Biodiesel Production from Varying Grades of Beef Tallow and Chicken Fat PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the conversion of chicken fat and tall oil, both individually and in a blend, into biodiesel. The conventional base-catalyzed method of biodiesel production has shown to be inappropriate for the conversion of high free fatty acid-containing feedstocks such as tall oil, due to the undesired saponification reaction that takes place. Likewise, the acid-catalyzed method of biodiesel production has been shown to be inappropriate for the conversion of triglyceride-containing feedstocks, such as chicken fat, due to the long reaction times and large excess of methanol required. Therefore, an alternate reaction pathway was investigated for these two very different feedstocks. Supercritical methanol treatment, which requires no separate catalyst, was the method chosen. Following the development of proper protocol, both chicken fat and tall oil fatty acids were reacted in supercritical methanol to produce biodiesel under a matrix of temperatures and methanol to fee stock ratios. Results indicate that the chicken fat and tall oil fatty acids can be converted successfully in a single step with yields in excess of 89% (out of 91% max) and 94% respectively. The optimum temperature and excess methanol was determined, and the results suggest the use of a two step process involving the initial hydrolysis of triglyceride-containing feeds followed by the supercritical esterification of the resulting/existing free fatty acids. The results of one such test proved to be satisfactory, and are reported herein. Furthermore, crude tall oil was also tested in the system to investigate its viability as a biodiesel feedstock with limited success. Cold flow properties, such as viscosity and cloud point, are reported for the resultant fuels. The viscosities of all of the fuels exceeded the ASTM D6751 acceptable specifications for biodiesel; therefore blending with other biodiesel fuels such as methyl soyate would be required for widespread use of the fuels produced under the conditions reported herein as commercial biodiesel.
Author: R Luque
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857095862
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels capable of substituting fossil fuel usage in compression ignition vehicles, and is used in a variety of fuel blends worldwide. First-generation biodiesel has been used in national markets for some time, with fuel quality standards in place for this purpose. There remain, however, several restrictions to sustainable and long term market development, which is influenced by many factors, including food vs. fuel pressures. The development of new generations of biodiesel, aimed at more sustainable and effective feedstock utilisation alongside improved production efficiency and fuel quality, is critical to the future both of this industry and of the continuing use of biodiesel fuels in transportation.This book provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies. Part one reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards. This coverage is extended in Part two, with chapters focussing on the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in biodiesel production a standard reference for chemical, biochemical and industrial process engineers, as well as scientists and researchers in this important field. - Provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies - Reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards - Discusses the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323939414
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4061
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Book Description
Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Four Volume Set comprehensively covers all renewable energy resources, including wind, solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal energy, and nuclear power, to name a few. In addition to covering the breadth of renewable energy resources at a fundamental level, this encyclopedia delves into the utilization and ideal applications of each resource and assesses them from environmental, economic, and policy standpoints. This book will serve as an ideal introduction to any renewable energy source for students, while also allowing them to learn about a topic in more depth and explore related topics, all in a single resource.Instructors, researchers, and industry professionals will also benefit from this comprehensive reference. - Covers all renewable energy technologies in one comprehensive resource - Details renewable energies' processes, from production to utilization in a single encyclopedia - Organizes topics into concise, consistently formatted chapters, perfect for readers who are new to the field - Assesses economic challenges faced to implement each type of renewable energy - Addresses the challenges of replacing fossil fuels with renewables and covers the environmental impacts of each renewable energy
Author: Fernando Israel Gomez Castro
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323859127
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Biofuels and Biorefining: Volume One: Current Technologies for Biomass Conversion considers the conventional processes for biofuels and biomass-derived products in single and biorefinery schemes. Sections address the fundamentals of the transformation of biomass into fuels and products, including a discussion of current and future scenarios, potential raw materials that can be used, the main processing technologies and their commercial potential, and a description of the concept of biorefinery and the opportunities offered by this approach. Each chapter is supported by industry case studies covering the development of each product, fuel type, and biorefinery. This book provides an integrated approach to biofuels production and process intensification that will be useful to researchers involved in all aspects of bioenergy, particularly those interested in cost reduction, environmental impact and enhanced production. - Includes all fundamental concepts related to the production of biofuels and value-added products from biomass - Provides a comprehensive biorefinery scheme that addresses all biofuel types (liquid, solid and gaseous) and related bio-based products - Presents state-of-the-art information on production processes - Covers all required information for the modeling and economical assessment of biofuels production in single process or under a biorefinery scheme
