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Author: Colin R. Harwood
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306431371
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
The genus Bacillw; has a long history of importance, both from an economic point of view and as a source of experimental microorganisms. This volume critically reviews aspects of identification, molecular biology, and growth that are of impor tance for the current and anticipated future exploitation of members of this group. In addition, the volume includes a chapter on taxonomy, as the importance of good taxonomy is often not fully appreciated; on sporulation, since so many important products are produced concomitantly with this process and we are beginning to understand the mechanisms by which the process is controlled; and, finally, on the cell envelope, as we are only just beginning to appreciate the significance of dif ferences between the cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for productivity and processing. The commercial importance of Bacillus lies mainly in the area of enzyme pro duction for the food, drink, and detergent markets. Increasingly, however, the ability of Bacillus to secrete proteins, coupled with its regulatory acceptability, has resulted in strenuous efforts to develop species of Bacillus as hosts for the produc tion of value-added heterologous proteins. Difficulties have often been encoun tered, indicating a need to divert more resources to improving our understanding of the molecular biology of members of this grou p. Experience with Escherichia coli, a far from ideal organism from a commercial point of view, suggests that an in creased investment in Bacillus is likely ultimately to be productive.
Author: Colin R. Harwood
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306431371
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
The genus Bacillw; has a long history of importance, both from an economic point of view and as a source of experimental microorganisms. This volume critically reviews aspects of identification, molecular biology, and growth that are of impor tance for the current and anticipated future exploitation of members of this group. In addition, the volume includes a chapter on taxonomy, as the importance of good taxonomy is often not fully appreciated; on sporulation, since so many important products are produced concomitantly with this process and we are beginning to understand the mechanisms by which the process is controlled; and, finally, on the cell envelope, as we are only just beginning to appreciate the significance of dif ferences between the cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for productivity and processing. The commercial importance of Bacillus lies mainly in the area of enzyme pro duction for the food, drink, and detergent markets. Increasingly, however, the ability of Bacillus to secrete proteins, coupled with its regulatory acceptability, has resulted in strenuous efforts to develop species of Bacillus as hosts for the produc tion of value-added heterologous proteins. Difficulties have often been encoun tered, indicating a need to divert more resources to improving our understanding of the molecular biology of members of this grou p. Experience with Escherichia coli, a far from ideal organism from a commercial point of view, suggests that an in creased investment in Bacillus is likely ultimately to be productive.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241547537
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 219
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Book Description
This fourth edition of the anthrax guidelines encompasses a systematic review of the extensive new scientific literature and relevant publications up to end 2007 including all the new information that emerged in the 3-4 years after the anthrax letter events. This updated edition provides information on the disease and its importance, its etiology and ecology, and offers guidance on the detection, diagnostic, epidemiology, disinfection and decontamination, treatment and prophylaxis procedures, as well as control and surveillance processes for anthrax in humans and animals. With two rounds of a rigorous peer-review process, it is a relevant source of information for the management of anthrax in humans and animals.
Author: Vincenzo Savini
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128016930
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
The Diverse Faces of Bacillus cereus elucidates all characteristics of this microorganism, from its environmental and ecologic relevance, to its veterinary involvement, its clinical settings, most common B. cereus associated food poisoning episodes, and the newest airway disease pictures mimicking the inhalation of anthrax. Due to its environmental distribution, B. cereus may cause serious, even fatal human diseases. The organism shows many diverse faces, as it is not only a veterinary pathogen, but also used as a biocontrol agent to control vegetable decay due to its natural antimicrobial properties. Once considered as a mere colonizer or contaminant, Bacillus cereus is nowadays acquiring increasing importance as an agent of nosocomial infections. The book's target audience is familiar with this opportunistic pathogen and will benefit from this clear compendium on the classical and molecular techniques and procedures that may be adopted or followed to correctly identify this intriguing multi-faceted microorganism. Presents an update on the current aspects of Bacillus Cereus Elucidates all aspects of and provides a concise compendium on the recent literature of Bacillus Cereus Gives an overview of the patents proposing its use as a natural pesticide
Author: William R. Jacobs, Jr.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1683673050
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1442
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Book Description
Can today's innovative practices and molecular tools tame this ancient disease? One third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), with about 10 million new cases annually. To combat TB and its agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the World Health Organization launched The End TB Strategy, which aims to slash the suffering and cost of TB by 2035. This makes the second edition of Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus, edited by Jacobs, McShane, Mizrahi, and Orme, an extremely valuable resource for scientists and clinicians. The editors have gathered their colleagues from around the world to present the latest on the molecular biology of M. tuberculosis and related species, the host-pathogen interactions that enable invasion, and the host's immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. The basic, clinical, and translational research presented in this book supports the goals of WHO's End TB Strategy by driving toward the development of effective vaccines, rapid molecular diagnostics, and anti-TB drugs. Creating an effective tuberculosis vaccine. Understand the innate and adaptive immune response to M. tuberculosis infection, its study in established animal models, and how this information is being used to develop new vaccines against TB. Formulating new antituberculosis drugs. Learn the challenges and methods for evaluating new drugs in preclinical trials with a focus on drugs that work against "persisters" and those that act on the electron transport complex and ATP synthase of M. tuberculosis. Overcoming the challenges of diagnosing tuberculosis. Review new diagnostic tools that are simple, rapid, affordable, specific, sensitive, and safe, including molecular-based diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Using molecular, genomic, and bioinformatics tools to understand the biology and evolution of Mycobacterium. Explore current research on the molecular mechanisms that M. tuberculosis uses to evade the immune system, enter a state of nonreplicating persistence, and become reactivated. The second edition of Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus presents the latest research on a microorganism that is exquisitely well adapted to its human host. This pathogen continues to confound scientists, clinicians, and public health specialists, who will all find much valuable information in this comprehensive set of reviews.
