Author: Barbara Kosmowska-Ceranowicz
Publisher: Archeobooks
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Author: Peter M. Barczak
Publisher: Piotr Barczak
ISBN: 8395943709
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Succinite comes from tree resins from trees that grew all over the area from what is now Finland, Sweden to Siberian and the Black Sea regions. Amber-bearing forests grew around 40-45 million years ago in the Eocene, although this type of data is approximate. It is assumed that their formation in this part of Europe lasted from 22 million years to even 50 million years. Amber extracts which contain chemicals obtained from amber can stimulate the functioning of neurons damaged in a number of dementia-related diseases. Chemically, amber is a mixture of organic (terpenes and their derivatives, resin acids) and inorganic compounds. Geological changes caused that there are also constituents of mixed nature (esters of organic acids with terpene alcohols), formate, acetate, bornyl and dibornyl succinate, fenchyl and difenchyl succinate, and bornyl and phenchyl succinate. Succinic acid is a widely used metabolite in the pharmaceutical (production of vitamins, amino acids, anti-cancer drugs) and food industry. It is one of the main compounds involved in the Krebs cycle. Succinic acid supports mental and physical activity; restores vitality, increases the body’s protection. That compound is often used during alcohol poisoning and reduces the craving for alcohol. In the case of impaired cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in the brain ventricles, amber enhances the directed flow of the cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles of the brain. The problem of dementia and Alzheimer's is increasing with the aging of the population, and in 2025 the number of people aged 80-90 may double. Already today in Europe there are about 7-8 million people with this disorder, and in the USA about 4-5 million chronically suffer from it. The elements of the human nervous system are also mitochondria – components of nerve cells. There is a concept that mitochondria descended from a common ancestor – an α-proteobacteria, which arose about 2 billion years ago, as a result of which the anaerobic cell symbiotically absorbed the proteobacteria that required oxygen. Thanks to this, cells together could produce more energy in the human body. The role of succinate in blood pressure regulation is known and has been documented in vitro and in vivo. It has been suggested that succinates are compounds that inform the body about cellular stress. Succinate has a positive effect on the work of neurons and astrocytes (they are a component of the nervous tissue), and accelerates their regeneration. The brain has self-repair capacity.The administration of p-cymene caused a significant (more than 50%) decrease in the lipid content in the mouse brain. There was also a decrease in the content of nitrites. Remember that the oxidative stress of nerve cells contributes to the deposition of lipids (tau protein), which is one of the causes of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications. One of the plants that contain large amounts of borneol is lemon balm. It is used in Alzheimer’s disease, understood as a defect of neurotransmitters. The deficit resulting from the poor functioning of neurotransmitters was found to be the cause of short-term memory loss in patients. Folk medicine, especially Chinese, widely uses borneol to relieve anxiety and symptoms of nervous disorders such as insomnia, anxiety, and fatigue. It is also used as a food additive. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, borneol is present in 63 plant products. They restored the functions of mitochondria in states of cerebral ischemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the components in the brain’s ischemic cascade. Succinates can support damaged mitochondria. . It is believed that amber has an immunostimulative activity.

Author: Peter M. Barczak
Publisher: Piotr Barczak
ISBN: 8395943776
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Baltic amber fascinates thousands of tourists who come to the Baltic Sea. Small children and their parents are eager to bury the sand while looking for precious resin. It is not easy to find, and every large piece of amber found in the “cucumber season” makes headlines. Another category of amber hunters are professionals. These are people who make a living from extracting amber of jewelry value, because each piece of fossilized resin has quite a lot of value. This group is quite hermetic, and the places and methods of extraction remain in the sphere of understatement and are shrouded in a certain mystery. The aforementioned group is particularly interested in the uniqueness of Baltic amber, created by “ancient” rivers, that was already traded by Persians, Vikings and Mycenaeans. From this group, wonderful jewelry products are created. In this book, however, I deal with another aspect of Baltic amber. The initial idea was to analyze the knowledge of this fossilized resin in various aspects. The difficulty in getting to know amber is related to the multidimensionality of the issue. The problem is that science likes to specialize to be precise. This, however, limits knowledge of the issue of amber. If we deal with the question of the formation of the resin, we touch upon issues in the field of geology. This field is enough to fill many years of research and work of a scientist. You can look back a hundred thousand years ago, or into the past millions of years or tens of millions of years, which means that we delve into such vast knowledge that the life of one person may be too short to study the issue well.Then, what do we find in amber? Insects. Thousands of insects. Every geological epoch, each geological era means different families and different species of preserved insects, all of which are to be obtained, dissected, and described in scientific articles. Again, work for a lifetime, infinitely long, because we reach millions of years into the past, and not even in one specific place on the planet – we need to look through the entire planet, because it has been changing over millions of years. What about the plants? After all, they created succinite at different stages of development. What were they like? Are those plants we know today the same ones that existed millions of years ago? Further, some species have become extinct, some have evolved, some grow today in China and others in New Zealand or New Caledonia. Then there is chemistry, the compounds found in amber… Terpenes have already been counted; 40,000. And they can be found in amber. Maybe not in that number, but – since amber was found in peat, brown coal, surrounded by minerals, sediments, and rocks – it could have absorbed the catalog of chemical compounds occurring in the world of plants, trees and shrubs, and also essential oils.

Author: Audron? Bliujien?
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004211187
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 467

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Thi study presents a systematic analysis of the huge, and in most cases, completely new archaeological evidence for amber from Lithuania and the surrounding regions. A comprehensive synthesis of archaeological evidence and written sources provides an opportunity to develop new viewpoints about the sources of amber, extraction methods and amber-wearing.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paleontology
Languages : en
Pages : 468

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mineralogy
Languages : en
Pages : 452

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archaeology
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archaeology
Languages : pl
Pages : 212

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archaeology
Languages : pl
Pages : 280

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