Author: Mervyn J. King
Publisher: Harriman House Limited
ISBN: 1906659362
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 342
Book Description
Fully revised and updated third edition, formerly called 'Back Office and Beyond'.
Back Office and Beyond
Author: Mervyn J. King
Publisher: Harriman House Limited
ISBN: 9781897597248
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
The 1st edition of Back Office and Beyond became the benchmark source and reference for 'best practice' in back office procedures. Better attention to back office procedures would have prevented disasters at Barings, Sumitomo, and other causes celebres - not to mention the latest debacle at Allfirst in the USA.This ground breaking book is an essential read for anyone wanting his/her organisation to thrive and survive, containing particularly practical guidance and advice and now extends its cover to the implications of CAD II. There is a compelling requirement for aspects of risk to be situated in the Back/Middle Office areas. Indeed, they should be involved at first base: for if data is not captured accurately, there is little chance of the institution's risk profile being accurate. With so many banks offering similar products and pricing, accurate and speedy settlements have become a competition issue not to be ignored. As an additional reason for purchase, this edition now offers a guide to Equities' settlement also.
Publisher: Harriman House Limited
ISBN: 9781897597248
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
The 1st edition of Back Office and Beyond became the benchmark source and reference for 'best practice' in back office procedures. Better attention to back office procedures would have prevented disasters at Barings, Sumitomo, and other causes celebres - not to mention the latest debacle at Allfirst in the USA.This ground breaking book is an essential read for anyone wanting his/her organisation to thrive and survive, containing particularly practical guidance and advice and now extends its cover to the implications of CAD II. There is a compelling requirement for aspects of risk to be situated in the Back/Middle Office areas. Indeed, they should be involved at first base: for if data is not captured accurately, there is little chance of the institution's risk profile being accurate. With so many banks offering similar products and pricing, accurate and speedy settlements have become a competition issue not to be ignored. As an additional reason for purchase, this edition now offers a guide to Equities' settlement also.
Modeling, Measuring and Hedging Operational Risk
Author: Marcelo G. Cruz
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Worldwide banks are keen to find ways of effectively measuring and managing operational risk , yet many find themselves poorly equipped to do this. Operational risk includes concerns about such issues as transaction processing errors, liability situations, and back-office failure. Measuring and Modelling Operational Risk focuses on the measuring and modelling techniques banks and investment companies need to quantify operational risk and provides practical, sensible solutions for doing so. * Author is one of the leading experts in the field of operational risk. * Interest in the field is growing rapidly and this is the only book that focuses on the quantitative measuring and modelling of operational risk. * Includes case vignettes and real-world examples based on the author's extensive experience.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Worldwide banks are keen to find ways of effectively measuring and managing operational risk , yet many find themselves poorly equipped to do this. Operational risk includes concerns about such issues as transaction processing errors, liability situations, and back-office failure. Measuring and Modelling Operational Risk focuses on the measuring and modelling techniques banks and investment companies need to quantify operational risk and provides practical, sensible solutions for doing so. * Author is one of the leading experts in the field of operational risk. * Interest in the field is growing rapidly and this is the only book that focuses on the quantitative measuring and modelling of operational risk. * Includes case vignettes and real-world examples based on the author's extensive experience.
