Barriers to Entry and Growth of New Firms in Early Transition PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Barriers to Entry and Growth of New Firms in Early Transition PDF full book. Access full book title Barriers to Entry and Growth of New Firms in Early Transition by Iraj Hoshi. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Iraj Hoshi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441992340
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Get Book Here
Book Description
inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises especially from the over-grown industrial sector. These initial conditions meant that, in the early stages of transition, the volume of entries and exits will be, by necessity, very high reflecting the large scale changes that had to take place before these economies attain a macroeconomic structure consistent with their level of development and with the needs of a market-based economy open to internationalcompetition. One of the main elements of the reform programme in all economies in transition was the liberalisation of entry conditions. Along with the liberalisation of prices and foreign trade, appropriate measures facilitating the establishment of new enterprises were approved in the very early phase of reforms in all of these countries. The effectiveness of liberalised entry conditions, of course, depends on the presence of appropriate legal and institutional framework in which new firms will operate. The establishment of a conducive legal and institutional environment, however, takes much longer. In practice, new firms come into existence before the rules of the game are properly established. These rules develop gradually and are not always, and everywhere, consistent with the aim of liberalising the entry conditions. The conditions facing new firms, therefore, have fluctuated in some countries in accordance with changes in the political environment and in line with the strength of different lobbies and interest groups.
Author: Iraj Hoshi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441992340
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Get Book Here
Book Description
inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises especially from the over-grown industrial sector. These initial conditions meant that, in the early stages of transition, the volume of entries and exits will be, by necessity, very high reflecting the large scale changes that had to take place before these economies attain a macroeconomic structure consistent with their level of development and with the needs of a market-based economy open to internationalcompetition. One of the main elements of the reform programme in all economies in transition was the liberalisation of entry conditions. Along with the liberalisation of prices and foreign trade, appropriate measures facilitating the establishment of new enterprises were approved in the very early phase of reforms in all of these countries. The effectiveness of liberalised entry conditions, of course, depends on the presence of appropriate legal and institutional framework in which new firms will operate. The establishment of a conducive legal and institutional environment, however, takes much longer. In practice, new firms come into existence before the rules of the game are properly established. These rules develop gradually and are not always, and everywhere, consistent with the aim of liberalising the entry conditions. The conditions facing new firms, therefore, have fluctuated in some countries in accordance with changes in the political environment and in line with the strength of different lobbies and interest groups.
Author: Andrea Ciani
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815585
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 187
Get Book Here
Book Description
Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries.Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top” of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants.This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Author: Ewa Balcerowicz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Free 'Entry' and free 'Exit' are fundamental mechanisms of the competitive market economy operation. Free entry ensures that potential entrepreneurs will take advantage of profitable opportunities and enter profitable segments of the market, increasing competitive pressure on the incumbent firms, lowering output prices and improving the overall allocation of resources. Both free entry and free exit guarantee that more efficient firms and those producing in accordance with the market demand, survive and prosper while inefficient units and those whose production is not geared to the market will contract and eventually embark on exit. Barriers to entry and exit influence the development of competitive conditions in established market economies, however, for economies in transition the freedom of entry and exit has an even more significant dimension. The reason for that are particular 'initial conditions' which the economies inherited from their communist past: massive distortions of the economic structure, highly monopolistic and oligopolistic markets, and a large average firm size. With a collapse of the old regime, transformation of the old economic structure had to take place through the entry of new, market-oriented firms particularly in the undeveloped sectors of the economy and the exit of inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises especially from the over-grown industrial sector. This report presents some outputs of the research project 'The Impact of Barriers to Entry on the Speed of Transition: A Comparative Study of Countries in Different Stages of Transition' (PHARE ACE project No. P95-2047-R), coordinated by Leszek Balcerowicz and done by an international team which included: Ewa Balcerowicz (Poland), Andrzej Bratkowski, (Poland); Irena Grosfeld (France); Iraj Hashi (U.K); Jan Mladek (the Czech Republic); Gediminas Rainys (Lithuania); Jacek Rostowski (Hungary); Miklos Szanyi (Hungary); and Lindita Xhillari (Albania). The main aim of the project was to investigate nature and impact of barriers to entry in five countries at different stages of transition with various development backgrounds and traditions. The study has been based on the experience of new firms in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Albania - the first three having reached an advanced stage of transition and the latter two having embarked on the transition process later, thus lagging behind the front-runners. The study has focussed on the legal, fiscal and institutional factors which impede new entries and slow down the expansion of new firms in each country. The report consists of two parts. In Part I, Chapter 2 we discuss the interaction between the government's regulatory activity and the entry of new firms into the formal or informal sectors of the economy. Here we highlight the necessity of this important function of the government as well as its undesirable implications such as rent seeking and corruption. In Chapter 3 we consider a framework for the analysis of barriers to entry and growth of new firms, highlighting the main constraints to entry and growth considered by this report. Chapter 4 is devoted to the review of an actual pattern of new firms' entry in the early transition period in the five countries under consideration. Part II reports on the results of our enterprise survey; it is a detailed study of 400 firms in five transition economies. Here we first discuss (Chapter 5) the composition of the sample on which the study is based and then (Chapters 6,7,8,9 and 10) summarize main findings of the study in terms of the relative importance of different barriers facing new firms in each country. Chapter 11 discusses the main policy recommendations of this study.
