasing contamination. Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacterial strains living in the roots of S. purpurea and S. miyabeana growing in high concentrations of PHCs was then performed in the second phase of this study. Candidate strains showing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation and plant growth promotion potential were tested in a 4-month long single and mixed strain inoculation study. Plant growth parameters were monitored over time for individual pots, in addition to the microbial community structures and decontamination percentages, which were examined at the beginning and end of the growing season. An average decontamination of 65% of the PHC-contamination was achieved across all treatments. Inoculation treatments significantly modified the rhizosphere microbial communities, an effect that remained visible after 4 months of growth. Although this inoculation did not have the expected effect on plant growth and decontamination, a legacy effect of treatment inoculation was observed on bacterial and fungal soil and root microbial communities, suggesting that the willow microbiome can be modified by inoculation with bacterial endophytes." --
Author: Michel Chalot
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889717615
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Author: Çağdaş Kera Yücel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The role of microbial communities within the plant rhizosphere is a rapidly developing area of research. Specificity of microbial community structure to plant species and environmental drivers of this relationship are not yet well understood in natural communities, particularly in wetlands. In the present thesis, species-specific differences in those communities as well as environmental influences on those differences were examined separately. In an experiment, six different wetland species taken from field sites around Sudbury, Ontario were grown in mesocosms in a wetland garden for two growing seasons. The species included two species from two genera of the family Cyperaceae each, one species of Poaceae and one species of Ericaceae. Mesocosms were inoculated with a mixture of field rhizosphere soils from all the collected plants. A field study was simultaneously conducted on the rhizospheres of two of those species from wetlands along an industrial disturbance gradient. The microbial community structures of the rhizospheres of the selected wetland plants were determined using next generation 454-pyrosequencing techniques. Microbial community structure in the garden experiment showed specificity to plant taxa which was related to the phylogeny of the host plant, the differences increasing with decreasing taxonomic relatedness of the plants. Differences in the microbial community structure between the investigated plant species were also found in the field, but were secondary to site-specific effects. I conclude that the microbial community structure of the rhizosphere does differ between plant species and that environmental conditions were stronger than plant-microbe interactions in the scale of influence over microbial community structure.
Author: Alexandria N. Igwe
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Root-associated (rhizosphere and rhizoplane) microbial communities influence plant phenotype, growth, and local abundance, yet the factors that structure these microbial communities are still poorly understood. California landscapes contain serpentine soils, which are nutrient-poor and high in heavy metals, and distinct from neighboring soils. Many plants are unable to grow in serpentine soils and some endemic species cannot compete on non-serpentine soils. Serpentine-indifferent plants, however, can do both. I utilize this class of plants and a serpentine ecosystem to disentangle the relative influences of plant species and soil type on rhizosphere microbial community composition. In Chapter 1, I characterized the microbial communities associated with the rhizoplane of serpentine-indifferent plants growing on serpentine at McLaughlin Natural Reserve. I supplemented that survey with a manipulative greenhouse experiment where I amended sterile serpentine soil with serpentine-adapted microorganisms, non-serpentine-adapted microorganisms, or a sterile control solution. I then measured seedling survival and plant growth. The results of this experiment showed that plant identity was more important than soil type for structuring rhizosphere microbial communities. Also, soil microbial community sources influenced seedling survival, but plant growth phenotypes were largely invariant to microbial communities with a few exceptions. The results from this experiment are published in Plant and Soil (Igwe, A.N. & Vannette, R.L. Plant Soil (2019) 441:423). In Chapter 2, I used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine how drought impacted the rhizosphere microbial community of several species of Streptanthus . Several species of Streptanthus were exposed to high, medium, and low watering treatments. Bacterial abundances were not significantly impacted by watering treatment. The bacterial communities of the lowest and highest watering treatment were significantly dissimilar. Results showed that alpha diversity decreased as watering levels decreased. Plant species and soil affinity did not impact alpha diversity. Several genera within Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria were differentially abundant between watering treatments. Microbial community dissimilarity was impacted by watering treatment and species, but not soil affinity. Watering treatment shifted the microbial communities such that less water created microbial communities that are more similar. Overall, this research serves to provide insight into the microbial communities shifts we could expect as a result of drought. In Chapter 3, I conducted a manipulative greenhouse experiment using Plantago erecta. I extracted DNA from rhizosphere microbial communities of P. erecta plants at distinct developmental stages: seedling, vegetative growth, early flowering, and late flowering. The plants were grown in serpentine or non-serpentine soil types with adapted or non-adapted microbes. Plant height and leaf number was measured weekly until harvesting and the plant developmental stage was noted. Afterwards, dry mass of above ground parts was collected, and roots were imaged using the WinRhizo system.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and data analysis showed that alpha diversity was significantly lower in serpentine soil treatments and plant developmental stages. The variation observed in the rhizosphere microbial community was influenced by soil type, plant developmental stage, and the interaction between them both. Plants associated with serpentine microorganisms flowered sooner than those associated with non-serpentine microorganisms. In general, plants growing on serpentine soils were shorter, but leaf number was not impacted. Root length, root surface area, and root volume were all larger in nonserpentine soil treatments, but root diameter was not significantly different across soil types. These results are important for understanding how microbial communities shift to support plant survival on stressful soils.
