Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821383361
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
This volume is the first of its kind to present a comprehensive assessment of the health sector in Afghanistan. Although health outcomes here are some of the worst in the world, the sector has made considerable progress since 2001. A nationwide survey conducted in late 2006 found that the infant mortality rate had fallen from 165 to 129 per 1,000 live births, and the under-five mortality rate had fallen from 257 to 191 per 1,000 live births. These figures represent a 22 percent and a 26 percent decline, respectively, from the end of 2001. Similarly, coverage of prenatal care has increased from less than 5 percent to 32 percent, and childhood vaccinations of DPT3 (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) have increased from less than 20 percent to 35 percent between 2003 and 2006. Administrative data indicate that the number of functioning primary health care facilities has nearly doubled, from 498 in 2001 to more than 936 in 2008. Also, the quality of care in publicly financed facilities has increased by about 22 percent from 2004 to 2006. Although this progress is encouraging, it is not sufficient to ensure that Afghanistan will achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 'Building on Early Gains in Afghanistan s Health, Nutrition, and Population Sector' presents specific policy options for Afghanistan s Ministry of Public Health to consider in advancing to the next level of care for its population. The guiding principles of these options are consistency with the ministry s vision and the feasibility of implementation. The specific challenges include revising the content of the basic package of health services (BPHS), rethinking the delivery of the BPHS, securing sustained and predictable financing, defining the role of the emerging private sector, addressing the shortage of human resources for health, and expanding the capacity of the ministry to enable it to effectively carry out its stewardship functions. This book was prepared as a resource for policy makers, practitioners, and researchers in Afghanistan and other conflict-affected countries. It emphasizes the policy implications of the findings presented.
Author: The World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821398733
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
This report evaluates the outcomes of World Bank Group support to Afghanistan from 2002-11. Despite extremely difficult security conditions, which deteriorated markedly after 2006, the World Bank Group has commendably established and sustained a large program of support to the country. The key messages of the evaluation are: • While World Bank Group strategy has been highly relevant to Afghanistan’s situation, beginning in 2006 the strategies could have gone further in adapting ongoing programs to evolving opportunities and needs, and in programming activities sufficient to achieve the objectives of the pillars in those strategies. • Overall, Bank Group assistance has achieved substantial progress toward most of its major objectives, although risks to development outcomes remain high. Impressive results have been achieved in public financial management, public health, telecommunications, and community development; substantial outputs have also been achieved in primary education, rural roads, irrigation, and microfinance—all started during the initial phase. Bank assistance has been critical in developing the mining sector as a potential engine of growth. However, progress has been limited in civil service reform, agriculture, urban development, and private sector development. • The Bank Group’s direct financial assistance has been augmented effectively by analytic and advisory activities and donor coordination through the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund. Knowledge services have been an important part of Bank Group support and have demonstrated the value of strategic analytical work, even in areas where the Bank Group may opt out of direct project financing. • With the expected reduction of the international presence in 2014, sustainability of development gains remains a major risk because of capacity constraints and inadequate human resources planning on the civilian side. To enhance program effectiveness, the evaluation recommends that the Bank Group help the government develop a comprehensive, long-term human resources strategy for the civilian sectors; focus on strategic analytical work in sectors that are high priorities for the government; assist in the development of local government institutions and, in the interim, support the development of a viable system for service delivery at subnational levels; assist in transforming the National Solidarity Program into a more sustainable financial and institutional model to consolidate its gains; help strengthen the regulatory environment for private sector investment; and scale up IFC and MIGA support to the private sector. Chapter Abstracts Chapter 1 This chapter examines the country context, including continuing conflict and insecurity, poverty, and the role of development partners and non-state actors (civil society and humanitarian organizations) in Afghanistan. It examines coming transitions in security arrangements, including political and economic transitions. It outlines the evaluation methods used, as well as limitations. Chapter 2 This chapter deals with the World Bank Group strategy and program, the Bank Group’s operational program, portfolio performance, analytic and advisory activities review, the Afghanistan Reconstruction Fund, and the new Interim Strategy Note, as well as previous Transitional Support Strategies and ISNs. Chapter 3 This chapter examines the building of state capacity and state accountability to its citizens, specifically issues such as results and shortcomings in public financial management, public sector governance, and health and education. The World Bank Group contribution is highlighted. Risks to development outcomes are discussed. Chapter 4 This chapter examines the issue of promoting growth in the rural economy and improving rural livelihoods, including sectors such as rural roads, agriculture and water. The National Solidarity Program and the Bank Group’s contribution to it are discussed. Risks to development outcomes are noted. Chapter 5 This chapter concerns support for the formal private sector, examining the overall investment climate and financial sector. It looks at possibilities for growth in the mining and hydrocarbons sector, information and communications technology, and power sectors. Urban development is also examined. The World Bank Group contribution is highlighted. Chapter 6 This chapter provides an overall assessment (relevance, efficacy) of the Bank Group’s program in Afghanistan, outlining the internal and external drivers of success (knowledge services, staff capacity, customization of program design to country context, alignment of donor objectives, etc) and weakness. Chapter 7 This chapter outlines the lessons for fragile and conflict-affected situations drawing on the specifics of the Afghanistan evaluation case. Recommendations are offered in areas such as labor markets, human resources, strategic-level analytical work vis-a-vis long-term development strategies, and strengthening of the regulatory environment for private sector investment.