Author: Estibaliz Sansinenea
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400730209
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a biopesticide in agriculture, forestry and mosquito control because of its advantages of specific toxicity against target insects, lack of polluting residues and safety to non-target organisms. The insecticidal properties of this bacterium are due to insecticidal proteins produced during sporulation. Despite these ecological benefits, the use of Bt biopesticides has lagged behind the synthetic chemicals. Genetic improvement of Bt natural strains, in particular Bt recombination, offers a promising means of improving efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Bt-based bioinsecticide products to develop new biotechnological applications. On the other hand, the different Bacillus species have important biotechnological applications; one of them is carried out by producing secondary metabolites, which are the study object of natural product chemistry. The amazing structural variability of these compounds has attracted the curiosity of chemists and the biological activities possessed by natural products have inspired the pharmaceutical industry to search for lead structures in microbial extracts. Screening of microbial extracts reveals the large structural diversity of natural compounds with broad biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antitumor activities that enable the bacterium to survive in its natural environment. These findings widen the target range of Bacillus spp., in special B. thuringiensis, besides insecticidal activity and help people to better understand its role in soil ecosystem.
Author: M. Tofazzal Islam
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030854655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
The third volume of the series ‘Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology’ is comprised of 25 chapters that bring a unique perspective to the readers about Bacillus-mediated biotic and abiotic plant stress tolerance, bioremediation and bioprospecting. These chapters are prepared by the leading scientists of global repute. The negative impacts of agrochemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health and environment are paramount. Bacillus and allied genera of beneficial plant-associated microbes are presenting beacon of hope to the farmers, plant scientists and stewards of environment. Several chapters of this volume focus on the induction of various signaling pathways in plants by Bacillus spp. to alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses impacted by global climate change Agricultural lands contaminated with heavy metals affect the ecological food chain starting from crop cultivation. How the toxic effects of trace metals originating from industrial effluents and agrochemicals can be remediated? This book addresses how to overcome these issues by applying elite strains of Bacillus. Bioprospecting is a systematic and organized search for conversion of bioresources to industrially important products by utilizing microbe-derived metabolites. This volume is enriched by including the bioprospecting aspects mediated by Bacillus spp. with novel insights.
Author: A. L. Sonenshein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus subtilis
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Book Description
Focusing on issues of gene organization, regulation, and evolution in the context of the whole life of the cell, this new volume complements the editors' classic 1993 volume Bacillus subtilis and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. Building upon the previous edition, Bacillus subtilis and Its Closest Relatives contains an updated annotation of the complete B. subtilis genome and includes a unique compilation of major pathways of metabolism and macromolecular synthesis, correlating genes and proteins and assigning new functions to many genes. It also provides clear explanations of the major regulatory mechanisms that are unique to gram-positive bacteria as well as an overview of their special properties. This essential reference offers detailed, current information and is valuable reading for microbiologists, biotechnologists, and students.
Author: Arun K. Bhunia
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493973495
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
This book primarily covers the general description of foodborne pathogens and their mechanisms of pathogenesis, control and prevention, and detection strategies, with easy-to-comprehend illustrations. The book is an essential resource for food microbiology graduate or undergraduate students, microbiology professionals, and academicians involved in food microbiology, food safety, and food defense-related research or teaching. This new edition covers the significant progress that has been made since 2008 in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of some common foodborne pathogens, and the host-pathogen interaction. Foodborne and food-associated zoonotic pathogens, responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity, are discussed in detail. Chapters on foodborne viruses, parasites, molds and mycotoxins, and fish and shellfish are expanded. Additionally, chapters on opportunistic and emerging foodborne pathogens including Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Brucella abortus, Clostridium difficile, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Plesiomonas shigelloides have been added. The second edition contains more line drawings, color photographs, and hand-drawn illustrations.