Author: Taylor J. Seitz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bog blueberry
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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The effects of global climate change are accelerated and more pronounced in northern regions, and Alaska is at the forefront of that change. Permafrost, which underlies much of the Alaskan landscape, is rapidly thawing and degrading leading to shifts in hydrology, soil chemistry, and nutrient availability. As permafrost thaws, soil microbial communities have the potential to be influenced taxonomically and functionally. However, it is unclear how active layer microbial communities, which play a role in plant-microbe interactions, are affected by increasing soil disturbance, and how soil microbiomes can influence above ground plant communities. In this study, I aimed to understand how soil microbial communities from Interior Alaska are affected by increasing disturbance, and how they in turn drive the productivity of several plants found in boreal regions. Here I used a growth experiment and found that plant productivity was affected by the disturbance level of the microbial inoculant. Plants grown in soils inoculated with microbes associated with disturbed soils demonstrated significantly decreased productivity compared to plants inoculated with microbes from undisturbed soils. Through metagenomic sequencing, I observed broad scale shifts in community membership across the gradient of soil disturbance. I then continued to characterize the microbial communities used as inoculants in the greenhouse growth experiment through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Microbial communities from disturbed soils were significantly more diverse than those from undisturbed soils, and the beta diversity of communities varied significantly based on the disturbance level. We found that within disturbance level community variation can be used to predict plant growth of bog blueberry, low-bush cranberry, and Labrador tea once the disturbance passes a threshold. These results suggest that as active layer microbial communities are affected by climate-driven soil disturbance, above ground plant communities may demonstrate decreased productivity, and consequently, decreased ecosystem health as the Arctic continues to warm.
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Languages : en
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Soil microorganisms regulate fundamental biochemical processes in soil organic matter (SOM) transformations and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and are thus, important drivers for ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycles. In order to predict how land cover change affects belowground carbon storage, an understanding of how forest floor and soil microbial communities respond to changes in vegetation, and the consequences for SOM formation and stabilization, is fundamental. Using a well-replicated, long-term successional chronosequence, I investigated the effects of natural post-agricultural forest regeneration on microbial communities and belowground C cycling in southeastern Puerto Rico. My primary objectives included: (1) characterizing microbial community composition and activity during 90-years of forest recovery on former pastures, (2) investigating links between microbial community structure, function and SOM pools, and (3) identifying direct links between microbial community composition and microbial functional gene diversity. Results show that forest successional stage best predicts microbial community structure in this landscape. At the same time, microbial community structure and activity varied by season and year, stressing the importance of a multiple, temporal, sampling strategy when investigating microbial community dynamics. This study also revealed the importance of mineral interactions in defining the relationship between soil aggregates, microbial communities and SOM storage in highly weathered tropical soils. The fungal -to-bacterial ratio decreased with diminishing aggregate size, while the ratio between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria increased in the silt and clay fractions. Differences in microbial composition among soil aggregates may influence SOC mineralization and storage as these microbial functional groups utilize different sources of SOC. The fungal-to-bacterial ratio was also important in shaping microbial functional gene diversity of genes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, linking microbial composition to functional potential in SOM transformations. This data supports a direct link between aboveground and belowground biotic community structures and highlights the importance of long-term repeated sampling of microbial communities in dynamic ecosystems. As more regions in the tropics experience post-agricultural reforestation, understanding patterns in belowground community structure and function can improve predictions of the fate of ecosystem carbon with an increase in forest cover.
Author: Bernd Lottermoser
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662051338
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Today's best practice in environmental mine-waste management requires a thorough understanding of the wastes produced. The knowledge of mine wastes represents a new interdisciplinary science and this book provides an introductory, descriptive and analytic overview of the wastes produced in the mineral industry. It describes the characterization, prediction, monitoring, disposal and treatment as well as environmental impacts. Intended for undergraduate courses, it systematically builds the reader’s understanding and knowledge of the wastes produced, their physical and chemical characteristics, and how to deal responsibly with them on a short and long-term basis. The text employs 22 case studies spanning the world’s mineral industry that elucidate best practice and specific challenges in mine-waste management and site rehabilitation.
