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Author: Paul Rastall
Publisher: Masarykova univerzita
ISBN: 8021094346
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Lingvistika zdola nahoru představuje alternativu k většině mainstreamových pohledů na jazyk a na lingvistickou analýzu. Tento přístup zkoumá jazykové jednotky a vztahy v jejich vícerozměrné diverzitě. Současně jazykové jednotky pojímá jako způsob, jakým mluvčí vyjadřují své komunikační potřeby, a jako způsob, jakým se tvoří verbální skutečnost. K zobecněním se dospívá z pozorování, přičemž se respektuje diverzita uvnitř jazyků a napříč jazyky. Přístup bere v potaz jak informační, tak signalizační vlastnosti řeči.
Author: Paul Rastall
Publisher: Masarykova univerzita
ISBN: 8021094346
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
Languages : en
Pages : 151
Get Book Here
Book Description
Lingvistika zdola nahoru představuje alternativu k většině mainstreamových pohledů na jazyk a na lingvistickou analýzu. Tento přístup zkoumá jazykové jednotky a vztahy v jejich vícerozměrné diverzitě. Současně jazykové jednotky pojímá jako způsob, jakým mluvčí vyjadřují své komunikační potřeby, a jako způsob, jakým se tvoří verbální skutečnost. K zobecněním se dospívá z pozorování, přičemž se respektuje diverzita uvnitř jazyků a napříč jazyky. Přístup bere v potaz jak informační, tak signalizační vlastnosti řeči.
Author: Nancy H. Hornberger
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 311081479X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.
Author: Julia Sallabank
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107030617
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 287
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Book Description
An in-depth study of endangered language revitalisation, which assesses the implications of changing language attitudes for language campaigners and policy-makers.
Author: Barbara M. Birch
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135217718
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
English L2 Reading: Getting to the Bottom, Second Edition remains a comprehensive, myth-debunking examination of how L1 features (orthographic system, phonology, morphology) can influence English L2 reading at the “bottom” of the reading process. It provides a thorough but very accessible linguistic/psycholinguistic examination of the lowest levels of the reading process. It is both theoretical and practical. The goal is to balance or supplement (not replace) top-down approaches and methodologies with effective low-level options for teaching English reading. Core linguistic and psycholinguistic concepts are presented within the context of their application to teaching. The text clearly explains the strategies that readers of other languages develop in response to their own writing systems (Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, other alphabets, or transparent Roman alphabetic systems), contrasted with an explanation of the strategies that English readers develop in response to the opaque orthography of English, and explicates how other low-level processing strategies for L1 morphology and word formation may aid or hinder processing in English L2 reading acquisition. A complete, balanced reading ideology should be big enough to embrace all reading theories and practices. In particular, it should be able to accommodate those researchers and teachers who find that attention to the details of language can also help students learn to read better. Many ESL/EFL teachers are interested in supplementing their successful whole-language methods with bottom-up reading strategies, but aren’t sure how to do it. This book fills that gap. Changes in the Second Edition: *updated content in each chapter and clearer organization for the student to make the text more reader friendly; *expansion in Chapter 2 on alphabets, writing systems, and a brief history of written English and spelling; *extended discussion in Chapter 3 of the cognition of written language and reading transfer; *addition of phonemic, vocal, subvocal, and articulatory development and L2 reading processing in Chapter 4, as well as instructional activities and strategies for teaching these skills to L2 readers; *elaboration of graphs and graphemes in Chapter 5, including discussion of developing graphemic knowledge, processing strategies, and their instructional application, and new sections on reading speed, pattern recognition, and word recognition; *development of the probabilistic section in Chapter 6, particularly the probabilities in context of L2 reading; *updated information on the topic of brain activation studies; and *new treatment of the topic of reading fluency, added in responses to requests from many readers of the first edition. Intended for ESL/EFL reading researchers, teacher trainers and teachers, and as a text for MATESOL students, most chapters contain practical suggestions that teachers can incorporate into whole language methods to teach beginning or intermediate ESL/EFL reading (letters, pronunciation, “smart” phonics, morphemes, and vocabulary acquisition) in a more balanced way. Pre-reading discussion and study questions are provided to stimulate interest and enhance comprehension. End-of-chapter exercises help readers apply the concepts.
