B Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download B Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus PDF full book. Access full book title B Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus by Siri Atma White Greeley. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Siri Atma White Greeley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Siri Atma White Greeley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Yang Liu
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361339947
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
This dissertation, "The Role of Regulatory B Cells in the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice" by Yang, Liu, 劉洋, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Interleukin (IL)-10-secreting regulatory Bcells(B10) are acknowledged to play important roles in balancing cellular immunity and fighting against autoimmune diseases. Since the early discovery of the potential of B cells in suppressing autoimmunity by secreting IL-10 in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE), accumulating evidences have revealed the existence and regulatory function of B10 cells in the progression of several autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus and autoimmune arthritis, suggesting potential values of therapeutic intervention. Autoimmune diabetes is an autoimmune disease in animal models characterized by progressive insulitis and mass destruction of βcells in pancreatic islets. However, the role of Bregsin the development of this disease remains largely unclear. To explore whether Bregs possess a regulatory function in suppressing diabetes, B10 cells were generated from B-cell activation factor (BAFF)-stimulated B cells of Non-obese diabetic (NOD)mice. Notably, NOD mice receiving B10 transfer exhibited delayed diabetes onset and substantially reduced incidence, suggesting some therapeutic effect against autoimmune diabetes. As an important contributor to inflammation and autoimmune disorders, the pathogenic function of IL-17 producing CD4+cells (Th17) in autoimmune diabetes has been increasingly identified, which attracts me to investigate whether B10 cells can contribute to amelioration of autoimmune diabetes via suppressing Th17 cells. During the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice, both B10 and Th17 significantly increased at prediabetic stage and rapidly declined after disease onset. Upon adoptive transfer of B10 cells into prediabetic NOD mice, Th17 cells in pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreas were profoundly reduced. To verify whether B10 cells can directly inhibit Th17 generation in vitro, CFSE-dilution assay combined to Th17 polarization assay was performed. Results indicated that B10 cells suppress Th17 polarization in an IL-10 independent manner, but inhibit Th17 proliferation in an partially IL-10 dependent way. Finally I transferred B10 together with naive CD4+T cells reactive to islets into lymphopenic NOD-SCID mice and detected substantially reduced Th17 frequencies in pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreas, suggesting a potential way of developing new therapeutic strategies in treating Type 1 diabetes in humans. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5194749 Subjects: Diabetes - Molecular aspects B cells
Author: Thomas Alexander Packard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 135
Get Book Here
Book Description
B cells are required during the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes and this functionality is independent of antibody secretion, but dependent on MHC expression and B cell receptor (BCR) specificity. Together, this suggests that autoreactive B cells drive diabetes by presenting antigen to effector T cells. An insulin-binding BCR is sufficient for diabetes development in NOD, but monoclonal transgenic (125Tg) have reduced disease compared to polyclonal transgenic (VH125) animals. This prompted us to investigate the insulin-binding affinities of BCRs derived from the VH125 animal, and consequential B cell functions in tolerance and autoimmune processes. We hypothesized that BCR affinity for insulin impacts the level and type of tolerance, and that intrinsic genetic susceptibility of the B cell affects these thresholds. Further, we posited that the BCR affinity alters the role of the insulin-specific B cell in diabetes: assigning the clone to a fate of rigid tolerance in the case of too much avidity, or complete ignorance if too low. B cells bearing BCR of optimal affinity are the most able to participate in pathogenesis, through acquiring insulin, activation, and antigen presentation. Within we use a novel method of combined transgenic and retrogenic BCR to demonstrate that affinity of the BCR is critical to bind insulin and induce signaling. We found that the 125 BCR exhibits a much higher avidity than predicted by studies of soluble Ig, explaining much of its observed functionality. We show that BCR affinity for insulin and genetic background affect the tolerization of B cells exposed to the autoantigen. Insulin-specific B cells can activate insulin-specific T cells, and tolerized B cells are decreased in this capability. Finally, we show that in vivo acquisition of insulin requires sufficient BCR affinity and permissive host/tissue environment. We propose the model that BCR affinity, pancreas environment, and B cell tolerance genes converge in the NOD animal to allow for acquisition of insulin and autoimmunity.