Author: Angelo Curtis
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536145137
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Bacillus subtilis is a motile gram-positive bacterium widespread in the soil and the gut of animals which has been reported to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. In Bacillus subtilis: Morphology, Functions and Role in Disease Management, the authors begin by outlining the main features of chemotaxis as a behaviour, then reviewing the molecular machinery Bacillus subtilis uses to sense and respond to chemical cues. Following this, the authors discuss how bacterial biofilms can form on biotic and abiotic surfaces, developing various reversible and irreversible stages depending on environmental conditions. An important characteristic of biofilm is the extracellular matrix, which is usually formed by exopolysaccharide and extracellular proteins by Bacillus subtilis. Next, this compilation highlights the key features in Bacillus subtilis lipopeptides as eco-friendly controllers of plant pathogens. Currently, phytopathogens impact all agricultural systems, leading to economic losses worldwide. The closing chapter discusses NKCP®, a novel dietary supplement derived from traditional Japanese traditional food, which improved patients symptoms and blood pressure by improving blood flow through antithrombotic and fibrinolytic properties.
Author: Philip F. Entwistle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
The challenge of bacillus thuringiensis. Historiacal overview: from discovery until 1980s. The 1980s: a decade of change. The future challenge. Diversity of bacillus thuringiensis toxins and genes. Diversity of B. thuringiensis strains and toxins. Localization and molecular organization of the toxin genes. The crystal protein genes and products. Regulation of crystal synthesis. Domain-function studies of bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins: a genetic approach. Mode of action structural features of crystal proteins. Crystal protein mutants. Crystal protein hybrids. Transgenic bacteria, viruses, algae and other microorganisms as bacillus thuringiensis toxin delivery systems. Conventional B. thuringiensis products: do they nedd to be improved?. The use of transgenic microorganisms to improve insect host range. Improving foliar acticity and delivery. Improving aquatic activity and delivery. Improving soil activity and delivery. Issues in the development of transgenic microorganisms. The engineering of plants to express bacillus thuringiensis -endotoxins. Expression of -endotoxins in dicotyledons. Expression of -endotoxins in monocotyledons. Quantification of -endotoxins expression in planta. Enhancement of -endotoxin expression in planta. Endophyte expression of -endotoxin genes in plants. Control of lepidopteran pests with bacillus thuringiensis. Conventional and genetically engineered b. thuringiensis. Products. Microbial specificity of b. thuringiensis in lepidopteran pests. Entomological aspects of lepidopteran pest control with B. thuringiensis. Integration of B. thuringiensis in lepidopteran pest control strategies. Use of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against mosquitoes and blackflies. Properties of B. thuringiensis israelensis. Factors influencing the efficacy of B. thuringiensis israelensis treatments. Organization of mosquito control programmes. Successful control programmes using B. thuringiesis israelensis. Future prospects for the use of B. thuringiensis israelensis. Control of coleopteran pests by bacillus thuringiensis. B. thuringiensis tenebrionis products and their registration. Characterization of B. thuringiensis tenebrionis and other coleopteran-active subspecies. Host range of B. thuringiensis tenebrionis and susceptibility levels of some pest species. The impact of B. thuringiensis tenebrionis on nor-target animals. Control of coleoptera by -exotoxin. Field trials with B. thuringiensis tenebrionis. Future prospects. Bacillus thuringiensis in the environment: ecology and risk assessment. Role in the environment. Risk assessment. Resistance to bacillus thuringiensis and resistance management. Field resistance development to B. thuringiensis. Laboratory selection for resistance. Cross resistance of B. thuringiensis to chemicals and other B. thuringiensis strains. Genetics of resistance. Mechanisms of resistance. Strategies for delaying resistance development. The use of bacillus thuringiensis in developing countries. History and usage of B. thuringiensis in developing nations. Strain survey and selection. Production levels and costs. Inexpensive and local fermentation media. Low technology fermentation procedures. Stability and formulation. Field application. Further development of B. thuringiensis. Future role for B. thuringiensis in developing countries. Production of bacillus thuringiensis insecticides for experimental and commercial uses. Optimization of production methods. Production methods for B. thuringiensis. Quality control.