Operational Risk Management
Author: Philippa X. Girling
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118532457
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
A best practices guide to all of the elements of an effective operational risk framework While many organizations know how important operational risks are, they still continue to struggle with the best ways to identify and manage them. Organizations of all sizes and in all industries need best practices for identifying and managing key operational risks, if they intend on exceling in today's dynamic environment. Operational Risk Management fills this need by providing both the new and experienced operational risk professional with all of the tools and best practices needed to implement a successful operational risk framework. It also provides real-life examples of successful methods and tools you can use while facing the cultural challenges that are prevalent in this field. Contains informative post-mortems on some of the most notorious operational risk events of our time Explores the future of operational risk in the current regulatory environment Written by a recognized global expert on operational risk An effective operational risk framework is essential for today's organizations. This book will put you in a better position to develop one and use it to identify, assess, control, and mitigate any potential risks of this nature.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118532457
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Book Description
A best practices guide to all of the elements of an effective operational risk framework While many organizations know how important operational risks are, they still continue to struggle with the best ways to identify and manage them. Organizations of all sizes and in all industries need best practices for identifying and managing key operational risks, if they intend on exceling in today's dynamic environment. Operational Risk Management fills this need by providing both the new and experienced operational risk professional with all of the tools and best practices needed to implement a successful operational risk framework. It also provides real-life examples of successful methods and tools you can use while facing the cultural challenges that are prevalent in this field. Contains informative post-mortems on some of the most notorious operational risk events of our time Explores the future of operational risk in the current regulatory environment Written by a recognized global expert on operational risk An effective operational risk framework is essential for today's organizations. This book will put you in a better position to develop one and use it to identify, assess, control, and mitigate any potential risks of this nature.
Operational Risk Management
Author: Hong Kong Institute of Bankers (HKIB)
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470827688
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
A practical guide to identifying, analyzing and tackling operational risk in banks and financial institutions Created for banking and finance professionals with a desire to expand their management skill set, this book focuses on operational risk and operational risk events, as distinct from other types of functional risks. It was written by the experts at the world-renowned Hong Kong Institute of Bankers, an organization dedicated to providing the international banking community with education and training. Schools you in techniques for analyzing the operational risk exposure of banking institutions and assessing how operational risk impacts on other types of risk Provides expert guidance on how to design, plan and implement systems for operational risk management and quality control Describes a comprehensive approach to operational risk management that includes data collection, modeling and an overall risk management structure Shows you how to develop operational risk management solutions to help your company minimize losses without negatively impacting its ability to generate gains Offers expert guidance on various regulatory frameworks and how the latest Basel II and Basel III requirements impact a bank's operational risk management strategy and framework
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470827688
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
A practical guide to identifying, analyzing and tackling operational risk in banks and financial institutions Created for banking and finance professionals with a desire to expand their management skill set, this book focuses on operational risk and operational risk events, as distinct from other types of functional risks. It was written by the experts at the world-renowned Hong Kong Institute of Bankers, an organization dedicated to providing the international banking community with education and training. Schools you in techniques for analyzing the operational risk exposure of banking institutions and assessing how operational risk impacts on other types of risk Provides expert guidance on how to design, plan and implement systems for operational risk management and quality control Describes a comprehensive approach to operational risk management that includes data collection, modeling and an overall risk management structure Shows you how to develop operational risk management solutions to help your company minimize losses without negatively impacting its ability to generate gains Offers expert guidance on various regulatory frameworks and how the latest Basel II and Basel III requirements impact a bank's operational risk management strategy and framework
Operational Risk Management
Author: Ariane Chapelle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119549043
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
OpRisk Awards 2020 Book of the Year Winner! The Authoritative Guide to the Best Practices in Operational Risk Management Operational Risk Management offers a comprehensive guide that contains a review of the most up-to-date and effective operational risk management practices in the financial services industry. The book provides an essential overview of the current methods and best practices applied in financial companies and also contains advanced tools and techniques developed by the most mature firms in the field. The author explores the range of operational risks such as information security, fraud or reputation damage and details how to put in place an effective program based on the four main risk management activities: risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation and risk monitoring. The book also examines some specific types of operational risks that rank high on many firms' risk registers. Drawing on the author's extensive experience working with and advising financial companies, Operational Risk Management is written both for those new to the discipline and for experienced operational risk managers who want to strengthen and consolidate their knowledge.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119549043
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Book Description
OpRisk Awards 2020 Book of the Year Winner! The Authoritative Guide to the Best Practices in Operational Risk Management Operational Risk Management offers a comprehensive guide that contains a review of the most up-to-date and effective operational risk management practices in the financial services industry. The book provides an essential overview of the current methods and best practices applied in financial companies and also contains advanced tools and techniques developed by the most mature firms in the field. The author explores the range of operational risks such as information security, fraud or reputation damage and details how to put in place an effective program based on the four main risk management activities: risk identification, risk assessment, risk mitigation and risk monitoring. The book also examines some specific types of operational risks that rank high on many firms' risk registers. Drawing on the author's extensive experience working with and advising financial companies, Operational Risk Management is written both for those new to the discipline and for experienced operational risk managers who want to strengthen and consolidate their knowledge.
