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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Biosorption can be an effective technique for the treatment of heavy metal bearing waste water resulting from humuns and industrial activities. Several gram positive and gram negative bacteria have the ability to remove the heavy metals and there by making water contaminant free. It has been reported that attenuated bacterial biomass have greater biosorption capability than viable cells. In the present study, the biosorption of heavy metals using individual and mixed culture of attenuated bacteria (gram positive and gram negative) like Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and parameters affecting the biosorption of heavy metals; such as time, pH, biomass concentration and initial metal concentration have been investigated. The batch experiments have been carried out using individual and mixed bacterial culture and the biosorption parameters were optimized using univariate procedures. The present study shows that 90.4% of biosorption of Mercury was observed for mixed cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and 99.3% and 78.5% biosorption for individual cultures respectively. The time taken for maximum sorption of Mercury was 60, 40 and 40 minutes for mixed cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The optimum biomass concentration was found to be 2, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/ml for mixed cultures, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. pH 5 was found to be optimum for all the three biomass (two individual cultures; one mixed culture) for Mercury biosorption. Optimum temperature was $32\, ^{\circ}C$ for all the three systems used in the present work. Adsorption isotherms of all the three metals with mixed cultures were best fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models having highest value of regression coefficients with R2 0.99 which is close to one. Two kinetic models namely pseudo first order equation and pseudo second order equation were also tested for the biosorption processes. The biosorption of Chromium (VI) shows that.
Author: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal
Publisher: Prem Jose
ISBN: 1980943540
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Human populations need methods and technologies to clean waters and diminish the environmental dangers related to technological progress. Biosorption can be one such solution to clean up metal contamination. In the present study P.aeruginosa and B.subtilis was isolated from rhizosphere soil by serial dilution and plate count technique. Both free and immobilized form of isolates were tested for the biosorption of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu). Both the strains were able to remove metal from solutions. Free cells of B.subtilis and P.aeruginosa showed maximum iron removal 86.6% and 92.2% respectively. Free cells of B.subtilis is better in chromium removal (92%) that P.aeruginosa. and B.subtilis was equally effective in the removal of copper (98.1%). Maximum microorganism removal was observed with immobilized cells of B.subtilis; 87.5%. agitation increases the rate of biosorption when compared to static condition. The experiments were also conducted at 37°C and showed slight increase in the rate of biosorption. Microbial metal bioremediation is an efficient strategy due to its low cost, high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. This work summarize the potential of micros in metals remediation.
Author: Bohumil Volesky
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849349171
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
This state-of-the-art volume represents the first comprehensively written book which focuses on the new field of biosorption. This fascinating work conveys essential fundamental information and outlines the perspectives of biosorption. It summarizes the metal-sorbing properties of nonliving bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass, plus highlights relevant metal-binding mechanisms. This volume also discusses the aspects of obtaining and processing microbial biomass and metal-chelating chemicals into industrially applicable biosorbent products. Microbiologists, chemists, and engineers with an interest in new technological and scientific horizons will find this reference indispensable.
Author: Dinesh Sriramulu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789238153
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, though unfamiliar as an aggressive invader, has gained importance in the scientific community due to its association with cystic fibrosis (CF) and its ability to construct biofilms resilient to host defense. The chronic nature of CF allows this bacterium to colonize, adapt, and evolve at its own pace, thereby causing further complications in CF patients. With its huge genetic repertoire and plasticity of the genome, P. aeruginosa has been able to alter its contents by way of deletions, insertions, inversions, and so on. Therefore scientists and researchers are eager to study this bacterium in diverse and unusual niches. Written by experts from around the world, this book describes and discusses the various mechanisms of adaptation and evolution displayed by P. aeruginosa.
Author: Surajit Das
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351649396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1149
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Book Description
Around the World, metal pollution is a major problem. Conventional practices of toxic metal removal can be ineffective and/or expensive, delaying and exacerbating the crisis. Those communities dealing with contamination must be aware of the fundamentals advances of microbe-mediated metal removal practices because these methods can be easily used and require less remedial intervention. This book describes innovations and efficient applications for metal bioremediation for environments polluted by metal contaminates.
Author: Jan Derco
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789234727
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Municipal and industrial wastewaters contain a wide spectrum of pollutants. Their effective removal presents a challenge for water treatment technology. Biosorption of nutrients and pollutants has been used in sewage treatment since the discovery of the activated sludge process. It is a passive uptake process by which pollutants are adsorbed on the surface of cell walls and/or dissolved in structures of microorganism cells that are present in sludge. Sorbed pollutants remain in the sludge and can be potentially released back into the environment depending on their condition and the reversibility of the pollutant-sludge interaction. An overview of typical biosorption applications for the removal of nutrients, organic pollutants, and metals in wastewater treatment is provided in different areas of their use for the protection of aquatic ecosystems and human health. This book will be of interest to operators of wastewater treatment plants and sludge treatment and disposal facilities as well as to researchers and university students in the field of environmental engineering.
