Author: Young W. Park
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0813819822
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
Book Description
Although bioactive compounds in milk and dairy products have been extensively studied during the last few decades – especially in human and bovine milks and some dairy products – very few publications on this topic are available, especially in other dairy species’ milk and their processed dairy products. Also, little is available in the areas of bioactive and nutraceutical compounds in bovine and human milks, while books on other mammalian species are non-existent. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products extensively covers the bioactive components in milk and dairy products of many dairy species, including cows, goats, buffalo, sheep, horse, camel, and other minor species. Park has assembled a group of internationally reputed scientists in the forefront of functional milk and dairy products, food science and technology as contributors to this unique book. Coverage for each of the various dairy species includes: bioactive proteins and peptides; bioactive lipid components; oligosaccharides; growth factors; and other minor bioactive compounds, such as minerals, vitamins, hormones and nucleotides, etc. Bioactive components are discussed for manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products. Aimed at food scientists, food technologists, dairy manufacturers, nutritionists, nutraceutical and functional foods specialists, allergy specialists, biotechnologists, medical and health professionals, and upper level students and faculty in dairy and food sciences and nutrition, Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products is an important resource for those who are seeking nutritional, health, and therapeutic values or product technology information on milk and dairy products from the dairy cow and speciesbeyond. Areas featured are: Unique coverage of bioactive compounds in milks of the dairy cow and minor species, including goat, sheep, buffalo, camel, and mare Identifies bioactive components and their analytical isolation methods in manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products Essential for professionals as well as biotechnology researchers specializing in functional foods, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and prebiotics Contributed chapters from a team of world-renowned expert scientists
Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products
Author: Young W. Park
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0813819822
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
Book Description
Although bioactive compounds in milk and dairy products have been extensively studied during the last few decades – especially in human and bovine milks and some dairy products – very few publications on this topic are available, especially in other dairy species’ milk and their processed dairy products. Also, little is available in the areas of bioactive and nutraceutical compounds in bovine and human milks, while books on other mammalian species are non-existent. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products extensively covers the bioactive components in milk and dairy products of many dairy species, including cows, goats, buffalo, sheep, horse, camel, and other minor species. Park has assembled a group of internationally reputed scientists in the forefront of functional milk and dairy products, food science and technology as contributors to this unique book. Coverage for each of the various dairy species includes: bioactive proteins and peptides; bioactive lipid components; oligosaccharides; growth factors; and other minor bioactive compounds, such as minerals, vitamins, hormones and nucleotides, etc. Bioactive components are discussed for manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products. Aimed at food scientists, food technologists, dairy manufacturers, nutritionists, nutraceutical and functional foods specialists, allergy specialists, biotechnologists, medical and health professionals, and upper level students and faculty in dairy and food sciences and nutrition, Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products is an important resource for those who are seeking nutritional, health, and therapeutic values or product technology information on milk and dairy products from the dairy cow and speciesbeyond. Areas featured are: Unique coverage of bioactive compounds in milks of the dairy cow and minor species, including goat, sheep, buffalo, camel, and mare Identifies bioactive components and their analytical isolation methods in manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products Essential for professionals as well as biotechnology researchers specializing in functional foods, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and prebiotics Contributed chapters from a team of world-renowned expert scientists
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0813819822
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
Book Description