Author: Jan C.J. Bart
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845697766
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 859
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Book Description
Biodiesel production is a rapidly advancing field worldwide, with biodiesel fuel increasingly being used in compression ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel has been extensively studied and utilised in developed countries, and it is increasingly being introduced in developing countries, especially in regions with high potential for sustainable biodiesel production.Initial sections systematically review feedstock resources and vegetable oil formulations, including the economics of vegetable oil conversion to diesel fuel, with additional coverage of emerging energy crops for biodiesel production. Further sections review the transesterification process, including chemical (catalysis) and biochemical (biocatalysis) processes, with extended coverage of industrial process technology and control methods, and standards for biodiesel fuel quality assurance. Final chapters cover the sustainability, performance and environmental issues of biodiesel production, as well as routes to improve glycerol by-product usage and the development of next-generation products.Biodiesel science and technology: From soil to oil provides a comprehensive reference to fuel engineers, researchers and academics on the technological developments involved in improving biodiesel quality and production capacity that are crucial to the future of the industry. - Evaluates biodiesel as a renewable energy source and documents global biodiesel development - The outlook for biodiesel science and technology is presented exploring the challenges faced by the global diesel industry - Reviews feedstock resources and vegetable oil formation including emerging crops and the agronomic potential of underexploited oil crops
Author: Mack-Blackwell National Rural Transportation Study Center (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rural transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Mohammad Aslam
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811922357
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
This book covers the entire spectrum of green diesel and their applications in existing CI engines. This book discusses how a green diesel is a better fuel than biodiesel and petrodiesel and more suitable fuels for sustainable future development. The book begins with a concise overview of the fundamentals of the green diesel properties, preparation, and characterization of green diesel using hydroprocessing technology. The book covers recent developments in the domain of green diesel derived particularly from the second-/third-generation feedstocks. Various topics covered in this book include the catalysts involved in the processing of green diesel, characterization of the products as per ASTM/EN protocols. In addition, the book also illustrates characteristic features of green diesel and how it is different from biodiesel and petrodiesel. Other chapters cover performance and emission characteristics of green diesel in CI engines and techno-economic analysis. Moreover, the current status of green diesel industries is also incorporated. This book is of particular interest to graduate students and academic or industrial researchers/professionals working in the area of green diesel/green energy, bioenergy and mechanical, automobile, and chemical engineering. This book makes a forceful foundation for the establishment of green diesel refineries/biorefineries for a sustainable, cleaner, and greener future.
Author: Lawrence K. Wang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030610020
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 651
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Book Description
This book is a sister volume to Volume 20 of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering Series, "Integrated Natural Resources Management", and expands on the themes of that volume by addressing the conservation and protection of natural resources in an environmental engineering context through state-of-the-art research methodologies and technologies. With a focus on water and wastewater treatment, the book takes a multidisciplinary approach to provide readers with an understanding of developments in natural resources technology over the last few decades, and how technology and industry methods will progress to ensure cleaner and sustainable methods of natural resources management. The key topics covered include biological activated carbon treatment for recycling biotreated wastewater, composting for food processing wastes, treatment of wastewater from chemical industries, agricultural waste as a low-cost adsorbent, and the invention, design and construction of potable water dissolved air flotation and filtration plants. The book will be useful to environmental resources engineers, researchers, water treatment plant managers, chemical engineers, industrial plant managers, and environmental conservation agencies.
Author: Jon Harlan Van Gerpen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural industries
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