Author: W. Davies
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137361247
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Whilst earlier studies of language planning and of standardisation have tended to study macro processes, this volume is in line with more recent work aimed at bridging the macro and the micro levels by examining how the two interact and influence each other. It covers seven countries and deals with a range of sociolinguistic constellations.
Author: Vittorio Tantucci
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108484824
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
Proposes a new empirical model to analyse how humans can express social cognition at different levels of complexity.
Author: Mick Randall
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9789027219770
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This book explores the contributions that cognitive linguistics and psychology, including neuropsychology, have made to the understanding of the way that second languages are processed and learnt. It examines areas of phonology, word recognition and semantics, examining 'bottom-up' decoding processes as compared with 'top-down' processes as they affect memory. It also discusses second language learning from the acquisition/learning and nativist/connectionist perspectives. These ideas are then related to the methods that are used to teach second languages, primarily English, in formal classroom situations. This examination involves both 'mainstream' communicative approaches, and more traditional methods widely used to teach EFL throughout the world. The book is intended to act both as a textbook for students who are studying second language teaching and as an exploration of issues for the interested teacher who would like to further extend their understanding of the cognitive processes underlying their teaching.Mick Randall is currently Senior Lecturer in TESOL and Head of the Institute of Education at the British University in Dubai. He has taught courses in second language learning and teaching, applied linguistics and psychology in a number of different contexts. He has a special interest in the cognitive processing of language and in the psycholinguistics of word recognition, spelling and reading.
Author: Michael Dambacher
Publisher: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
ISBN: 3869560592
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
In reading, word frequency is commonly regarded as the major bottom-up determinant for the speed of lexical access. Moreover, language processing depends on top-down information, such as the predictability of a word from a previous context. Yet, however, the exact role of top-down predictions in visual word recognition is poorly understood: They may rapidly affect lexical processes, or alternatively, influence only late post-lexical stages. To add evidence about the nature of top-down processes and their relation to bottom-up information in the timeline of word recognition, we examined influences of frequency and predictability on event-related potentials (ERPs) in several sentence reading studies. The results were related to eye movements from natural reading as well as to models of word recognition. As a first and major finding, interactions of frequency and predictability on ERP amplitudes consistently revealed top-down influences on lexical levels of word processing (Chapters 2 and 4). Second, frequency and predictability mediated relations between N400 amplitudes and fixation durations, pointing to their sensitivity to a common stage of word recognition; further, larger N400 amplitudes entailed longer fixation durations on the next word, a result providing evidence for ongoing processing beyond a fixation (Chapter 3). Third, influences of presentation rate on ERP frequency and predictability effects demonstrated that the time available for word processing critically co-determines the course of bottom-up and top-down influences (Chapter 4). Fourth, at a near-normal reading speed, an early predictability effect suggested the rapid comparison of top-down hypotheses with the actual visual input (Chapter 5). The present results are compatible with interactive models of word recognition assuming that early lexical processes depend on the concerted impact of bottom-up and top-down information. We offered a framework that reconciles the findings on a timeline of word recognition taking into account influences of frequency, predictability, and presentation rate (Chapter 4).
Author: Hidayet Tuncay
Publisher: Tuncay (Yayıncılık) Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The ELT & Linguistics Dictionary is a companion to the English language as a second / foreign language study. The Dictionary is more likely a reference/guide book for ELT professionals and students who have been taking up EFL/ESL courses at their graduate and post graduate education. So it is; Comprehensive: almost 2321 entries covering all integrated skills in English language training, linguistic terms closely related to ELT, EFL, ELL, ESL, ESOL, FLL, FLT, TEFL, TESL, & TESOL ; Informative: it provides bibliographies for most of the entries and a wide range of cross-referencing for more conceptual headwords; Referential: it gives a hand to the ELT professionals to understand the concepts more specifically used in ELT literature with the original definitions from the prolific writers in the ELT world.
Author: Heath Rose
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107162734
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
Provides a ground-breaking attempt to unite discussions on the pedagogical implications of the global spread of English, and lobby for change.