Although bioactive compounds in milk and dairy products have been extensively studied during the last few decades – especially in human and bovine milks and some dairy products – very few publications on this topic are available, especially in other dairy species’ milk and their processed dairy products. Also, little is available in the areas of bioactive and nutraceutical compounds in bovine and human milks, while books on other mammalian species are non-existent. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products extensively covers the bioactive components in milk and dairy products of many dairy species, including cows, goats, buffalo, sheep, horse, camel, and other minor species. Park has assembled a group of internationally reputed scientists in the forefront of functional milk and dairy products, food science and technology as contributors to this unique book. Coverage for each of the various dairy species includes: bioactive proteins and peptides; bioactive lipid components; oligosaccharides; growth factors; and other minor bioactive compounds, such as minerals, vitamins, hormones and nucleotides, etc. Bioactive components are discussed for manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products. Aimed at food scientists, food technologists, dairy manufacturers, nutritionists, nutraceutical and functional foods specialists, allergy specialists, biotechnologists, medical and health professionals, and upper level students and faculty in dairy and food sciences and nutrition, Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products is an important resource for those who are seeking nutritional, health, and therapeutic values or product technology information on milk and dairy products from the dairy cow and speciesbeyond. Areas featured are: Unique coverage of bioactive compounds in milks of the dairy cow and minor species, including goat, sheep, buffalo, camel, and mare Identifies bioactive components and their analytical isolation methods in manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products Essential for professionals as well as biotechnology researchers specializing in functional foods, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and prebiotics Contributed chapters from a team of world-renowned expert scientists
Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds
Author: Vijai Kumar Gupta
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118733495
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 742
Book Description
Bioactive compounds play a central role in high-value product development in the chemical industry. Bioactive compounds have been identified from diverse sources and their therapeutic benefits, nutritional value and protective effects in human and animal healthcare have underpinned their application as pharmaceuticals and functional food ingredients. The orderly study of biologically active products and the exploration of potential biological activities of these secondary metabolites, including their clinical applications, standardization, quality control, mode of action and potential biomolecular interactions, has emerged as one of the most exciting developments in modern natural medicine. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds describes the current stage of knowledge on the production of bioactive compounds from microbial, algal and vegetable sources. In addition, the molecular approach for screening bioactive compounds is also discussed, as well as examples of applications of these compounds on human health. The first half of the book comprises information on diverse sources of bioactive compounds, ranging from microorganisms and algae to plants and dietary foods. The second half of the book reviews synthetic approaches, as well as selected bioactivities and biotechnological and biomedical potential. The bioactive compounds profiled include compounds such as C-phycocyanins, glycosides, phytosterols and natural steroids. An overview of the usage of bioactive compounds as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, anti-allergic compounds and in stem cell research is also presented, along with an overview of the medicinal applications of plant-derived compounds. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds will be an informative text for undergraduate and graduate students of bio-medicinal chemistry who are keen to explore the potential of bioactive natural products. It also provides useful information for scientists working in various research fields where natural products have a primary role.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118733495
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 742
Book Description
Bioactive compounds play a central role in high-value product development in the chemical industry. Bioactive compounds have been identified from diverse sources and their therapeutic benefits, nutritional value and protective effects in human and animal healthcare have underpinned their application as pharmaceuticals and functional food ingredients. The orderly study of biologically active products and the exploration of potential biological activities of these secondary metabolites, including their clinical applications, standardization, quality control, mode of action and potential biomolecular interactions, has emerged as one of the most exciting developments in modern natural medicine. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds describes the current stage of knowledge on the production of bioactive compounds from microbial, algal and vegetable sources. In addition, the molecular approach for screening bioactive compounds is also discussed, as well as examples of applications of these compounds on human health. The first half of the book comprises information on diverse sources of bioactive compounds, ranging from microorganisms and algae to plants and dietary foods. The second half of the book reviews synthetic approaches, as well as selected bioactivities and biotechnological and biomedical potential. The bioactive compounds profiled include compounds such as C-phycocyanins, glycosides, phytosterols and natural steroids. An overview of the usage of bioactive compounds as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, anti-allergic compounds and in stem cell research is also presented, along with an overview of the medicinal applications of plant-derived compounds. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds will be an informative text for undergraduate and graduate students of bio-medicinal chemistry who are keen to explore the potential of bioactive natural products. It also provides useful information for scientists working in various research fields where natural products have a primary role.