Author: Pavel Kotrba
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400704437
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Heavy metals always pose serious ecological risks when released into the environment due to their elemental non-degradable nature, regardless of their chemical form. This calls for the development of efficient and low-cost effluent treatment and metal recuperation technologies for contaminated waste water, not only because regulatory limits need to be met but also because the waste itself can be a resource for certain precious metals. Biosorption is a general property of living and dead biomass to rapidly bind and abiotically concentrate inorganic or organic compounds from even very diluted aqueous solutions. As a specific term, biosorption is a method that utilizes materials of biological origin – biosorbents formulated from non-living biomass - for the removal of target substances from aqueous solutions. Recent research on biosorption provides a solid understanding of the mechanism underlying microbial biosorption of heavy metals and related elements. This book gathers review articles analyzing current views on the mechanism and (bio)chemistry of biosorption, the performance of bacterial, fungal and algal biomass, and the practical aspects of biosorbent preparation and engineering. It also reviews the physico-chemical evaluations of biosorbents and modelling of the process as well as the importance of biosorption during heavy metal removal using living cells. It is a reference work for scientists, environmental safety engineers and R&D specialists who wish to further promote biosorption research and use the accumulated knowledge to develop and build industrial applications of biosorption in heavy metal separation technologies.
Author: Hanan Selman Hessan
Publisher: JPS Scientific Publications, India
ISBN: 9789391342098
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
The tannery effluent was collected from the Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, India and bioremediated. Physico - chemical characteristics of the collected tannery effluent was analyzed. The tannery effluent was acidic nature with brown colour and emitted unpleasant smell. High value of TSS and TDS and BOD and COD, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate and the toxic heavy metals chromium, nickel, zinc, copper and iron were recorded in the collected tannery effluent sample. Ten different bacterial isolates viz., Pseudomonas sp. (P1), Proteus sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia sp., Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp. (P2), Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were identified. The bacterial isolates were screened for its resistance against toxic heavy metals. All the ten isolate were resistant to all the heavy metals. Heavy metal adsorption by living bacterial cells (Bioaccumulation), dead bacterial cells (Biosorption) and immobilized bacterial cells (Immobilization) was studied. Immobilized (Sodium alginate) bacterial cells were considered as the best was for the bioremediation of heavy metals. The bacterial isolates which were identified in genus level were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and identified in species level. The bacteria Bacillus sp. confirmed as was confirmed as Bacillus subtilis, Serratia sp. was confirmed as Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas sp. was confirmed as Pseudomonas fluorescens. The bacterial isolate Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens were selected for optimization study based on heavy metal adsorption. The collected tannery effluent was inoculated with (immobilized beads) 5 per cent inoculum containing >105 cfu/ml of bacterial consortium (Bacillus subtilis + Serratia marcescens + Pseudomonas fluorescens), and air was passed continuously using an aerator. After 6 months, the sample was filtered under aseptic condition and physico - chemical parameters were estimated. The colour of the bioremediated tannery effluent sample was black to colourless and odorless. The physico - chemical characteristics of the bioremediated tannery effluent was significantly reduced after 6 month
Author: Rathoure, Ashok K.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1466697350
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
Bioremediation is an emerging field of environmental research. The objective of a bioremediation process is to immobilize contaminants (reactants) or to transform them into chemical products that do not pose a risk to human health and the environment. Toxicity and Waste Management Using Bioremediation provides relevant theoretical and practical frameworks and the latest empircal research findings on the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater using bioorganisms. Focusing on effective waste treatment methodologies and management strategies that lead to improved human and environmental health, this timely publication is ideal for use by environmenal scientists, biologists, policy makers, graduate students, and scholars in the fields of environmental science, chemistry, and biology.
Author: Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128241683
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Nano-Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Applications explores how nano-bioremediation is used to remedy environmental pollutants. The book's chapters focus on the design, fabrication and application of advanced nanomaterials and their integration with biotechnological processes for the monitoring and treatment of pollutants in environmental matrices. It is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and environmental scientists who are looking to increase their understanding of bioremediation at the nanoscale. The mitigation of environmental pollution is the biggest challenge to researchers and the scientific community, hence this book provides answers to some important questions. As an advanced hybrid technology, nano-bioremediation refers to the integration of nanomaterials and bioremediation for the remediation of pollutants. The rapid pace of urbanization, massive development of industrial sectors, and modern agricultural practices all cause a controlled or uncontrolled release of environmentally-related hazardous contaminants that are seriously threatening every key sphere, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and anthroposphere. Explores the current and potential applications of nano-bioremediation in the remediation of hazardous pollutants Outlines the major properties and classes of nanomaterials that make them efficient bioremediation agents Assesses the major challenges of effectively implementing bioremediation techniques at the nanoscale