Author: Emanuele Capobianco
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821387707
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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This study reviews trends in aid provided to the health sector in Somalia over 2000?2009. It is a testimony to the commitment of donors and implementers who have relentlessly tried to improve the dire health situation of millions of Somalis. At the same time, this study is a wake-up call for all donors and implementers. Have donors been generous enough? Have millions of dollars been invested in the most efficient way to maximize results? Did donors choose the right priorities? Did they stay the course? Did they learn from their own mistakes? The answers are mixed. Donors stepped up their contributions over the decade: some new financiers came, some others left, but overall, financial support has been constantly increasing. Emergencies took up 30 percent of the overall funding, thus demonstrating the impact on the health sector of man-made and natural disasters. Only 20 percent was allocated for horizontal programs, with increasing funds over the last part of the decade. Vertical programs dominated aid financing for health: in the case of AIDS, TB, and malaria, the generous funding of the last years of the decade do not appear justifiable. Malnutrition, EPI, and reproductive health programs never got the attention they deserved. The key conclusion of this study is that donors? funding for public health in Somalia over the past decade could have been used more strategically. Better coordination among donors, local authorities, and implementers is now needed to avoid the mistakes of the past and to ensure that priority setting for future interventions is more evidence based and more results oriented.
Author: Sarah Tenney
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 0810878658
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 455
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Book Description
This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of the World Bank shows the substantial progress the Bank has made, this mainly through the dictionary section with concise entries on its component institutions, related organizations, its achievements in various fields, some of the major projects and member countries, and its various presidents. The introduction explains how the Bank works while the chronology traces the major events over nearly 70 years. Meanwhile, the list of acronyms reminds us just who the main players are. And the bibliography directs readers to useful internal documentation and outside studies.
Author: Mary Kaldor
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0231546130
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
Warfare in the twenty-first century goes well beyond conventional armies and nation-states. In a world of diffuse conflicts taking place across sprawling cities, war has become fragmented and uneven to match its settings. Yet the analysis of failed states, civil war, and state building rarely considers the city, rather than the country, as the terrain of battle. In Cities at War, Mary Kaldor and Saskia Sassen assemble an international team of scholars to examine cities as sites of contemporary warfare and insecurity. Reflecting Kaldor’s expertise on security cultures and Sassen’s perspective on cities and their geographies, they develop new insight into how cities and their residents encounter instability and conflict, as well as the ways in which urban forms provide possibilities for countering violence. Through a series of case studies of cities including Baghdad, Bogotá, Ciudad Juarez, Kabul, and Karachi, the book reveals the unequal distribution of insecurity as well as how urban capabilities might offer resistance and hope. Through analyses of how contemporary forms of identity, inequality, and segregation interact with the built environment, Cities at War explains why and how political violence has become increasingly urbanized. It also points toward the capacity of the city to shape a different kind of urban subjectivity that can serve as a foundation for a more peaceful and equitable future.
Author: United Nations Library (Geneva, Switzerland)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : International law
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821384414
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Malnutrition in Afghanistan analyses the very high rates of malnutrition amongst women and children in the country and provides the outline of a comprehensive nutrition action plan.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251305722
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.
Author: Ronald W. O'Connor
Publisher: University Press of America
ISBN: 9780819194459
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Afghanistan had the world's highest rates of infant, child, and maternal deaths when Management Sciences for Health began its project to train and support health workers. This book uses that project to discuss the problems and potential for health development in remote, war-torn areas. The field team's efforts provide insight into such problems as coordination among donors of foreign aid and strategies for immunization and family planning. The book analyzes in detail broader issues of health care development such as the management of health systems in times of disorder; the politics of international assistance; and women's access to health services in Islamic societies. Contributors: Laurence Laumonier-Ickx, Paul Ickx, Ronald W. O'Connor, William Oldham, John W. LeSar, Richard Johnson, Jonathan D. Quick, S.M. Amin Fatimie, Peter J. Huff-Rousselle, Linda Tawfik, Vimal Dias, and Mary Gasper. ro-published with Management Sciences for Health.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 1404
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