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Author: Pratima Bajpai
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323994970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Cellulases in the Biofuel Industry discusses how the properties of cellulases affects the quality of the biofuels produced. Heralded as the solution to humanity’s energy problem and the savior of the world’s climate, extensive research is being carried out on biofuels but there are still gaps in our understanding. This book presents cost-effective and current scenarios for cellulase production in the biofuel industry, including the most recent advancements for obtaining cellulases with higher activity on pre-treated biomass substrates by screening and sequencing new organisms, engineering cellulases with improved properties, and by identifying proteins that can stimulate cellulases. The mechanism and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system on cellulose is discussed with the specific classification of each cellulase enzyme, as well as explanations of the limitation of cellulases in terms of their production processes, efficiency and practical applications to biofuels. Various approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system are evaluated, along with the current limitations that are hampering cost-effective production of cellulase and guidance on how these limitations might be resolved. Includes different approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system Discusses the current limitations hampering the cost-effective production of cellulases Provides case studies that include essential information for those looking to adapt cellulases technology
Author: Pratima Bajpai
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323994970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Get Book Here
Book Description
Cellulases in the Biofuel Industry discusses how the properties of cellulases affects the quality of the biofuels produced. Heralded as the solution to humanity’s energy problem and the savior of the world’s climate, extensive research is being carried out on biofuels but there are still gaps in our understanding. This book presents cost-effective and current scenarios for cellulase production in the biofuel industry, including the most recent advancements for obtaining cellulases with higher activity on pre-treated biomass substrates by screening and sequencing new organisms, engineering cellulases with improved properties, and by identifying proteins that can stimulate cellulases. The mechanism and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system on cellulose is discussed with the specific classification of each cellulase enzyme, as well as explanations of the limitation of cellulases in terms of their production processes, efficiency and practical applications to biofuels. Various approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system are evaluated, along with the current limitations that are hampering cost-effective production of cellulase and guidance on how these limitations might be resolved. Includes different approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system Discusses the current limitations hampering the cost-effective production of cellulases Provides case studies that include essential information for those looking to adapt cellulases technology
Author: Manish Srivastava
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030147266
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
Cellulase is a key enzyme of industrial interest and plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of cellulose, a prime component of plant cell walls. Cellulase covers a broad area in the global market of industrially important enzymes and it is considered as the third largest industrial enzyme globally. Additionally, cellulase contributes about 20% of the total enzyme market globally because of its massive demand in various industries such as in biofuel production, pulp, paper, textile, food, and beverages, as well as in detergent industries. Among these, the demand of cellulase may become frequently selected in the commercial production of biofuels in the future and thus will further increase demand of cellulase in the biofuel industry. Because biofuel production is still not realized in a cost-effective, practical implementation due to its high cost (the higher cost of biofuels is due to higher production costs of enzymes), there is a need to introduce these types of approaches, which will help to lower the cost of enzyme production for developing overall economic biofuel production.
Author: Manish Srivastava
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030147273
Category : Cellulase
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cellulase is a key enzyme of industrial interest and plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of cellulose, a prime component of plant cell walls. Cellulase covers a broad area in the global market of industrially important enzymes and it is considered as the third largest industrial enzyme globally. Additionally, cellulase contributes about 20% of the total enzyme market globally because of its massive demand in various industries such as in biofuel production, pulp, paper, textile, food, and beverages, as well as in detergent industries. Among these, the demand of cellulase may become frequently selected in the commercial production of biofuels in the future and thus will further increase demand of cellulase in the biofuel industry. Because biofuel production is still not realized in a cost-effective, practical implementation due to its high cost (the higher cost of biofuels is due to higher production costs of enzymes), there is a need to introduce these types of approaches, which will help to lower the cost of enzyme production for developing overall economic biofuel production.
Author: Deepak K. Tuli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128218967
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases not only explores the present and future of cellulase production, it also compares solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) for cellulase production. Chapters explore bioprocess engineering, metabolic engineering and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced cellulase production, including the application of cellulase for biofuel production. This important resource presents current technical status and the future direction of advances in cellulase production, including application of cellulases in different sectors. Covers the present industrial scenarios and future prospect of cellulase production Describes the molecular structure of cellulase Explores genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and other approaches for improved cellulase production Includes different applications of cellulases, including their application in the bioenergy sector
Author: Arindam Kuila
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128179546
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Genetic and Metabolic Engineering for Improved Biofuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass describes the different aspects of biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Each chapter presents different technological approaches for cost effective liquid biofuel production from agroresidues/biomass. Two chapters cover future direction and the possibilities of biomass-based biofuel production at the industrial level. The book provides a genetic and metabolic engineering approach for improved cellulase production and the potential of strains that can ferment both pentose and hexose sugars. The book also gives direction on how to overcome challenges for the further advancement of lignocellulosic biomass-based biofuel production. Covers genetic engineering approaches for higher cellulase production from fungi Includes genetic and metabolic engineering approaches for development of potential pentose and hexose fermenting strain which can tolerate high ethanol and toxic phenolic compounds Describe different bioreactors used in different steps of biomass-based biofuel production Outlines future prospects and potential of biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass
Author: Neha Srivastava
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444642242
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: From Cellulose to Cellulase: Strategies to Improve Biofuel Production outlines new methods for the industrial production of the cellulose enzyme. The book compares the various processes for the production of biofuels, including the cost of cellulose production and availability. Biofuels are considered to be the main alternatives to fossil fuels in reducing environmental pollution and climate change. Currently, all existing biofuel production is suffering because of the high costs of production processes. As a result, cost effective practical implementation is needed to make this a viable energy alternative. Introduces new and innovative strategies for cellulase enzyme production at industrial scale Provides sustainable approaches to produce cellulase at low cost Covers all aspect and possible factors for economical, low cost, cellulase mediated biofuels production
Author: Hrudayanath Thatoi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429590229
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
The discovery of enzymes as biocatalysts has led to various biotechnological developments. The capability of enzymes to catalyse various chemical reactions both in vivo and in vitro has led them to applications in various industries, such as food, feed, pharmaceutical, diagnostics, detergent, textile, paper, leather, and fine chemical industries. Microbial Fermentation and Enzyme Technology mainly focuses on production and application of enzymes in various industries. Further, it also discusses recent developments in enzyme engineering particularly those involved in creating and improving product formations through enzyme and fermentation technology. Salient features: Includes current research and developments in the area of microbial aspects in different fields like food, chemicals, pharmaceutical, bioprocess, etc. Discusses various enzymes that are used in refinement of environmental pollutions and its application in different industrial sectors Focuses on production and application of enzymes in various industries Highlights recent developments in enzyme engineering with respect to its application in textile, pharmaceutical, nanobiotechnology, bioremediation and many other related fields.
