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Author: Janet Lynn Griffitts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bone implements
Languages : en
Pages : 629
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Book Description
This study examines decision making concerning tool use and raw material choice through the analysis of bone technology from five sites from the Middle Missouri subarea of the Northern Plains of North America.
Author: Janet Lynn Griffitts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bone implements
Languages : en
Pages : 629
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Book Description
This study examines decision making concerning tool use and raw material choice through the analysis of bone technology from five sites from the Middle Missouri subarea of the Northern Plains of North America.
Author: Janet Griffitts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1258
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Book Description
This study examines decision making concerning tool use and rawmaterial choice through the analysis of bone technology from five sites from the MiddleMissouri subarea of the Northern Plains of North America. The research methods employed include high power optical microwear analysis, experimental replication, and the study of modern bone tool use. At the time of contact with Europeans andEuroamericans, the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara lived in semi sedentary villages along the Missouri River where they practiced a mixed economy centered on both agriculture and bison hunting. The villagers were central in indigenous trade networks and later in the international fur trade, as European and Euroamericans traders and explorers sought to insert themselves into the existing networks. Occasional trade goods are found as early as the seventeenth century, increasing through time as more Europeans and Euroamericans entered the area, indicating that the villagers supplied the newcomers with food, horses, and furs in exchange for those goods. They also were impacted by European diseases, increasing violence, and by accompanying changes in many aspects of their society. Post contact technological change is often modeled as a relatively simple unilinear process in which metal tools quickly replaced older technologies. Analysis of modified bone and antler from historic sites indicates the processes were more complicated. Some tool types were quickly replaced, while others persisted, and there was also variation within tool types. Rather than immediately rendering bone technology obsolete, as has been suggested, there was an initial period of experimentation as people used the new metal cutting and chopping tools to modify the older bone technology. Some tools were made by simply shaping the bone with metal rather than stone, but in other cases the new metal tools were used to create bone tools in completely new forms. Both social and functional factors influence tool choices in raw material, form, and use. This study provides a deeper understanding of many processes involved in technological change in the contact period.
Author: Alice Choyke
Publisher: Oxbow Books
ISBN: 1782972129
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 702
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Book Description
A fundamental component of the study of worked osseous objects is the identification of the raw materials chosen to make them. In archaeological contexts many objects become degraded to the point where identification is very difficult and the way in which these materials decay during burial and upon excavation can vary greatly. Correct identification is crucial to the investigation of objects, their conservation and future curation. Above all, understanding raw material selection aids our understanding of human-animal interaction in the past both on pragmatic and symbolic levels since the choices made by artisans vary by cultural tradition as well as availability. The 20 papers presented here explore a wealth of information pertaining to the use of osseous materials over the long period of human craftsmanship and tool manufacture by exploring several key themes: · Raw material selection and curation within tool types · Social aspects of raw material selection · New methods of materials identification It is demonstrated that the issue of raw material identification has numerous implications for conservation work, reproduction of objects, the physical characteristics of the tool or ornament, availability of raw materials, the materials chosen for procurement and the cultural reasons that lie behind the choice of raw materials from particular species and skeletal elements to produce planned tool and ornament types. Together, these papers emphasize the need for confident and correct materials identification and demonstrate that functionality is by no means the only, nor necessarily the most important, factor in the selection of osseous raw materials for the fabrication of tools and other cultural objects.
Author: Jeffrey R. Ferguson
Publisher: University Press of Colorado
ISBN: 1607320223
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
Each chapter addresses a particular classification of material culture---ceramics, stone tools, perishable materials, composite hunting technology, butchering practices and bone tools, and experimental zooarchaeology---detailing issues that must be considered in the development of experimental archaeology projects and discussing potential pitfalls. The experiments follow coherent and consistent research designs and procedures that are given theoretical context. Contributors outline methods that will serve as a guide in future experiments. This degree of standardization is uncommon in traditional archaeological research but is essential to experimental archaeology. --
Author: Michael Brian Schiffer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319000772
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 213
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Book Description
This manual pulls together—and illustrates with interesting case studies—the variety of specialized and generalized archaeological research strategies that yield new insights into science. Throughout the book there are templates, consisting of questions, to help readers visualize and design their own projects. The manual seeks to be as general as possible, applicable to any society, and so science is defined as the creation of useful knowledge—the kinds of knowledge that enable people to make predictions. The chapters in Part I discuss the scope of the archaeology of science and furnish a conceptual foundation for the remainder of the book. Next, Part II presents several specialized, but widely practiced, research strategies that contribute to the archaeology of science. In order to thoroughly ground the manual in real-life applications, Part III presents lengthy case studies that feature the use of historical and archaeological evidence in the study of scientific activities.
Author: Michael B. Schiffer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134903723
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Behavioral archaeology offers a way of examining the past by highlighting human engagement with the material culture of the time. 'Behavioral Archaeology: Principles and Practice' offers a broad overview of the methods and theories used in this approach to archaeology. Opening with an overview of the history and key concepts, the book goes on to systematically cover both principles and practice: the philosophy of science and the scientific method; artifacts and human behavior; archaeological inference; formation processes of the archaeological record; technological change; behavioral change; and ritual and religion. Detailed case studies show the relevance of behavioral method and theory to the wider field of archaeological studies. The book will be invaluable to students of archaeology and anthropology.
Author: Dan Hicks
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0199218714
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 794
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Book Description
Written by an international team of experts, the Handbook makes accessible a full range of theoretical and applied approaches to the study of material culture, and the place of materiality in social theory, presenting current thinking about material culture from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, geography, and science and technology studies.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 604
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Book Description
Author: American Anthropological Association
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anthropology
Languages : en
Pages : 756
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Book Description
Author: Douglas B. Bamforth
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521873460
Category : HISTORY
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
This book uses archaeology to tell 15,000 years of history of the indigenous people of the North American Great Plains.
