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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309137349
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
H1N1 ("swine flu"), SARS, mad cow disease, and HIV/AIDS are a few examples of zoonotic diseases-diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are a growing concern given multiple factors: their often novel and unpredictable nature, their ability to emerge anywhere and spread rapidly around the globe, and their major economic toll on several disparate industries. Infectious disease surveillance systems are used to detect this threat to human and animal health. By systematically collecting data on the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals, investigators can track the spread of disease and provide an early warning to human and animal health officials, nationally and internationally, for follow-up and response. Unfortunately, and for many reasons, current disease surveillance has been ineffective or untimely in alerting officials to emerging zoonotic diseases. Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases assesses some of the disease surveillance systems around the world, and recommends ways to improve early detection and response. The book presents solutions for improved coordination between human and animal health sectors, and among governments and international organizations. Parties seeking to improve the detection and response to zoonotic diseases-including U.S. government and international health policy makers, researchers, epidemiologists, human health clinicians, and veterinarians-can use this book to help curtail the threat zoonotic diseases pose to economies, societies, and health.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309137349
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
H1N1 ("swine flu"), SARS, mad cow disease, and HIV/AIDS are a few examples of zoonotic diseases-diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are a growing concern given multiple factors: their often novel and unpredictable nature, their ability to emerge anywhere and spread rapidly around the globe, and their major economic toll on several disparate industries. Infectious disease surveillance systems are used to detect this threat to human and animal health. By systematically collecting data on the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals, investigators can track the spread of disease and provide an early warning to human and animal health officials, nationally and internationally, for follow-up and response. Unfortunately, and for many reasons, current disease surveillance has been ineffective or untimely in alerting officials to emerging zoonotic diseases. Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases assesses some of the disease surveillance systems around the world, and recommends ways to improve early detection and response. The book presents solutions for improved coordination between human and animal health sectors, and among governments and international organizations. Parties seeking to improve the detection and response to zoonotic diseases-including U.S. government and international health policy makers, researchers, epidemiologists, human health clinicians, and veterinarians-can use this book to help curtail the threat zoonotic diseases pose to economies, societies, and health.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: FAO
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
This publication is intended to assist veterinary public health services in developing countries and countries in transition in the implementation of capacity-building programmes on surveillance and control of zoonotic diseases.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309128188
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
One of the biggest threats today is the uncertainty surrounding the emergence of a novel pathogen or the re-emergence of a known infectious disease that might result in disease outbreaks with great losses of human life and immense global economic consequences. Over the past six decades, most of the emerging infectious disease events in humans have been caused by zoonotic pathogens-those infectious agents that are transmitted from animals to humans. In June 2008, the Institute of Medicine's and National Research Council's Committee on Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin convened a workshop. This workshop addressed the reasons for the transmission of zoonotic disease and explored the current global capacity for zoonotic disease surveillance.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309169739
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Zoonotic diseases represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from infectious disease. Defined by the World Health Organization, zoonoses are "those diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate." Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases that contribute significantly to an already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and immunocompromised individuals. The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health, covers a range of topics, which include: an evaluation of the relative importance of zoonotic diseases against the overall backdrop of emerging infections; research findings related to the current state of our understanding of zoonotic diseases; surveillance and response strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate the impact of zoonotic diseases on human health; and information about ongoing programs and actions being taken to identify the most important needs in this vital area.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251312362
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
The 2018 FAO-OIE-WHO (Tripartite) zoonoses guide, “Taking A Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries” (2018 TZG) is being jointly developed to provide member countries with practical guidance on OH approaches to build national mechanisms for multisectoral coordination, communication, and collaboration to address zoonotic disease threats at the animal-human-environment interface. The 2018 TZG updates and expands on the guidance in the one previous jointly-developed, zoonoses-specific guidance document: the 2008 Tripartite “Zoonotic Diseases: A Guide to Establishing Collaboration between Animal and Human Health Sectors at the Country Level”, developed in WHO South-East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region. The 2018 TZG supports building by countries of the resilience and capacity to address emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases such as avian influenza, rabies, Ebola, and Rift Valley fever, as well as food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, and to minimize their impacts on health, livelihoods, and economies. It additionally supports country efforts to implement WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and OIE international standards, to address gaps identified through external and internal health system evaluations, and to achieve targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The 2018 TZG provides relevant country ministries and agencies with lessons learned and good practices identified from country-level experiences in taking OH approaches for preparedness, prevention, detection and response to zoonotic disease threats, and provides guidance on multisectoral communication, coordination, and collaboration. It informs on regional and country-level OH activities and relevant unisectoral and multisectoral tools available for countries to use.