Author: William Stohl
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805578512
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 321
Get Book Here
Book Description
The understanding of B cell biology has increased and expanded enormously in the last three decades. It is now known that B cells, in addition to just differentiating into antibody-secreting cells, serve many other vital functions. For example, their roles as antigen-presenting cells and cytokine-producing cells as well as effector cells and regulatory cells are well appreciated now. Indeed, the pathologic role of B cells in many autoimmune disorders may be largely autoantibody-independent. Today, the B cell is of considerable interest not only to immunologists but also to mainstream clinicians and scientists. The current volume covers the latest information on the functions of B cells in normal and disease states, and their therapeutic antagonism. Chapters cover cutting-edge topics from the basic to the clinical, including B cells in infection and autoimmunity, CD19-CD21 signal transduction complex, marginal zone B cell physiology and disease, B cell growth and differentiation, their role in rheumatoid arthritis, SLE treatment, the BAFF/APRIL system and B lymphocyte malignancies. This book is recommended reading for cellular and molecular immunologists as well as for rheumatologists, hematologists and clinical immunologists, and all those interested in human diseases in which B cells play an important contributory role.
Author: David Ahmad Nemazee
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805574541
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Get Book Here
Book Description
B cells play a central role not only in adaptive immunity, but also in autoimmunity. To understand how B cells are normally prevented from reacting to self-tissue, what goes wrong in autoimmunity, and how B cells contribute to it is the aim of this book. This volume includes more than a dozen in-depth reviews by researchers specializing in various aspects of basic B cell biology that have relevance to autoimmune diseases. These up-to-date chapters present the latest information on B cell signal transduction, apoptosis, genetics and molecular biology. Also featured are chapters with special reference to particular autoimmune diseases in which B cells have been shown to play a critical role, such as type 1 diabetes, chronic graft-versus-host disease and lupus erythematosus. Further topics covered include the role of the complement system, rheumatoid factors, and anti-DNA autoantibodies as well as important related areas such as natural autoantibodies, B cell immune tolerance, Toll receptor signaling, and the immunobiology of BAFF/BLyS. Both basic researchers and clinician scientists who wish to understand the role of B lymphocytes in immune tolerance and autoimmunity will benefit from this timely publication.
Author: Félix Lombard-Vadnais
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
"The development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease affecting the pancreas insusceptible individuals, is controlled by a variety of environmental and genetic factors. While the pathogenesis of T1D has been studied for more than 100 years, the cellular events leading topancreatic beta cell loss are incompletely understood. Two principal actors in the autoimmune responses promoting diabetes are T and B lymphocytes, both of which are necessary for diabetes development in NOD mice, a mouse model of T1D. While the importance of both cell subsets has been clearly established, the consequences of their interplay on diabetes development are not fullyunderstood. Therefore, we evaluated the contribution of T and B lymphocyte crosstalk in the context of autoimmune diabetes. With this project, we identified a locus on chromosome 9 of the mouse (the Idd2 locus) containing genetic variants that promote T and B cell interactions, byinfluencing the level of MHC expression on immune cells. Genes in this locus are highlyimplicated in diabetes susceptibility, as modification of this locus on the NOD background greatlyreduce diabetes onset. We also show that Pou2af1, a candidate gene is the Idd2 locus, promotes the differentiation of Tfh by participating in the crosstalk between T and B cells. Lastly, we uncover a novel role for AID expression in thymic B cells in supporting their participation in the selection of thymocytes and the control of autoimmunity. Together, these data highlight the multifaceted consequences of the crosstalk between T and B cells in the context of autoimmune diabetes"--
Author: Mark A. Sperling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781416027539
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Domenico Andreani
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Get Book Here
Book Description
Recent national, European and international diabetes meetings have seen controversial discussions on the potential benefit and also on ethical aspects of immune intervention in patients with Type 1 diabetes or in persons with a high risk of developing the disease.
Author: Matthias G. Von Herrath
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 382
Get Book Here
Book Description
Type 1 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis are thought to be T cell mediated autoimmune diseases that involve a detrimental action of inflammatory cytokines and autoaggressive T lymphocytes. They still pose many unsolved puzzles, and the precise etiology as well as prevention have remained elusive. It is clear that genetic factors can predispose for developing diabetes, however, based on significant disease discordance found in monozygotic twins, additional environmental factors have to be postulated. Viruses are good candidates because they induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, but no single etiologic agent has been identified. Several animal models are presented which have been used to study the activation of naive autoreactive lymphocytes. It is shown that regulation of the autoaggressive process occurs prior to clinical diabetes and is mediated by a complete network of cytokines, as well as regulatory circuits/cells. The spreading of autoimmunity to self-antigens not involved in the initial phase of islet destruction is not necessarily detrimental and can carry benefits. Therapeutically, counter-regulation of aggressive responses has been demonstrated via various means in animal models preventing diabetes or rejection of transplanted islets. All these findings are being discussed in this volume, which presents a state-of-the-art overview of the pathogenesis and intervention of type 1 diabetes. Authoritative and up-to-date, it will be of great value to any investigator interested in understanding autoimmunity.
Author: Kenneth Murphy
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 9780815344575
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