Operational Risk Management
Author: Philippa X. Girling
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119836050
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 393
Book Description
Identify, assess, and mitigate operational risk with this practical and authoritative guide In the newly revised second edition of Operational Risk Management: A Complete Guide for Banking and Fintech, accomplished risk executive and expert Philippa Girling delivers an insightful and practical exploration of operational risk in organizations of all sizes. She offers risk professionals and executives the tools, strategies, and best practices they need to mitigate and overcome ever-present operational risk challenges that impact business in all industries. This latest edition includes: Insight into how operational risk can be effectively managed and measured in today's digital banking age. Updates on the latest regulatory guidance on operational risk management requirements in all aspects of the operational risk framework. Updates on the new Basel II capital modeling methodology for operational risk. New explorations of operational risk events in recent years including the impact of the global Covid-19 pandemic. Updated case studies including large events at Wells Fargo, Credit Suisse and Archegos Capital Management. Ideal for executives, managers, and business leaders, Operational Risk Management is also the perfect resource for risk and compliance professionals who wish to refine their abilities to identify, assess, mitigate, and control operational risk.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119836050
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 393
Book Description
Identify, assess, and mitigate operational risk with this practical and authoritative guide In the newly revised second edition of Operational Risk Management: A Complete Guide for Banking and Fintech, accomplished risk executive and expert Philippa Girling delivers an insightful and practical exploration of operational risk in organizations of all sizes. She offers risk professionals and executives the tools, strategies, and best practices they need to mitigate and overcome ever-present operational risk challenges that impact business in all industries. This latest edition includes: Insight into how operational risk can be effectively managed and measured in today's digital banking age. Updates on the latest regulatory guidance on operational risk management requirements in all aspects of the operational risk framework. Updates on the new Basel II capital modeling methodology for operational risk. New explorations of operational risk events in recent years including the impact of the global Covid-19 pandemic. Updated case studies including large events at Wells Fargo, Credit Suisse and Archegos Capital Management. Ideal for executives, managers, and business leaders, Operational Risk Management is also the perfect resource for risk and compliance professionals who wish to refine their abilities to identify, assess, mitigate, and control operational risk.
Ten Laws of Operational Risk
Author: Michael Grimwade
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119841356
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 423
Book Description
TEN LAWS OF OPERATIONAL RISK Unlike credit and market risk, operational risk currently lacks an overarching theory to explain how and why losses occur. As a result, operational risk managers have been forced to use unsatisfactory tools and processes that fail to add sufficient commercial value. In Ten Laws of Operational Risk: Understanding its Behaviours to Improve its Management, Michael Grimwade delivers an insightful discussion of the nature of operational risk and a groundbreaking redesign of the profession???s existing tools. The author???s Ten Laws are grounded on the business profiles of firms and the human and institutional behaviours that drive operational risk. They are underpinned by taxonomies for the causes; the inadequacies or failures that constitute both control failures and events; and the impacts of operational risks. Drawing on twenty-five years of first-hand experience and research, this book explains the patterns and trends that are apparent in the historical data and offers solutions to the persistent problems inherent in risk appetite, RCSAs, scenario analysis, reputational risk, stress testing, capital modeling, and insurance. It also provides fresh insights into the everyday activities of risk managers with respect to predictive key risk and control indicators, root cause analysis, why controls fail, the risks posed by change, and product risk profiles. Ten Laws of Operational Risk presents a structured and evidence-based approach to identifying emerging risks and predicting future behaviours related to pandemics, climate change, cybercrime, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. It