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Author: Shivaditya Gautam
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1599423472
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Septoria leaf blotch has been the major disease of wheat in Britain and much of the rest of Europe. It has been reported that the disease causes serious yield losses to range from 31 to 53%. Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici) is the pathogen which causes Septoria leaf blotch. The disease can be controlled by various methods such as cultural practices, chemical control, using resistant varieties and biological control. In plant pathology, the term biological control leads to the introduction of microbial antagonists or host specific pathogens to suppress diseases and populations of one or more plant pathogens. This study investigated the microbial community on and within wheat leaves which can suppress Septoria leaf blotch by reducing the inoculum level of the causative pathogen M. graminicola. Plate count and DGGE analysis techniques were used to assess the microbial community. The changes in the microbial populations of healthy, senescent and M. graminicola infected i.e. diseased wheat leaves were investigated in vitro on agar plates using plate colony count method. It was found that method was successful in assessing both bacterial and fungal population sizes showing distinct colonies. DGGE is a rapid method which can analyze large number of samples simultaneously. The bands appearing in DGGE profile represent different species present in the microbial population. The DGGE technique was successfully used in this study to assess bacterial community. Bioinformatics tools have also played a vital role in this study for identifying bacterial and fungal species. A total of five bacterial species and five fungal species were identified by bioinformatics tools. The antagonistic abilities of identified bacterial and fungal species were tested against a Septoria isolate in vitro on dual culture PDA plates. Four microorganisms (Fusarium sp., Verticillium sp., Penicillium sp., Sporobolomyces sp. and Microbotryum sp.) in the dual cultures vary in their colony length, width, ratio of length and width and distance bwtween them. But after statistical analysis all the values are insignificant observations of dual culture plates indicated that the microorganisms might inhibit Septoria by competing for space. These microorganisms after testing might be good candidates for further in vivo testing of Septoria inhibition. A thorough knowledge of wheat leaf microbial communities is required for further use of biocontrol in the future.
Author: Shivaditya Gautam
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1599423472
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Septoria leaf blotch has been the major disease of wheat in Britain and much of the rest of Europe. It has been reported that the disease causes serious yield losses to range from 31 to 53%. Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici) is the pathogen which causes Septoria leaf blotch. The disease can be controlled by various methods such as cultural practices, chemical control, using resistant varieties and biological control. In plant pathology, the term biological control leads to the introduction of microbial antagonists or host specific pathogens to suppress diseases and populations of one or more plant pathogens. This study investigated the microbial community on and within wheat leaves which can suppress Septoria leaf blotch by reducing the inoculum level of the causative pathogen M. graminicola. Plate count and DGGE analysis techniques were used to assess the microbial community. The changes in the microbial populations of healthy, senescent and M. graminicola infected i.e. diseased wheat leaves were investigated in vitro on agar plates using plate colony count method. It was found that method was successful in assessing both bacterial and fungal population sizes showing distinct colonies. DGGE is a rapid method which can analyze large number of samples simultaneously. The bands appearing in DGGE profile represent different species present in the microbial population. The DGGE technique was successfully used in this study to assess bacterial community. Bioinformatics tools have also played a vital role in this study for identifying bacterial and fungal species. A total of five bacterial species and five fungal species were identified by bioinformatics tools. The antagonistic abilities of identified bacterial and fungal species were tested against a Septoria isolate in vitro on dual culture PDA plates. Four microorganisms (Fusarium sp., Verticillium sp., Penicillium sp., Sporobolomyces sp. and Microbotryum sp.) in the dual cultures vary in their colony length, width, ratio of length and width and distance bwtween them. But after statistical analysis all the values are insignificant observations of dual culture plates indicated that the microorganisms might inhibit Septoria by competing for space. These microorganisms after testing might be good candidates for further in vivo testing of Septoria inhibition. A thorough knowledge of wheat leaf microbial communities is required for further use of biocontrol in the future.
Author: Richard Ewen Campbell
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521349000
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
The basis of biocontrol (in microbiology, ecology and plantpathology) is described and many examples of control measures in commercial use or development are given
Author: David Hornby
Publisher: Cabi
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
Take-all is the most important root disease of cereals worldwide and a major disease problem in northern European wheat-growing regions. It is regarded by many as an intractable problem because of the lack of economically-viable chemical controls and resistant cultivars. It remains one of the great challenges of plant pathology and serves as an ideal model for many of the problems of root diseases in general. This book, an initiative of the IACR/ADAS/Universities Cereal Root Pathology Group, is the first since 1981 to provide an up-to-date review of the practical aspects of take-all research. It contains the experience of several contributors with long and active careers in take-all research or the advisory services and includes a comprehensive worldwide bibliography of relevant literature published over the last 15 years. The book concentrates on Europe, particularly the UK and France, and this regional theme is developed through comparisons with approaches used in, for example, North America and Australia. Chapters deal with history, disease and epidemiology, take-all in relation to cereal production systems, strategies for management, the pathogens and related fungi, field techniques and future prospects. This book is essential reading for advanced students and professionals in cereal crop protection research and will be of interest to plant pathologists as well as agricultural advisors.