Author: Wadim Strielkowski
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 8087404173
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 131
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book provides an overview of the situation of rural food-processing micro-enterprsies in Polish transition. The results presented in this book cover the period between the fall of Communist regime in Poland and the Polish accession to EU in May 2004. The book's focus and scope are quite unique since as opposed to relatively large literature dealing with micro-enterprises in developing countries it concentrates on rural micro-enterprises in post-transitional Eastern Europe. The book fills the gap in the prevailing micro-enterprises literature dealing predominantly either with first world or third world.
Author: Sónia Félix
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513521519
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 57
Get Book Here
Book Description
This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.
Author: Rick Delbridge
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134672594
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Get Book Here
Book Description
The future of British manufacturing is of immense importance and topicality. As we slide towards a service sector economy based on finance and tourism, it is worth reflecting on whether this is the most appropriate or inevitable scenario. Manufacturing in Transition makes a genuinely interdisciplinary contribution to the debate over the UK's strategy for industrial renewal. Aimed primarily at business, economics and industrial relations students, it looks at the current state of British manufacturing sector within the global economy and asks whether manufacturing matters in the twenty first century. The books explores key issues such as: the chances of renewal * developments in the management and organisation of operations and supply chains * the differences made by Japanese methods This is a timely assessment of the UK's industrial development and makes a major contribution to debates over the industrial strategy and the position of manufacturing within industrialized economies.
Author: T.S. Chan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137488875
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Get Book Here
Book Description
Asian Businesses in a Turbulent Environment explores how Asian firms cope with challenges such as globalization, regional conflict, pressure for greater democracy and environmental protection, and the impact that rising above these challenges will have in their growth prospects.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Get Book Here
Book Description
Doing Business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. It provides quantitative indicators covering 12 areas of the business environment in 190 economies. The goal of the Doing Business series is to provide objective data for use by governments in designing sound business regulatory policies and to encourage research on the important dimensions of the regulatory environment for firms.
Author: William Bartlett
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134650973
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 278
Get Book Here
Book Description
The breaking up of Yugoslavia hasn't been an efficient clean process to say the least. This book presents a sober comparative analysis of the economic development of the newly formed states since the break up.
Author: Josh Lerner
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226473104
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 366
Get Book Here
Book Description
Often considered one of the major forces behind economic growth and development, the entrepreneurial firm can accelerate the speed of innovation and dissemination of new technologies, thus increasing a country's competitive edge in the global market. As a result, cultivating a strong culture of entrepreneurial thinking has become a primary goal throughout the world. Surprisingly, there has been little systematic research or comparative analysis to show how the growth of entrepreneurship differs among countries in various stages of development. International Differences in Entrepreneurship fills this void by explaining how a country's institutional differences, cultural considerations, and personal characteristics can affect the role that entrepreneurs play in its economy. Developing an understanding of the origins of entrepreneurs as well as the choices they make and the complexity of their activities across countries and industries are of central importance to this volume. In addition, contributors consider how environmental factors of individual economies, such as market regulation, government subsidies for banks, and support for entrepreneurial culture affect the industry and the impact that entrepreneurs have on growth in developing nations.