Bioactive Compounds from Marine Foods
Author: Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118412877
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 701
Book Description
Part of the IFT Press series, this book reviews the myriad published information on bioactive components derived from marine foods, enabling researchers and product developers to select appropriate functional ingredients for new products. Chapters cover foods and food ingredients from both animal and plant marine sources, focusing on those which demonstrate biological properties and whose constituent compounds have been isolated and identified as potentially active. This book further addresses the biological activities of PUFAs (Polyunsaturated fatty acids), oils, phospholipids, proteins and peptides, fibres, carbohydrates, chitosans, vitamins and minerals, fucoxantin, polyphenols, phytosterols, taurine, amongst others. These components, found in a variety of marine-derived foods, have been demonstrated to have preventative properties with regard to hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other human diseases. Extraction methods and analysis techniques are also addressed. Intended for food scientists, food technologists and food engineers in academia, industry and government, this book reviews the substantial quantity of current research in this fast-moving and commercially valuable sector of food and nutrition science.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118412877
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 701
Book Description
Part of the IFT Press series, this book reviews the myriad published information on bioactive components derived from marine foods, enabling researchers and product developers to select appropriate functional ingredients for new products. Chapters cover foods and food ingredients from both animal and plant marine sources, focusing on those which demonstrate biological properties and whose constituent compounds have been isolated and identified as potentially active. This book further addresses the biological activities of PUFAs (Polyunsaturated fatty acids), oils, phospholipids, proteins and peptides, fibres, carbohydrates, chitosans, vitamins and minerals, fucoxantin, polyphenols, phytosterols, taurine, amongst others. These components, found in a variety of marine-derived foods, have been demonstrated to have preventative properties with regard to hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and other human diseases. Extraction methods and analysis techniques are also addressed. Intended for food scientists, food technologists and food engineers in academia, industry and government, this book reviews the substantial quantity of current research in this fast-moving and commercially valuable sector of food and nutrition science.
Bioactive Compounds in Foods
Author: John Gilbert
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444302299
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
Inherent toxicants and processing contaminants are bothnon-essential, bioactive substances whose levels in foods can bedifficult to control. This volume covers both types of compound forthe first time, examining their beneficial as well as theirundesirable effects in the human diet. Chapters have been writtenas individually comprehensive reviews, and topics have beenselected to illustrate recent scientific advances in understandingof the occurrence and mechanism of formation, exposure/riskassessment and developments in the underpinning analyticalmethodology. A wide range of contaminants are examined in detail,including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, glucosinolates, phycotoxins, andmycotoxins. Several process contaminants (eg acrylamide and furan),which are relatively new but which have a rapidly growingliterature, are also covered. The book provides a practical reference for a wide range ofexperts: specialist toxicologists (chemists and food chemists),hygienists, government officials and anyone who needs to be awareof the main issues concerning toxicants and process contaminants infood. It will also be a valuable introduction to the subject forpost-graduate students.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444302299
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
Inherent toxicants and processing contaminants are bothnon-essential, bioactive substances whose levels in foods can bedifficult to control. This volume covers both types of compound forthe first time, examining their beneficial as well as theirundesirable effects in the human diet. Chapters have been writtenas individually comprehensive reviews, and topics have beenselected to illustrate recent scientific advances in understandingof the occurrence and mechanism of formation, exposure/riskassessment and developments in the underpinning analyticalmethodology. A wide range of contaminants are examined in detail,including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, glucosinolates, phycotoxins, andmycotoxins. Several process contaminants (eg acrylamide and furan),which are relatively new but which have a rapidly growingliterature, are also covered. The book provides a practical reference for a wide range ofexperts: specialist toxicologists (chemists and food chemists),hygienists, government officials and anyone who needs to be awareof the main issues concerning toxicants and process contaminants infood. It will also be a valuable introduction to the subject forpost-graduate students.
Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
Author: Herminia Dominguez
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128096152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Book Description
Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: From Plants to Drug Development draws together the expert knowledge of researchers from around the world to outline the essential knowledge and techniques required to successfully extract bioactive compounds for further study. The book is a practical tool for medicinal chemists, biochemists, pharmaceutical scientists and academics working in the discovery and development of drugs from natural sources. The discovery and extraction of bioactive plant compounds from natural sources is of growing interest to drug developers, adding greater fuel to a simultaneous search for efficient, green technologies to support this. Particularly promising are aqueous based methods, as water is a cheap, safe and abundant solvent. Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: From Plants to Drug Development is a detailed guide to the fundamental concepts and considerations needed to successfully undertake such processes, supported by application examples and highlighting the most influential variables. Beginning with an introduction to plants as sources of drugs, the book highlights the need for a move towards both more rational and greener techniques in the field, and presents multiple innovative water-based strategies for the discovery and extraction of bioactive constituents of botanicals. A broad range of available techniques are reviewed, including conventional and pressurized hot water extraction techniques, intensified processes such as microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted processes, and enzyme assisted extraction, and processes using combined techniques. - Covers the theoretical background and range of techniques available to researchers, helping them to select the most appropriate extraction method for their needs - Presents up-to-date and cutting edge applications by international experts - Highlights current use and future potential for industrial scale applications - Offers a thorough introduction to plants as sources of drugs, highlighting strategies for the discovery of novel bioactive constituents of botanicals