Author: Sudisha Jogaiah
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128230940
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
Biocontrol and Secondary Metabolites: Applications and Immunization for Plant Growth and Protection covers established and updated research on emerging trends in plant defense signaling in, and during, stress phases. Other topics cover growth at interface as a sustainable way of life and the context of human welfare and conservation of fungi as a group of organisms. Further, the book explores induced systemic resistance using biocontrol agents and/or secondary metabolites as a milestone for sustainable agricultural production, thus providing opportunities for the minimization or elimination of the use of fungicides. - Presents an overview on mechanisms by which plants protect themselves against herbivory and pathogenic microbes - Identifies the use of immunization as a popular and effective alternative to chemical pesticides - Explores how these fungi help crop plants in better uptake of soil nutrients, increase soil fertility, produce growth promoting substances, and secrete metabolites that act as bio-pesticides
Author: Aakash Goyal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493911880
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This volume presents the issues and challenges of crop pathogens and plant protection. Composed of the latest knowledge in plant pathology, the book covers topics such as fungal diseases of the groundnut, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, plant pathogenic fungi in the genomics era, the increased virulence of wheat rusts and oat fungal diseases. Written by experienced and internationally recognized scientists in the field, Future Challenges in Crop Protection Against Fungal Pathogens is a concise yet comprehensive resource valuable for both novice as well as experienced plant scientists and researchers.
Author: K. G. Mukerji
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100069772X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
First Published in 1988, this set offers a comprehensive insight into controlling diseases in plants. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for biologists, horticulturalists, other practitioners in their respective fields.
Author: Gülçin Ercan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Cereals are main food sources for humans and animals. However, during storage, cereal grains can be infested by insects and fungi. One of the most important insect storage pests is Sitophilus granarius (L., Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Adults and larvae can cause serious grain losses. In addition to insect pests, fungal pathogens may also invade the grain and cause economic loss, including contamination with mycotoxins, which threaten mammal health by causing serious disease. The most common mycotoxigenic grain fungi are species that belong to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Currently, the most commonly used management strategies for insect and fungal storage pests are based on conventional pesticides and cultural methods. However, there is a need for alternatives to conventional pesticides due to their side effects, insecticide resistance, and consumer demand for uncontaminated food. Cultural methods may not be cost-effective or practical in all storage facilities. Moreover, both insect and fungal pests share the same niche and have possible interactions with each other that increase economic losses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find potential biocontrol agents that showed dual biocontrol effect against granary weevil and three common fungal pests in stored grain. We determined that two fungal isolates (Trichoderma gamsii E1032 and E1064) and one bacterial isolate (B. amyloliquefaciens C415) achieved dual control against both the insect pest and the fungal pathogens by causing mortality of S. granarius and suppression of three grain fungal pathogens. In addition, a specific aim of this study was the examination of lethal and sublethal effects on S. granarius. Metarhizium anisopliae E213 showed strong sublethal effect by reducing ovipositio rate and grain infestation additionally, Cladosporium halotolerans E126 minimally reduced oviposition rate yet was significantly different from negative control. Also, all tested bacterial treatments had significantly lower survival than the negative control. And, Bacillus thuringiensis C423 showed strong sublethal effect by reducing feeding damage and oviposition rate. Additionally, candidate biocontrol agents were tested against grain fungal pathogens with two different method, antibiosis and wheat seed bioassays, to confirm performance of the effective isolate on the real stored grain. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lysobacter enzymogenes, and Burkholderia ambifaria demonstrated the highest antifungal activity. This study demonstrates dual biocontrol against insect and fungal pests, which has potential as a component of Integrated Pest Management strategies for stored grain.
Author: Trevor R. Hodkinson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108471765
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
Discusses the role of endophytes in food security, forestry and health. It outlines their general biology, spanning theory to practice.
Author: Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642336396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
The future of agriculture greatly depends on our ability to enhance productivity without sacrificing long-term production potential. The application of microorganisms, such as the diverse bacterial species of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), represents an ecologically and economically sustainable strategy. The use of these bio-resources for the enhancement of crop productivity is gaining importance worldwide. "Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management" discusses various aspects of biological control and disease suppression using bacteria. Topics covered include: fluorescent pseudomonads; siderophore-producing PGPR; pseudomonas inoculants; bacillus-based biocontrol agents; bacterial control of root and tuber crop diseases; fungal pathogens of cereals; soil-borne fungal pathogens; peronosporomycete phytopathogens; and plant parasitic nematodes.
Author: K.F. Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Biological balance; What is biological control?; Biological control in plant pathology; Examples of biological control; Approaches to biological control with antagonistic microorganisms; Role of the pathogen in biological control; Role of the antagonist in biological control; Role of the host in biological control; Role of the physical environment in biological control; Biological control of pathogens of aerial parts; Whither biological control?; Why biological control?.
