Characterization of Elements Regulating Transcription of the Enolase Genes of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and the Mechanism of GCR1 Control PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Characterization of Elements Regulating Transcription of the Enolase Genes of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and the Mechanism of GCR1 Control PDF full book. Access full book title Characterization of Elements Regulating Transcription of the Enolase Genes of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and the Mechanism of GCR1 Control by Catherine Elizabeth Willett. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Catherine Elizabeth Willett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Catherine Elizabeth Willett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Young-Kwon Hong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Chang Seo Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Nagarajan Lakshmanan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic regulation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
YAL044, a gene on the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome one, is shown to code for the H-protein subunit of the multienzyme glycine cleavage system. The gene designation has therefore been changed from YAL044 to GCV3 to reflect its role in the glycine cleavage system. GCV3 encodes a 177 amino acid residue protein with a putative mitochondrial targeting sequence at its amino terminus. Targeted gene replacement shows that GCV3 is not essential for growth on minimal media. It is, however, essential for growth when glycine serves as the sole nitrogen source. Studies of GCV3 expression revealed that it is highly regulated. Supplement with glycine, the glycine cleavage system's substrate, induced expression at least 30-fold. In contrast, addition of the C1-metabolic end products repressed expression about 10-fold. The regulation of glycine cleavage system activity reflects the availability of glycine and the cellular demand for its metabolic products. In addition the glycine cleavage system has been shown to be important for the growth and viability of organisms ranging from microorganisms such as E. coli and S. cerevisiae to humans. Although, this system is important and its activity highly regulated little was known about the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control its activity. To address this I have examined the transcriptional regulation of the S. cerevisiae GCV3 gene. The results presented here show that at least six different transcriptional activators control GCV3 expression. These include: an as yet unidentified activator that is partially responsible for its induction by glycine; Gcn4p the transcriptional activator that mediates general amino acid control; Gln3p which is involved in the activation of nitrogen regulated genes; Gcr1p, a transcription factor important for the expression of glycolytic genes; Bas1p/Bas2p which cooperatively mediates the glycine-dependent expression; and an as yet unidentified factor that represses expression regardless of the growth condition. Additional evidence suggests that Rap1p, Nil1p, Acr1p, Ure2p, and Da180p also regulate GCV3 regulation.
Author: Xu Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Regulation of gene expression is essential for many biological processes. Binding of transcription factors to DNA is a key regulatory step in the control of gene expression. It is commonly observed that DNA sequences with high affinity for transcription factors occur more frequently in the genome than the instances of genes bound or regulated by these factors. However, the mechanism by which transcription factors selectively identify and regulate these genes was unclear. I utilized the transcriptional control of the phosphate-responsive signaling pathway (PHO) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to address this problem.
Author: Su-Wen Ho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 157
Get Book Here
Book Description
Gene expression is an elaborate and finely tuned process involving the regulated interactions of multiple proteins with promoter and enhancer elements. A variety of approaches are currently used to study these interactions in vivo, in vitro as well as in silico. With the genome sequences of many organisms now readily available, a plethora of DNA functional elements have been predicted, but the process of identifying the proteins that bind to them in vivo remains a bottleneck. I developed two high-throughput assays to address this issue. The first is a modification of the yeast "one-hybrid" assay. The second is probing protein microarrays with DNA sequence elements. Using these methods, I identified two proteins, Sef1 and Yjl103c, that bind to the same DNA sequence element. Sef1 and Yjl103c are little-characterized members of the zinc cluster family of transcription factors of S. cerevisiae. Characterization of their mechanism of action as well as identification of some of their target genes leads to the conclusion that they play a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of utilization of nonfermentable carbon sources by budding yeast.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 754
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Yun Zheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gene expression
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The glycine cleavage system (GCS) is a multienzyme complex containing four proteins. The GCS, which is important for the growth and viability of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, catalyses the oxidative cleavage of glycine into CO 2 and NH 3 . Concomitantly it generates the C1-donor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and the electron donor NADH. NH 3 is an important precursor for cellular nitrogen metabolism. The C1-donor 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is a precursor for the biosynthesis of C1-end products such as adenine, thymidylate, serine and methionine. The goal of my research was to study the regulatory mechanisms controlling GCS activity. The expression of GCV3, a yeast gene that codes for one of the four GCS subunits, was analyzed in detail. This revealed that GCV3 expression is regulated by the availability of glycine, and cellular demand for the metabolic products of glycine cleavage. 10 mM glycine in minimal medium (SD) induced GCV3 expression about 4-fold. Supplementing with the C1-metabolic end products repressed GCV3 expression about 3-fold. Both glycine induction and repression by the C1-end products were found to be Bas1p-dependent. The upstream promoter elements required for regulation by Bas1p were localized. Expression of GCV3 is also subject to the general control system in a Gcn4p-dependent fashion. The elements utilized by Gcn4p have been characterized. A GATAA sequence located at -167bp upstream of the start codon is used by the nitrogen regulation system. Gcr1p, a transcription activator for glycolytic genes, is involved in regulating GCV3 in the presence of glucose. Evidences are also presented for an as yet unidentified regulator that represses expression in SD. Additional results presented in this thesis suggest that Rap1p, Nil1p, Ure2p and Deb1p also regulate GCV3.
Author: William Jeremy Blake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Get Book Here
Book Description
Abstract: Dissecting the complex circuitry of the cell is a principal challenge in the post-genomic era. Advances in the fields of molecular biology and bioinformatics have made this problem more amenable to an engineering approach, where components are characterized and assembled to elicit predefined behaviors. In this work we implement an approach which combines computational and experimental techniques to develop artificial gene networks that are used to explore the molecular and biochemical interactions which coordinate cell function. We present the design, construction, and analysis of robust genetic switches in the single-celled eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae , including a bistable switch analogous to an electrical toggle switch. The S. cerevisiae genetic toggle switch allows reversible control of target gene expression in response to an externally applied chemical signal, with up to a 100-fold difference between stable ON and OFF target gene expression states. This functional bistable switch has potential biotechnological and biomedical applications. In addition, we present an experimental and theoretical investigation of the origins and consequences of stochasticity in gene expression in eukaryootc cells. By utilizing well-characterized artificial gene networks, we modulate the expression of a single gene in S. cerevisiae and combine our results with in silico stochastic models of specific eukaryotic transcription mechanisms. A key result of our combined approach addresses the sensitivity of noise in eukaryotic gene expression to the level of transcription and proposes a possible role for the transcription apparatus assembly in modulating such noise. Further, we demonstrate a plausible mechanism for heritable changes in target gene expression whereby increased levels of noise in the expression of a regulatory protein causes a population of isogenic cells to exhibit bistable expression states. Together, our findings address the origins, propagation, and consequences of noise in the expression of eukaryotic genes, and provide insight into the biological design principles involved in noise modulation.
Author: Christopher T. Harbison
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 456
Get Book Here
Book Description
Historically, knowledge of gene-specific transcription has been accumulated by the study of the individual genetic and physical interactions between transcriptional regulators and the genes they regulate, often requiring considerable time and effort. Microarray technology now enables investigation of gene expression at the level of the entire genome, allowing researchers access to rich datasets and promising new levels of depth in the understanding of transcriptional regulation. Our lab has made use of these technologies both to measure the levels of all mRNA transcripts within a population of cells, as well as to locate the regions within the genome that are bound by transcriptional regulators. Such studies not only allow for the functional annotation of both genes and regulators, but can also provide clues about the identity of the regulatory regions within DNA, the structure of global regulatory networks and the regulation of DNA-binding proteins. These and other insights are presented here based on our genome-wide studies of transcriptional regulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
