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Author: Dennis Sundvik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
This study explores the link between earnings management and jurisdictional differences in book-tax conformity. A dataset of national reforms where the corporate tax rate is lowered is used to estimate the effect of conformity on private firm's earnings management behavior when a specific incentive to manage earnings downward exists. Total and discretionary accruals are used to measure earnings management and a continuous measure is used to assess the level of book-tax conformity. The results suggest that changes in the statutory tax rate affect firms within jurisdictions with high book-tax conformity more than firms in jurisdictions where book and taxable income are less conformed. However, more overall earnings management is attributed to firms in the low conformity jurisdictions. With these findings, a contribution based on private firms and signed earnings management is made to the ongoing debate on the appropriate level of book-tax conformity.
Author: Dennis Sundvik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
This study explores the link between earnings management and jurisdictional differences in book-tax conformity. A dataset of national reforms where the corporate tax rate is lowered is used to estimate the effect of conformity on private firm's earnings management behavior when a specific incentive to manage earnings downward exists. Total and discretionary accruals are used to measure earnings management and a continuous measure is used to assess the level of book-tax conformity. The results suggest that changes in the statutory tax rate affect firms within jurisdictions with high book-tax conformity more than firms in jurisdictions where book and taxable income are less conformed. However, more overall earnings management is attributed to firms in the low conformity jurisdictions. With these findings, a contribution based on private firms and signed earnings management is made to the ongoing debate on the appropriate level of book-tax conformity.
Author: G. Nathan Dong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We provide evidence on how statutory corporate tax rate changes affect income-shifting behavior. Our difference-in-differences identification strategy exploits the 112 staggered changes in corporate income tax rates across the 33 U.S. states during the period 1989-2012. We find that accounting earnings are more likely to be managed upward in response to state tax cuts and more significantly among firms with higher prior-year return on assets. Most firms do not manage earnings downward in response to tax increases, probably because significant tax increases usually occur when states are fiscally constrained and downward smoothing of reported earnings can certainly draw scrutiny from cash-strapped state governments. More importantly, firms had higher ROA but experienced lower stock returns prior to tax cuts do use discretionary accruals to increase earnings in the year of the tax cut and reduce earnings in the year of the tax rise, a strategy that improves returns to shareholders. This evidence suggests that firms often trade off the tax benefits of earnings management to maximize firm value for a lower risk of being detected by the regulators and other market participants.
Author: David Hay
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136210350
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 387
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Book Description
Auditing has been a subject of some controversy, and there have been repeated attempts at reforming its practice globally. This comprehensive companion surveys the state of the discipline, including emerging and cutting-edge trends. It covers the most important and controversial issues, including auditing ethics, auditor independence, social and environmental accounting as well as the future of the field. This handbook is vital reading for legislators, regulators, professionals, commentators, students and researchers involved with auditing and accounting. The collection will also prove an ideal starting place for researchers from other fields looking to break into this vital subject.
Author: Michael Firth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper investigates the underexplored issue of whether and how firms manage their earnings when tax rates increase. We hypothesize and find that firms generally choose to manage their taxable income upward in a book-tax non-conforming manner rather than in a book-tax conforming manner before a tax rate increment, which in turn reduces the book-tax difference as well as the detection risk of earnings management. These results suggest that firms give more weight to tax incentives and tax audit or regulatory inspection risks than to boosting financial reporting income in tax management. However, when firms have higher earnings management incentives or lower tunneling incentives (i.e., non-state-owned enterprises), we find that they manage their taxable income and book income upward together (i.e., in a book-tax conforming manner), whereas their counterparts (i.e., state-owned enterprises) do not. Overall, our paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating the interplay of tax, tunneling and earnings management incentives in influencing tax management strategies.
Author: Bradley S. Blaylock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
There is an on-going debate in the literature about the costs and benefits of conforming book and taxable income. Proponents argue that increased book-tax conformity will reduce aggressive financial reporting because managing earnings up increases taxes and will curtail abusive tax shelters because managing taxes down decreases earnings reported to shareholders. We use a panel of 139,536 firm-year observations across 34 countries over the period 1996-2007 to test whether high levels of book-tax conformity are associated with less earnings management and find that higher book-tax conformity is associated with significantly more, not less earnings management. We conclude that one of the primary claimed benefits of increasing book-tax conformity, more truthful financial reporting with less earnings management, is unlikely to be as large as previously thought.