includes revealing industry data, in-depth case studies, and real-world examples that shed light on recurring and obstinate problems in operational risk management. A must-read resource for Chief Risk Officers and other risk professionals, as well as regulators, management consultants, and students and scholars of operational risk, Ten Laws of Operational Risk provides an invaluable new, systematic, and rigorous approach to operational risk management. PRAISE FOR TEN LAWS OF OPERATIONAL RISK ???Operational Risk can no longer be described as a new concept, but as a discipline few attempts have been made to really understand its behaviour. In his book Michael does this very successfully, blending extensive practical experience with analytical thought leadership to propose a set of laws that explain why and how Operational Risks arise, and what can be done to manage them. Assertions are evidence based, with numerous real examples used to underpin his hypotheses. This is a valuable addition to Operational Risk thinking and is recommended for experienced professionals and novices alike.??? ??? Dr Luke Carrivick, Director of Research & Information, ORX ???Michael has established himself as one of Operational Risk???s foremost thinkers. His ability to use historical data to analyse events is unrivalled. In this must-read book, he identifies ten fundamental laws that provide every Operational Risk practitioner with a clear set of rules they can use to understand current events and predict their impacts.??? ??? Andrew Sheen, former Head of the FSA???s Operational Risk Review team ???Michael is one of the most prominent thinkers in Operational Risk. He combines a long career in Operational Risk management and measurement with a deep, long-standing reflection on the fundamental causes, dynamics and patterns in the manifestation of Operational Risk events. He produces, with this book, a remarkable synthesis of his insightful and innovative work.??? ??? Dr Ariane Chapelle, Honorary Reader, University College London; Managing Partner, Chapelle Consulting ???Michael is a highly respected expert in the field of Operational Risk, who has developed some ground-breaking frameworks for analysing this risk and guiding better risk management decisions. As a working practitioner in the field he brings many insights that will appeal to other practitioners as well as regulators, students and scholars.??? ??? Professor Elizabeth Sheedy, Macquarie Business School ???Michael???s views and analysis challenge the traditional Basel II views of Operational Risk and are genuinely thought-provoking. His book on the Ten Laws of Operational Risk will give financial services clarity and a practical view, where it has been previously lacking, on how best to manage such risks.??? ??? Tin Lau, Group Head of Financial and Strategic Risk, TP ICAP
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119841356
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 423
Book Description
TEN LAWS OF OPERATIONAL RISK Unlike credit and market risk, operational risk currently lacks an overarching theory to explain how and why losses occur. As a result, operational risk managers have been forced to use unsatisfactory tools and processes that fail to add sufficient commercial value. In Ten Laws of Operational Risk: Understanding its Behaviours to Improve its Management, Michael Grimwade delivers an insightful discussion of the nature of operational risk and a groundbreaking redesign of the profession???s existing tools. The author???s Ten Laws are grounded on the business profiles of firms and the human and institutional behaviours that drive operational risk. They are underpinned by taxonomies for the causes; the inadequacies or failures that constitute both control failures and events; and the impacts of operational risks. Drawing on twenty-five years of first-hand experience and research, this book explains the patterns and trends that are apparent in the historical data and offers solutions to the persistent problems inherent in risk appetite, RCSAs, scenario analysis, reputational risk, stress testing, capital modeling, and insurance. It also provides fresh insights into the everyday activities of risk managers with respect to predictive key risk and control indicators, root cause analysis, why controls fail, the risks posed by change, and product risk profiles. Ten Laws of Operational Risk presents a structured and evidence-based approach to identifying emerging risks and predicting future behaviours related to pandemics, climate change, cybercrime, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. It includes revealing industry data, in-depth case studies, and real-world examples that shed light on recurring and obstinate problems in operational risk management. A must-read resource for Chief Risk Officers and other risk professionals, as well as