Author: Jessica Smith Schwind
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303792618
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Infectious diseases, old and newly emerging, are a constant threat to public health. With the majority of emerging human infectious diseases coming from zoonotic origins, research at the interface between animals and humans has become increasingly important. Currently, the 'One Health' approach is a prominent guiding strategy in several research initiatives, scientific conferences/programs and surveillance systems whose aim is to minimize the risk of the zoonotic transmission of disease. The One Health philosophy is a transdiciplinary approach through which organizations promote cooperation and collaboration between human, animal and ecosystem health professionals. Two areas of concentration in the war against infectious diseases have focused on disease surveillance and in-country capacity building for rapid disease detection and response. Three studies were conducted in order to better understand programs that operationalize the One Health approach in disease surveillance and/or build capacity for detection and response. Chapter 2 of the dissertation explored the similarities and differences among the perspectives of key stakeholders (e.g. wildlife officials and project scientists) regarding priority interfaces, opportunities and challenges facing wildlife disease surveillance today. Chapter 3 assessed the value of including local media surveillance of health events alongside the current digital media surveillance through the implementation of a structured program in developing countries with limited internet connectivity. Finally, Chapter 4 examined the long-term impact of an intensive, One Health-focused training program that aimed to build human capacity within the ecosystem health discipline. Results from the first study showed agreement among both stakeholder groups, wildlife officials and project scientists, that a lack of sustainable funding across regions was the greatest challenge for conducting wildlife surveillance for zoonotic pathogens. The greatest opportunity for conducting wildlife disease surveillance identified most frequently by wildlife officials as important was increasing communication or coordination among agencies, sectors or regions, whereas the most frequent opportunities identified as important by project scientists were increasing human capacity, increasing laboratory capacity and the growing interest or awareness regarding wildlife disease or surveillance programs. For programmatic improvement, prominent points of animal-human contact, such as butchering wildlife, shared water sources and areas of land use change were identified as interfaces where more attention was needed due to the perceived importance by wildlife officials. A One Health approach to capacity building that improves zoonotic pathogen surveillance in wildlife on a global scale is forward thinking, including breaking down barriers across ministries and sectors to enable sufficient manpower and funding to facilitate efficient targeting of high risk interfaces for zoonotic disease transmission. Findings from the second study showed that local media surveillance (LMS) as a disease detection tool filled gaps in digital surveillance network coverage by contributing valuable localized information on health events to the global HealthMap database. A total of 87 health events were reported through the LMS program, including 71 unique reports not found in HealthMap. It was also observed that participation from the local population and proper source selection was crucial to the success of this program. The timely identification of disease outbreaks near points of emergence or the recognition of factors associated with a potential outbreak continues to be an important component of any comprehensive surveillance system for monitoring disease activity across populations. Given this fact, it was observed that the LMS program with its minimal resource commitment could be one tool used to address the information gap seen in global `hotspot' regions where disease emergence is likely to occur. In the final study, an impact evaluation of the Envirovet Summer Institute was conducted and data revealed that a large majority of alumni respondents had held or currently held a position in the ecosystem health profession since their participation in Envirovet. It was also determined that the reach of Envirovet went beyond the participants themselves, influencing local organizations, programs, colleagues, family and friends. Envirovet inspired past participants to not only make environmentally-conscience lifestyle changes within their personal lives, but also spurred them to make changes professionally, whether it was through developing similar ecosystem health programs in their communities or regions, guiding on-the-job decisions or strengthening network contacts. The benefit of adopting a One Health approach was clearly seen in this evaluation, and similar educational or training programs could benefit from developing and applying a comparable evaluation plan to better understand long-term impacts on participants in order to guide this continuously evolving field. Results from this research showed the importance of a One Health approach to investigating and managing emerging health threats, and the methodology used in this dissertation may be beneficial in evaluation of other One Health programs in order to determine utility, effectiveness and funding priorities for other organizations. Zoonoses represent such a large part of public health risk today and despite the research that has been published proving this fact, programs that address zoonotic threats are constantly in peril. As funding for health programs are strained, focusing on effective, evidence-based practices has become more important than ever. This research showed that promoting awareness and participation in One Health activities, whether it is through the incorporation of stakeholder perspectives, the training of workers to adopt a new way of thinking or empowering a population to scan and report local diseases of global importance, was a crucial component of ensuring not only the short-term success, but also the long-term mainstreaming of One Health programs.
Author: United States. Government Accountability Office
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9781422399163
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030915197X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
Modern transportation allows people, animals, and plants-and the pathogens they carry-to travel more easily than ever before. The ease and speed of travel, tourism, and international trade connect once-remote areas with one another, eliminating many of the geographic and cultural barriers that once limited the spread of disease. Because of our global interconnectedness through transportation, tourism and trade, infectious diseases emerge more frequently; spread greater distances; pass more easily between humans and animals; and evolve into new and more virulent strains. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted the workshop "Globalization, Movement of Pathogens (and Their Hosts) and the Revised International Health Regulations" December 16-17, 2008 in order to explore issues related to infectious disease spread in a "borderless" world. Participants discussed the global emergence, establishment, and surveillance of infectious diseases; the complex relationship between travel, trade, tourism, and the spread of infectious diseases; national and international policies for mitigating disease movement locally and globally; and obstacles and opportunities for detecting and containing these potentially wide-reaching and devastating diseases. This document summarizes the workshop.
Author: Bill Gates
Publisher: Vintage
ISBN: 0593534492
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Governments, businesses, and individuals around the world are thinking about what happens after the COVID-19 pandemic. Can we hope to not only ward off another COVID-like disaster but also eliminate all respiratory diseases, including the flu? Bill Gates, one of our greatest and most effective thinkers and activists, believes the answer is yes. The author of the #1 New York Times best seller How to Avoid a Climate Disaster lays out clearly and convincingly what the world should have learned from COVID-19 and what all of us can do to ward off another catastrophe like it. Relying on the shared knowledge of the world’s foremost experts and on his own experience of combating fatal diseases through the Gates Foundation, Gates first helps us understand the science of infectious diseases. Then he shows us how the nations of the world, working in conjunction with one another and with the private sector, how we can prevent a new pandemic from killing millions of people and devastating the global economy. Here is a clarion call—strong, comprehensive, and of the gravest importance.
Author: FAO.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