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128096152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Book Description
Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: From Plants to Drug Development draws together the expert knowledge of researchers from around the world to outline the essential knowledge and techniques required to successfully extract bioactive compounds for further study. The book is a practical tool for medicinal chemists, biochemists, pharmaceutical scientists and academics working in the discovery and development of drugs from natural sources. The discovery and extraction of bioactive plant compounds from natural sources is of growing interest to drug developers, adding greater fuel to a simultaneous search for efficient, green technologies to support this. Particularly promising are aqueous based methods, as water is a cheap, safe and abundant solvent. Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: From Plants to Drug Development is a detailed guide to the fundamental concepts and considerations needed to successfully undertake such processes, supported by application examples and highlighting the most influential variables. Beginning with an introduction to plants as sources of drugs, the book highlights the need for a move towards both more rational and greener techniques in the field, and presents multiple innovative water-based strategies for the discovery and extraction of bioactive constituents of botanicals. A broad range of available techniques are reviewed, including conventional and pressurized hot water extraction techniques, intensified processes such as microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted processes, and enzyme assisted extraction, and processes using combined techniques. - Covers the theoretical background and range of techniques available to researchers, helping them to select the most appropriate extraction method for their needs - Presents up-to-date and cutting edge applications by international experts - Highlights current use and future potential for industrial scale applications - Offers a thorough introduction to plants as sources of drugs, highlighting strategies for the discovery of novel bioactive constituents of botanicals
Bioactive Compounds
Author: Maira Rubi Segura Campos
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 012814775X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
Book Description
Bioactive Compounds: Health Benefits and Potential Applications provides information about different bioactive compounds including their sources, biological effects, health benefits and, potential applications which could contribute as alternatives in the prevention or treatment of multifactorial diseases for vulnerable population groups. Going beyond the basics to include discussion of bioaccessibility and the legislative aspects of marketing of bioactive compounds as nutraceuticals or food supplements, this book presents insights from a global perspective. Written for researchers, professors and graduate students, this book is sure to be a welcomed reference for all who work in food chemistry, new product development and nutritional science. - Highlights potential contributions of bioactive compounds as alternatives in the prevention or treatment of disease - Investigates the world of bioactive compounds and the many activities associated with them - Contains information relevant to food chemistry, new product development and nutritional science
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 012814775X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
Book Description
Bioactive Compounds: Health Benefits and Potential Applications provides information about different bioactive compounds including their sources, biological effects, health benefits and, potential applications which could contribute as alternatives in the prevention or treatment of multifactorial diseases for vulnerable population groups. Going beyond the basics to include discussion of bioaccessibility and the legislative aspects of marketing of bioactive compounds as nutraceuticals or food supplements, this book presents insights from a global perspective. Written for researchers, professors and graduate students, this book is sure to be a welcomed reference for all who work in food chemistry, new product development and nutritional science. - Highlights potential contributions of bioactive compounds as alternatives in the prevention or treatment of disease - Investigates the world of bioactive compounds and the many activities associated with them - Contains information relevant to food chemistry, new product development and nutritional science
Bioactive Food Components Activity in Mechanistic Approach
Author: Cinthia Bau Betim Cazarin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128235691
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Bioactive Food Components Activity in Mechanistic Approach presents the role of functional foods and bioactive compounds in inflammation. This book focuses on bioactive compounds, including phenolics, prebiotics, carotenoids, tocopherols, bioactive peptides, probiotics, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and describes their actions in several diseases, mainly obesity and co-morbidities, inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive decline and cancer, and aging. Intended for food, nutrition, and nutraceutical researchers, as well as those studying related fields, the book offers a mechanistic approach that is currently lacking in the market. Explores the mechanistic approach of functional foods in health and disease Contains definitions, case studies, applications, literature reviews, recent developments and text boxes Provides coverage of phenolic compounds, prebiotics and probiotics, carotenoids, tocopherols, bioactive peptides, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and sulfur compounds
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128235691
