Catalytic Properties of Well-Defined Ceria and Ceria-Supported Vanadia PDF Download
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Author: Berlin James Sudduth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Catalysts with well-defined surfaces are used to enhance the fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships which are hard to develop with polycrystalline materials whose surfaces are a complex mixture of various facets and defects. This dissertation reports the synthesis of ceria nanoshapes, (100) dominant cubes and (111) dominant octahedra, along with grafting techniques used to improve the control of supported oxides and reduce the impact of defects. These ceria nanoshapes were used to investigate how surface structure influences acid-base properties and defects were minimized by tuning calcination conditions. The (111) facet displayed a higher density of stronger acidic sites in comparison to the (100) facet which facilitated 2-propanol dehydration to propene. The (100) facet had a similar density of basic sites but dehydrogenation to acetone was enhanced by stronger basic sites. Supported vanadium oxides are excellent catalysts for redox reactions such as methanol oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) to produce formaldehyde. Vanadia was deposited on ceria nanocubes using traditional incipient wetness impregnation and a liquid-phase chemical grafting technique to study the influence of loading and deposition method on vanadia structure and methanol ODH activity. Both methods generated well-dispersed vanadia monomers at low loadings but, as vanadia loadings approached monolayer coverage, samples synthesized using chemical grafting showed enhanced dispersion. Bare ceria is responsible for the undesired complete oxidation of methanol to form CO and CO2 which was minimized using chemical grafting of vanadia. Smaller vanadia species expressed greater activity during methanol ODH and improved dispersion at high loadings using chemical grafting increased methanol conversion and selectivity to formaldehyde. This grafting technique was extended to depositing silica on ceria nanoshapes to selectively titrate defect sites with less redox-active material and subsequently depositing vanadia on the remaining pristine ceria facets. After silica deposition, methanol ODH catalysis was no longer governed by differences in ceria defect density and was instead consistent with surface science and theoretical studies which predict (100) to be more active than (111) due to the coordination environments of the intrinsic facets. The knowledge gained using these materials are important in enabling the rational, informed design and improvement of catalysts.
Author: Berlin James Sudduth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Catalysts with well-defined surfaces are used to enhance the fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships which are hard to develop with polycrystalline materials whose surfaces are a complex mixture of various facets and defects. This dissertation reports the synthesis of ceria nanoshapes, (100) dominant cubes and (111) dominant octahedra, along with grafting techniques used to improve the control of supported oxides and reduce the impact of defects. These ceria nanoshapes were used to investigate how surface structure influences acid-base properties and defects were minimized by tuning calcination conditions. The (111) facet displayed a higher density of stronger acidic sites in comparison to the (100) facet which facilitated 2-propanol dehydration to propene. The (100) facet had a similar density of basic sites but dehydrogenation to acetone was enhanced by stronger basic sites. Supported vanadium oxides are excellent catalysts for redox reactions such as methanol oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) to produce formaldehyde. Vanadia was deposited on ceria nanocubes using traditional incipient wetness impregnation and a liquid-phase chemical grafting technique to study the influence of loading and deposition method on vanadia structure and methanol ODH activity. Both methods generated well-dispersed vanadia monomers at low loadings but, as vanadia loadings approached monolayer coverage, samples synthesized using chemical grafting showed enhanced dispersion. Bare ceria is responsible for the undesired complete oxidation of methanol to form CO and CO2 which was minimized using chemical grafting of vanadia. Smaller vanadia species expressed greater activity during methanol ODH and improved dispersion at high loadings using chemical grafting increased methanol conversion and selectivity to formaldehyde. This grafting technique was extended to depositing silica on ceria nanoshapes to selectively titrate defect sites with less redox-active material and subsequently depositing vanadia on the remaining pristine ceria facets. After silica deposition, methanol ODH catalysis was no longer governed by differences in ceria defect density and was instead consistent with surface science and theoretical studies which predict (100) to be more active than (111) due to the coordination environments of the intrinsic facets. The knowledge gained using these materials are important in enabling the rational, informed design and improvement of catalysts.