Author: Sebastian Eichfelder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We quantify the degree of tax-induced earnings management associated with statutory tax rates and examine whether greater book-tax conformity alters this particular type of earnings management. We first validate a new empirical approach for examining tax-induced earnings management using European unconsolidated financial and ownership information over 2005-2013. We provide robust evidence of significant tax-induced earnings management in both domestic and multinational firms. In particular, the results suggest that a 10 percentage point increase in the corporate tax rate relates to an 8.2 percent decrease in pre-tax book income. We then document that firms in countries with greater book-tax conformity engage in additional tax-induced earnings management. This is important given that it contrasts with prior literature, which does not find an effect for book-tax conforming transactions with a change in conformity.
Author: Cheng Few Lee
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811202400
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 5053
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Book Description
This four-volume handbook covers important concepts and tools used in the fields of financial econometrics, mathematics, statistics, and machine learning. Econometric methods have been applied in asset pricing, corporate finance, international finance, options and futures, risk management, and in stress testing for financial institutions. This handbook discusses a variety of econometric methods, including single equation multiple regression, simultaneous equation regression, and panel data analysis, among others. It also covers statistical distributions, such as the binomial and log normal distributions, in light of their applications to portfolio theory and asset management in addition to their use in research regarding options and futures contracts.In both theory and methodology, we need to rely upon mathematics, which includes linear algebra, geometry, differential equations, Stochastic differential equation (Ito calculus), optimization, constrained optimization, and others. These forms of mathematics have been used to derive capital market line, security market line (capital asset pricing model), option pricing model, portfolio analysis, and others.In recent times, an increased importance has been given to computer technology in financial research. Different computer languages and programming techniques are important tools for empirical research in finance. Hence, simulation, machine learning, big data, and financial payments are explored in this handbook.Led by Distinguished Professor Cheng Few Lee from Rutgers University, this multi-volume work integrates theoretical, methodological, and practical issues based on his years of academic and industry experience.
Author: Michelle Lee Hanlon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
"This paper discusses the issues surrounding the proposals to conform financial accounting income and taxable income. The two incomes diverged in the late 1990s with financial accounting income becoming increasingly greater than taxable income through the year 2000. While the cause of this divergence is not known for certain, many suspect that it is the result of earnings management for financial accounting and/or the tax sheltering of corporate income. Our paper outlines the potential costs and benefits of one of the proposed "fixes" to the divergence: the conforming of the two incomes into one measure. We review relevant research that sheds light on the issues surrounding conformity both in the U.S. as well as evidence from other countries that have more closely aligned book and taxable incomes. The extant empirical literature reveals that it is unlikely that conforming the incomes will reduce the amount of tax sheltering by corporations and that having only one measure of income will result in a loss of information to the capital markets"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Author: Michelle Hanlon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
We examine whether the information content of earnings is inversely related to the degree of conformity between financial accounting income and taxable income. Our inquiry exploits a natural experiment first examined by Guenther et al. (1997) in which a set of U.S. firms were forced to increase their book-tax conformity as a result of a change in the tax law. We find evidence consistent with the increase in book-tax conformity reducing the usefulness of financial accounting earnings. The information content of earnings as measured by the long-window earnings response coefficients and the R-squared from a regression of returns on earnings decreases for this set of firms after the tax law required greater book-tax conformity. We find that the declines are significantly larger than the changes in the same measures for an industry-matched sample of firms not required to increase conformity. These results add to the academic literature on the interaction of taxes and financial reporting as well as to the policy debate about whether the U.S. should conform the tax law to GAAP, a debate that has recently intensified.
Author: Myron S. Scholes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781292065571
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
For MBA students and graduates embarking on careers in investment banking, corporate finance, strategy consulting, money management, or venture capital Through integration with traditional MBA topics, Taxes and Business Strategy, Fifth Edition provides a framework for understanding how taxes affect decision-making, asset prices, equilibrium returns, and the financial and operational structure of firms. Teaching and Learning Experience This program presents a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students: *Use a text from an active author team: All 5 authors actively teach the tax and business strategy course and provide students with relevant examples from both classroom and real-world consulting experience. *Teach students the practical uses for business strategy: Students learn important concepts that can be applied to their own lives. *Reinforce learning by using in-depth analysis: Analysis and explanatory material help students understand, think about, and retain information.