regulators, management consultants, and students and scholars of operational risk, Ten Laws of Operational Risk provides an invaluable new, systematic, and rigorous approach to operational risk management. PRAISE FOR TEN LAWS OF OPERATIONAL RISK ???Operational Risk can no longer be described as a new concept, but as a discipline few attempts have been made to really understand its behaviour. In his book Michael does this very successfully, blending extensive practical experience with analytical thought leadership to propose a set of laws that explain why and how Operational Risks arise, and what can be done to manage them. Assertions are evidence based, with numerous real examples used to underpin his hypotheses. This is a valuable addition to Operational Risk thinking and is recommended for experienced professionals and novices alike.??? ??? Dr Luke Carrivick, Director of Research & Information, ORX ???Michael has established himself as one of Operational Risk???s foremost thinkers. His ability to use historical data to analyse events is unrivalled. In this must-read book, he identifies ten fundamental laws that provide every Operational Risk practitioner with a clear set of rules they can use to understand current events and predict their impacts.??? ??? Andrew Sheen, former Head of the FSA???s Operational Risk Review team ???Michael is one of the most prominent thinkers in Operational Risk. He combines a long career in Operational Risk management and measurement with a deep, long-standing reflection on the fundamental causes, dynamics and patterns in the manifestation of Operational Risk events. He produces, with this book, a remarkable synthesis of his insightful and innovative work.??? ??? Dr Ariane Chapelle, Honorary Reader, University College London; Managing Partner, Chapelle Consulting ???Michael is a highly respected expert in the field of Operational Risk, who has developed some ground-breaking frameworks for analysing this risk and guiding better risk management decisions. As a working practitioner in the field he brings many insights that will appeal to other practitioners as well as regulators, students and scholars.??? ??? Professor Elizabeth Sheedy, Macquarie Business School ???Michael???s views and analysis challenge the traditional Basel II views of Operational Risk and are genuinely thought-provoking. His book on the Ten Laws of Operational Risk will give financial services clarity and a practical view, where it has been previously lacking, on how best to manage such risks.??? ??? Tin Lau, Group Head of Financial and Strategic Risk, TP ICAP
Mastering Operational Risk
Author: Tony Blunden
Publisher: Pearson UK
ISBN: 0273778846
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
A practical guide, from the basic techniques, through to advanced applications, showing you what operational risk is, and how you can manage it. Mastering Operational Risk provides a step-by-step guide from the basic elements of operational risk through to advanced applications of operational risk management. Focusing on practical applications, it gives you the knowledge needed to understand what operational risk is and puts in place a workable way of managing it. The full text downloaded to your computer With eBooks you can: search for key concepts, words and phrases make highlights and notes as you study share your notes with friends eBooks are downloaded to your computer and accessible either offline through the Bookshelf (available as a free download), available online and also via the iPad and Android apps. Upon purchase, you'll gain instant access to this eBook. Time limit The eBooks products do not have an expiry date. You will continue to access your digital ebook products whilst you have your Bookshelf installed.
Publisher: Pearson UK
ISBN: 0273778846
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
A practical guide, from the basic techniques, through to advanced applications, showing you what operational risk is, and how you can manage it. Mastering Operational Risk provides a step-by-step guide from the basic elements of operational risk through to advanced applications of operational risk management. Focusing on practical applications, it gives you the knowledge needed to understand what operational risk is and puts in place a workable way of managing it. The full text downloaded to your computer With eBooks you can: search for key concepts, words and phrases make highlights and notes as you study share your notes with friends eBooks are downloaded to your computer and accessible either offline through the Bookshelf (available as a free download), available online and also via the iPad and Android apps. Upon purchase, you'll gain instant access to this eBook. Time limit The eBooks products do not have an expiry date. You will continue to access your digital ebook products whilst you have your Bookshelf installed.