Author: Alessandro Trovarelli
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169647
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 909
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Book Description
This book follows the 2002 edition of Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials, which was the first book entirely devoted to ceria and its catalytic properties. In the ten years since the first edition a massive amount of work has been carried out in the field, and ceria has gained a prominent position in catalysis as one of the most valuable material for several applications. This second edition covers fundamental and applied aspects of the latest advances in ceria-based materials with a special focus on structural, redox and catalytic features. Special emphasis is given to nano-engineered and nano-shaped systems which are a key factor in the predictive and rational design of ceria with novel properties.In addition, the book presents recent advances in emerging and traditional large-scale applications of ceria in catalysis, such as the treatment of emissions from mobile sources (including diesel and gasoline engines). The primary readership includes catalysis and material science researchers from academy and industry and postdoctorate and graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering and physics.
Author: Alessandro Trovarelli
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 909
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Book Description
This book follows the 2002 edition of Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials, which was the first book entirely devoted to ceria and its catalytic properties. In the ten years since the first edition a massive amount of work has been carried out in the field, and ceria has gained a prominent position in catalysis as one of the most valuable material for several applications. This second edition covers fundamental and applied aspects of the latest advances in ceria-based materials with a special focus on structural, redox and catalytic features. Special emphasis is given to nano-engineered and nano-shaped systems which are a key factor in the predictive and rational design of ceria with novel properties.In addition, the book presents recent advances in emerging and traditional large-scale applications of ceria in catalysis, such as the treatment of emissions from mobile sources (including diesel and gasoline engines). The primary readership includes catalysis and material science researchers from academy and industry and postdoctorate and graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering and physics.
Author: Gordon Sek-Yin Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
Author: Adam Bielanski
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482293285
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 489
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Book Description
A description of catalytic systems commonly used as model systems in the laboratory and as industrial catalysts in large-scale operations, and a discussion of the mechanisms operating in these reactions. Attempts to describe the elementary steps by quantum chemical methods are also shown, as are rec
Author: Israel E. Wachs
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031071255
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1109
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Book Description
Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts. These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds
Author: Wolfgang Grünert
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110632489
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 708
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Book Description
Catalysis is at the heart of the chemical industry, which uses solid catalysts for the large-scale production of commodity chemicals. Catalysis at surfaces is also the basis for the ongoing transition to a sustainable energy supply, which requires molecules such as hydrogen, ammonia or methanol to store energy in chemical bonds, and environmental protection equally relies on heterogeneous catalysis. Catalysis at surfaces is a truly interdisciplinary field, which requires profound knowledge from chemistry, physics and engineering as provided by this textbook. All essential tools are described ranging from the synthesis and modification of porous solids over bulk- and surface-sensitive characterization techniques to currently applied theoretical methods. A close-up to the important aspects of surface catalysis is provided, which comprises the established knowledge about mechanisms and active sites, promotors and poisons in redox and acid-base catalysis. This advanced textbook is recommended for Master and PhD students, for whom it provides the fundamentals and all relevant aspects of catalyst synthesis, characterization and application in suitable reactors. It is not only thermal catalysis that is covered in depth, but also photo- and electrocatalysis as emerging fields in the Energiewende.
Author: Zili Wu
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128013400
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
Catalysis by Materials with Well-Defined Structures examines the latest developments in the use of model systems in fundamental catalytic science. A team of prominent experts provides authoritative, first-hand information, helping readers better understand heterogeneous catalysis by utilizing model catalysts based on uniformly nanostructured materials. The text addresses topics and issues related to material synthesis, characterization, catalytic reactions, surface chemistry, mechanism, and theoretical modeling, and features a comprehensive review of recent advances in catalytic studies on nanomaterials with well-defined structures, including nanoshaped metals and metal oxides, nanoclusters, and single sites in the areas of heterogeneous thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Users will find this book to be an invaluable, authoritative source of information for both the surface scientist and the catalysis practitioner Outlines the importance of nanomaterials and their potential as catalysts Provides detailed information on synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials with well-defined structures, relating surface activity to catalytic activity Details how to establish the structure-catalysis relationship and how to reveal the surface chemistry and surface structure of catalysts Offers examples on various in situ characterization instrumental techniques Includes in-depth theoretical modeling utilizing advanced Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods
Author: Julius Amadeus Nickl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Author: Vanesa Calvino-Casilda
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351786695
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
Synthesis and design of new nanocatalysts is an important area of research that aims to introduce multiple types of useful applications in a greener market. The necessity of nanostructuring the active sites has emerged as the key point in a successful design of the catalysts. The book covers the progress in this research area done in the last ten years. It includes the classification of catalysts and structure of active sites at the nanoscale. The book covers examples to present the concept, evolution of nanocatalysts from the perspective of chemistry of materials and their applications.