Author: Neha Srivastava
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012821256X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Industrial Enzymes for Biofuels Production: Recent Updates and Future Trends focuses on resolving existing bottlenecks in enzymes mediated biomass to biofuels production processes through updating recent scientific knowledge and technology developments. The book provides low cost sustainable approaches to lower the cost of enzymes production following different approaches. It is specifically focused on industrial aspects of enzymes used in biofuels production processes by presenting in-depth study of existing issues related to practical viability and long-term sustainability. The book covers detailed discussions on market scenario of industrial enzymes used in biofuels production processes and compares them on both lab and industrial scale. Users will find this to be a great resource that also helps them develop low cost green technologies for enzyme development in biofuels production. Includes recent updates in research and the technologies of industrial enzymes used in biofuels production process Describes various developed low-cost technologies for enzyme production Explores different, sustainable approaches currently being used
Author: Vincenza Faraco
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642378617
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.
Author: Paul William Wolski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Abstract Engineering and Identification of Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Cellulases for Biofuels Production by Paul William Wolski Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Biochemistry University of California, Berkeley Professor Douglas S. Clark, Chair Cellulose for biofuels production presents both a great opportunity, in that cellulose is the world's most abundant source of organic material, but also a great challenge in that cellulosic material is highly crystalline and very recalcitrant to degradation. Cellulose is composed of glucose, and this glucose can serve as fermentation feedstock to biofuels in processes that are very well developed. This glucose could also be converted to hydrocarbons similar to diesel for easier commercial adoption. Before cellulase enzymes can degrade the cellulosic biomass, the biomass generally must be preteated to make the cellulose more accessible to the enzymes (i.e. less crystalline). Typically this involves acid or base treatment that only moderately affects the cellulose. Ionic liquids (ILs), which are organic salts that are liquid at or near room temperature, have the ability to dissolve cellulose by disrupting the hydrogen-bonding network that makes cellulose so strong. Ideally the cellulase enzymes would be active against dissolved cellulose. The theme of this research has been to combine the pretreatment step with the enzymatic hydrolysis step. The design of the research was as follows: Identify ionic liquids that can dissolve cellulose, while still supporting enzymatic activity and enzymes from nature that can withstand high ionic liquid concentrations. Then, use directed evolution to enhance the ionic liquid tolerance of cellulases and screen for variants that were indeed more IL-tolerant. Additionally, it was of interest to determine what happens to the enzymes, when inactivated by the ionic liquid. Do they unfold? Does the ionic liquid block the active site? All of these main objectives were achieved, to varying degrees, in this work. First, using GFP as a reporter protein for quickly measuring protein stability by GFP fluorescence, we identified the ionic liquid 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate (Mmim DMP) to support greater cellulase activity than other ionic liquids, including the more commonly used 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (Emim) acetate. Then, we found cellulases from hyperthermophiles, such as Pyrococcus furiosus, to be more stable in aqueous ionic liquid than cellulases from mesophilic organisms. A cellulase from this organism was active in up to 70% (w/w) Mmim DMP. Using DNA shuffling we generated a library of chimeric cellulase (cellobiohydrolase I or Cel7A) genes from several homologous genes. After screening a library of over 1200 variants, we identified two variants that were more stable than the native enzyme from Talaromyces emersonii. However, the degree of increase in stability was much less after both the wild type and variant enzyme were treated with exogenous glutamine cyclase to convert the N terminal glutamine to pyroglutamate. This post-translational modification occurs in T. emersonii. However, when the wild type and variant enzymes were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this modification did not occur, and was confirmed via differential scanning calorimetry. We also used differential scanning calorimetry to determine that the ionic liquid Mmim DMP lowers the melting temperature of the enzyme, in some cases, below the assay temperature. For this reason, we concluded that the ionic liquid, in conjunction with the assay temperature, is working to inactivate the cellulase via global unfolding of the enzyme. In this work we showed that although enzymatic hydrolysis against dissolved cellulose, was not achieved, we successfully enhanced ionic liquid tolerance of cellulases via directed evolution and by selection of cellulases from extremophiles. We demonstrated a strong correlation between ionic liquid tolerance and thermotolerance. Finally, we confirmed that in directed evolution the winning variants are based directly off the screen used. In this case, evolving cellulases in a system that does not perform the native post-translational modification will not necessarily produce the same results in one that does. A future study using the same screening system thus should involve either the exogenous addition of the glutamine cyclase enzyme or endogenous production of the glutamine cyclase to make the screen as close to the production of the native host as possible.