Managing Hedge Fund Risk and Financing
Author: David P. Belmont
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470827262
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
The ultimate guide to dealing with hedge fund risk in a post-Great Recession world Hedge funds have been faced with a variety of new challenges as a result of the ongoing financial crisis. The simultaneous collapse of major financial institutions that were their trading counterparties and service providers, fundamental and systemic increases in market volatility and illiquidity, and unrelenting demands from investors to redeem their hedge fund investments have conspired to make the climate for hedge funds extremely uncomfortable. As a result, many funds have failed or been forced to close due to poor performance. Managing Hedge Fund Risk and Financing: Adapting to a New Era brings together the many lessons learned from the recent crisis. Advising hedge fund managers and CFOs on how to manage the risk of their investment strategies and structure relationships to best insulate their firms and investors from the failures of financial counterparties, the book looks in detail at the various methodologies for managing hedge fund market, credit, and operational risks depending on the hedge fund's investment strategy. Also covering best practice ISDA, Prime Brokerage, Fee and Margin Lock Up, and including tips for Committed Facility lending contracts, the book includes everything you need to know to learn from the events of the past to inform your future hedge fund dealings. Shows how to manage hedge fund risk through the application of financial risk modelling and measurement techniques as well as the structuring of financial relationships with investors, regulators, creditors, and trading counterparties Written by a global finance expert, David Belmont, who worked closely with hedge fund clients during the crisis and experienced first hand what works Explains how to profit from the financial crisis In the wake of the Financial Crisis there have been calls for more stringent management of hedge fund risk, and this timely book offers comprehensive guidelines for CFOs looking to ensure world-class levels of corporate governance.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470827262
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
The ultimate guide to dealing with hedge fund risk in a post-Great Recession world Hedge funds have been faced with a variety of new challenges as a result of the ongoing financial crisis. The simultaneous collapse of major financial institutions that were their trading counterparties and service providers, fundamental and systemic increases in market volatility and illiquidity, and unrelenting demands from investors to redeem their hedge fund investments have conspired to make the climate for hedge funds extremely uncomfortable. As a result, many funds have failed or been forced to close due to poor performance. Managing Hedge Fund Risk and Financing: Adapting to a New Era brings together the many lessons learned from the recent crisis. Advising hedge fund managers and CFOs on how to manage the risk of their investment strategies and structure relationships to best insulate their firms and investors from the failures of financial counterparties, the book looks in detail at the various methodologies for managing hedge fund market, credit, and operational risks depending on the hedge fund's investment strategy. Also covering best practice ISDA, Prime Brokerage, Fee and Margin Lock Up, and including tips for Committed Facility lending contracts, the book includes everything you need to know to learn from the events of the past to inform your future hedge fund dealings. Shows how to manage hedge fund risk through the application of financial risk modelling and measurement techniques as well as the structuring of financial relationships with investors, regulators, creditors, and trading counterparties Written by a global finance expert, David Belmont, who worked closely with hedge fund clients during the crisis and experienced first hand what works Explains how to profit from the financial crisis In the wake of the Financial Crisis there have been calls for more stringent management of hedge fund risk, and this timely book offers comprehensive guidelines for CFOs looking to ensure world-class levels of corporate governance.
Operational Risk Management and Business Continuity Planning for Modern State Treasuries
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475504705
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 35
Book Description
This technical note and manual addresses the following main issues: 1. What is operational risk management and how this should be applied to treasury operations. 2. What is business continuity and disaster recovery planning and why it is important for treasury operations? 3. How to develop and implement a business continuity and disaster recovery plan using a six practical-step process and how to have it imbedded into the day-to-day operations of the treasury. 4. What is needed to activate and what are the key procedures when activating the disaster recovery plan.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475504705
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 35
Book Description
This technical note and manual addresses the following main issues: 1. What is operational risk management and how this should be applied to treasury operations. 2. What is business continuity and disaster recovery planning and why it is important for treasury operations? 3. How to develop and implement a business continuity and disaster recovery plan using a six practical-step process and how to have it imbedded into the day-to-day operations of the treasury. 4. What is needed to activate and what are the key procedures when activating the disaster recovery plan.