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Bioactive Food Components Activity in Mechanistic Approach presents the role of functional foods and bioactive compounds in inflammation. This book focuses on bioactive compounds, including phenolics, prebiotics, carotenoids, tocopherols, bioactive peptides, probiotics, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and describes their actions in several diseases, mainly obesity and co-morbidities, inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive decline and cancer, and aging. Intended for food, nutrition, and nutraceutical researchers, as well as those studying related fields, the book offers a mechanistic approach that is currently lacking in the market. Explores the mechanistic approach of functional foods in health and disease Contains definitions, case studies, applications, literature reviews, recent developments and text boxes Provides coverage of phenolic compounds, prebiotics and probiotics, carotenoids, tocopherols, bioactive peptides, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and sulfur compounds
Bioactive Components
Author: Monika Thakur
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811923663
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 609
Book Description
This book compiles updated information about the role and health benefits of various bioactives in food. Different chapters are contributed by academicians, food scientists, technologists, and medical practitioners. The book addresses both theoretical and applied aspects of bioactive components and provides exhaustive knowledge about bioactive components. It comprises 27 chapters organized into 4 major sections covering topics in food science and technology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. It provides perspectives for innovation, sources, applications, and sustainability in bioactive component research. The first section starts with introduction of bioactive components consisting of seven different chapters primarily focusing on the bioactive components and their sources with respective health benefits. The second section, comprising five different chapters, deals with different technological trends, regulations, and safety aspects of bioactive components. With eight chapters, the third section covers the role of bioactive components in human health and the role of functional foods in combating various health-related issues. The fourth section reviews functional foods through six chapters that cover the use of bioactive components in various food products. The book will prove useful to advanced food technology graduate and undergraduate students and research scholars, practicing food technologists in food and related industries, entrepreneurs, food-pharma researchers, and other scientists seeking information about smart and sustainable processes as well as information needed to design and develop these processes.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811923663
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 609
Book Description
This book compiles updated information about the role and health benefits of various bioactives in food. Different chapters are contributed by academicians, food scientists, technologists, and medical practitioners. The book addresses both theoretical and applied aspects of bioactive components and provides exhaustive knowledge about bioactive components. It comprises 27 chapters organized into 4 major sections covering topics in food science and technology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. It provides perspectives for innovation, sources, applications, and sustainability in bioactive component research. The first section starts with introduction of bioactive components consisting of seven different chapters primarily focusing on the bioactive components and their sources with respective health benefits. The second section, comprising five different chapters, deals with different technological trends, regulations, and safety aspects of bioactive components. With eight chapters, the third section covers the role of bioactive components in human health and the role of functional foods in combating various health-related issues. The fourth section reviews functional foods through six chapters that cover the use of bioactive components in various food products. The book will prove useful to advanced food technology graduate and undergraduate students and research scholars, practicing food technologists in food and related industries, entrepreneurs, food-pharma researchers, and other scientists seeking information about smart and sustainable processes as well as information needed to design and develop these processes.
Bioactive Egg Compounds
Author: Rainer Huopalahti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540378855
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
Book Description
Bioactive Egg Compounds presents the latest results and concepts in the biotechnological use of egg compounds. Following an introduction to the different compounds of egg white, yolk and shell, the nutritive value of egg compounds is discussed. The text describes procedures for processing egg compounds to improve their nutritive value, including so-called enriched eggs. Also described is the isolation and application of egg compounds with special properties, such as antibiotic action.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540378855
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
Book Description
Bioactive Egg Compounds presents the latest results and concepts in the biotechnological use of egg compounds. Following an introduction to the different compounds of egg white, yolk and shell, the nutritive value of egg compounds is discussed. The text describes procedures for processing egg compounds to improve their nutritive value, including so-called enriched eggs. Also described is the isolation and application of egg compounds with special properties, such as antibiotic action.
Bioactive Components of Milk
Author: Zsuzsanna Bosze
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387740872
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Book Description
Dairy foods have huge potential concerning functional foods. Therefore, there is a tremendous amount of interest in value-added milk products and the identification of components in food which have health benefits. This book provides an overview of these derived components and their diverse activities including: the stimulation of beneficial microflora, alerting the immune system to the presence of potential pathogens and allergens, binding and eliminating toxins, etc.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387740872
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492
Book Description
Dairy foods have huge potential concerning functional foods. Therefore, there is a tremendous amount of interest in value-added milk products and the identification of components in food which have health benefits. This book provides an overview of these derived components and their diverse activities including: the stimulation of beneficial microflora, alerting the immune system to the presence of potential pathogens and allergens, binding and eliminating toxins, etc.